滇西南中尺度对流飑线的移动路径和雷达回波特征
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摘要
对2004—2014年普洱市多普勒天气雷达观测到的28次飑线过程进行基础数据分析,并对比分析雷达产品.结果表明:滇西南飑线主要发生在3—9月,平均生命史约为3.6 h,82%的初生时段集中在14:00—22:00;飑线路径共有5条,1和4型飑线雷暴单体强度明显大于2、3和5型飑线,后者单体消亡后形成宽广的层状云降水回波,在8~10 km高度层"零度层亮带"呈现不规则状;径向速度存在模糊区、逆风区、中层径向幅合(MARC)、中气旋、回波墙、云顶上冲、穹窿和有界弱回波区(BWER)等特征的出现有利于雷暴单体的加强和飑线的维持;飑线前新生单体强度的增减在一定程度上预示着飑线的加强或消亡;飑线降雹过程主要出现在第1类型飑线中,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)在49~76 kg·m-2时,降雹几率最大.
This article is based on the inversion of 28 squall line process observed by the doppler radar from2004—2014 in Pu 'er. By analyzing the comparison of radar products,we have several conclusions. Most of the squall line process happens from Mar to Sep,the average life of them is about 3.6 h,82% of them generated on14: 00—22: 00 pm.There are five paths of the squall line process,and the type 1 and type 4 squall line thunderstorm cell is stronger than type 2,type 3 and type 5.When the monomer of type 2,type 3 and type 5 die out,there will be a broad stratiform precipitation echo existing in the "zero layer bright band"at 8—10 km,and their shape is irregular.The characteristic such as the fuzzy radial velocity of the squall line,the BWER in adverse wind area,MARC,cyclone,echo wall,genting on,groin,is conducive to the strengthening of thunderstorm cell and squall line maintenance. The intension increase or decrease of the new monomer before the squall line indicates the strengthen or subduction of the squall line. Hail process always happens in the squall line of type 1,especially when the VIL is about 49—76 kg·m-2.
This article is based on the inversion of 28 squall line process observed by the doppler radar from2004—2014 in Pu 'er. By analyzing the comparison of radar products,we have several conclusions. Most of the squall line process happens from Mar to Sep,the average life of them is about 3.6 h,82% of them generated on14: 00—22: 00 pm.There are five paths of the squall line process,and the type 1 and type 4 squall line thunderstorm cell is stronger than type 2,type 3 and type 5.When the monomer of type 2,type 3 and type 5 die out,there will be a broad stratiform precipitation echo existing in the "zero layer bright band"at 8—10 km,and their shape is irregular.The characteristic such as the fuzzy radial velocity of the squall line,the BWER in adverse wind area,MARC,cyclone,echo wall,genting on,groin,is conducive to the strengthening of thunderstorm cell and squall line maintenance. The intension increase or decrease of the new monomer before the squall line indicates the strengthen or subduction of the squall line. Hail process always happens in the squall line of type 1,especially when the VIL is about 49—76 kg·m-2.
引文
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[17]尤红,肖子牛,王刚平,等.低纬高原两次特殊灾害性强对流天气过程分析和比较[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(3):216-223.YOU H,XIAO Z N,WANG G P,et al.Analysis and comparison of two special severe convective weather processes in low latitude plateau[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2010,29(3):216-223.
[18]应东梅,许爱华,黄祖辉.江西冰雹、大风与短时强降水的多普勒雷达产品的对比分析[J].气象,2007,33(3):48-53.YING D M,XU A H,HUANG Z H,Comparative analysis of Doppler radar products of hail,gale and short time heavy rainfall in Jiangxi[J].Meteorological,2007,33(3):48-53.
[19]张崇莉,向明堃,赖云华,等.滇西北高原冰雹、短时强降水的多普勒雷达回波特征比较[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(1):64-69.ZHANG C L,XIANG M K,LAI Y H,et al.Comparison of echo characteristics of hail and short time heavy rainfall in Northwest Yunnan Plateau[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2011,30(1):64-69
[2]HOUZE R A J.Structure and dynamica of a tropical squall-line system.Mon[J].Weather Rev,1977,105:1 540-1 567.
[3]ZIPSER E J.Mesoscale and convective-scale downdraughts as distinct compinents of squall-line circulation.Mon[J].Weather Rev,1977,105:1 568-1 589.
[4]OGURA Y,LIOU M L.The structure of a midlatitude squall line.a case study[J].Atmos Sci,1980,37:553-567.
[5]SMULL B F,HOUZE R A J.Rear inflow in squall lines with trailing-stratiform precipitation.Mon[J].Weather Rev,1987,115:2 869-2 889.
[6]BLUESTEIN H.Dynamics of mesoscale weather systems[C].NCAR Summer Colloquium Lecture Notes,1984:497-516.
[7]丁一汇,李鸿洲,章名立,等.我国飑线发生条件的研究[J].大气科学,1982,6(1):18-27.DING Y H,LI H Z,ZHANG M L,et al.Chapter of high power,the occurrence conditions of squall line in China[J].Atmospheric Science,1982,6(1):18-27
[8]应冬梅,郭艳.江西暖区飑线的天气雷达回波气候特征分析[J].江西科技,2000,23(4):20-22.GUO D M,GUO Y.Characteristics of weather radar echo of Jiangxi climate warm area of squall line analysis[J].Science and Technology of Jiangxi,2000,23(4):20-22
[9]姚叶青,俞小鼎,张义军,等.一次典型飑线过程多普勒天气雷达资料分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):374-381.YAO Y Q,YU X D,ZHANG Y J,et al.Analysing a typical squall line process Doppler weather radar data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008,27(2):374-381.
[10]汤兴芝,黄兴友.冰雹云的多普勒天气雷达识别参量及其预警作用[J].暴雨灾害,2009,28(3):261-265.TANG X Z,HUANG X Y.The identification parameters of Doppler weather radar in hail cloud and its early warning role[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2009,28(3):261-265.
[11]王建国,汪应琼.CINRAD/SA雷达产品在冰雹预警中的适用性分析[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(3):268-272.WANG J G,WANG Y Q.Analysis of the applicability of CINRAD/SA radar products in hail warning[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2008,27(3):268-272.
[12]徐八林,许小勇,杨宇,等.高山雷达对低纬高原飑线的分析研究[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(2):173-176.XU B L,XU X Y,YANG Y,et al.Alpine radar of Squall Line Weather in low latitude plateau analysis[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Nature Sciences Edition,2009,31(2):173-176.
[13]徐八林,刘黎平,许小永.高山雷达站选址对估测降水的影响分析[J].气象科技,2006,34(3):3402343.XU B L,LIU L P,XU X Y.Analysis of the impact of high mountain radar station location on the estimation of precipitation[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2006,34(3):3402343
[14]徐八林,刘黎平,徐文君,等.利用低仰角扫描改进高山雷达低层回波探测能力浅析[J].气象,2008,34(9):61267.XU B L,LIU L P,XU W J,et al.Analysis of improving the low level echo detection capability of high altitude radar with low elevation angle[J].Meteorological,2008,34(9):61267
[15]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.YU X D,YAO X P,XIONG T N,et al.Doppler weather radar principle and business application[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2006
[16]冯晋勤,邱赠东,聂德兴.CINRAD/SA三体散射特征分析[J].气象科技,2007,35(S1):79-81.FENG J Q,QIU Z D,NIE D X,CINRAD/SA three body scattering characteristic analysis[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2007,35(S1):79-81.
[17]尤红,肖子牛,王刚平,等.低纬高原两次特殊灾害性强对流天气过程分析和比较[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(3):216-223.YOU H,XIAO Z N,WANG G P,et al.Analysis and comparison of two special severe convective weather processes in low latitude plateau[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2010,29(3):216-223.
[18]应东梅,许爱华,黄祖辉.江西冰雹、大风与短时强降水的多普勒雷达产品的对比分析[J].气象,2007,33(3):48-53.YING D M,XU A H,HUANG Z H,Comparative analysis of Doppler radar products of hail,gale and short time heavy rainfall in Jiangxi[J].Meteorological,2007,33(3):48-53.
[19]张崇莉,向明堃,赖云华,等.滇西北高原冰雹、短时强降水的多普勒雷达回波特征比较[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(1):64-69.ZHANG C L,XIANG M K,LAI Y H,et al.Comparison of echo characteristics of hail and short time heavy rainfall in Northwest Yunnan Plateau[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2011,30(1):64-69