连续长玻璃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的制备与力学性能
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摘要
以三羟基聚醚多元醇(PPG)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)作为软段和硬段,玻璃纤维(GF)为增强体,采用预聚体法制备自交联型GF/聚氨酯(PU)复合材料。借助旋转式黏度计、DMA、SEM、XRD和万能力学试验机等分析检测手段,研究了PU预聚体聚合温度、适用期、物相及GF含量等因素对GF/PU复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:PU预聚体聚合温度为50℃,GF含量为55wt%时,GF/PU复合材料综合性能最优,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击韧性分别为794MPa、846MPa和228kJ/m2,动态力学性能损耗因子(tanδ)峰值为0.59。
The prepolymer method was used to prepare the glass fiber reinforced self-crosslinking polyurethane(GF/PU)composites,in which three functional polyether polyol(PPG)and two phenyl methane diisocyanate(MDI)acted as the soft and hard segments,respectively.The effects of the polymerization temperature of PU prepolymer,pot-life of application,crystallinity and content of GF on the dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of the GF/PU composites were studied by using rotating viscometer,DMA,SEM,XRD and mechanical testing machine.The results show that the GF/PU composites exhibit the highest performance comprehensive performance when the polymerization temperature of the PU prepolymer is 50℃and the mass fraction of GF is 55 wt%.The tensile strength,flexural strength,and impact toughness of GF/PU composite are 794 MPa,846 MPa and 228 kJ/m2,respectively.The peak value of dynamic mechanical properties loss factor(tanδ)is 0.59.
The prepolymer method was used to prepare the glass fiber reinforced self-crosslinking polyurethane(GF/PU)composites,in which three functional polyether polyol(PPG)and two phenyl methane diisocyanate(MDI)acted as the soft and hard segments,respectively.The effects of the polymerization temperature of PU prepolymer,pot-life of application,crystallinity and content of GF on the dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of the GF/PU composites were studied by using rotating viscometer,DMA,SEM,XRD and mechanical testing machine.The results show that the GF/PU composites exhibit the highest performance comprehensive performance when the polymerization temperature of the PU prepolymer is 50℃and the mass fraction of GF is 55 wt%.The tensile strength,flexural strength,and impact toughness of GF/PU composite are 794 MPa,846 MPa and 228 kJ/m2,respectively.The peak value of dynamic mechanical properties loss factor(tanδ)is 0.59.
引文
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[24]赵玉飞,袁剑民,费又庆.碳纤维网络增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备与表征[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(6):1611-1617.ZHAO Y F,YUAN J M,FEI Y Q.Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(6):1611-1617(in Chinese).
[2]宋燕利,杨龙,郭巍,等.面向汽车轻量化应用的碳纤维复合材料关键技术[J].材料导报,2016,30(17):16-25.SONG Y L,YNAG L,GUO W,et al.Key technologies of carbon fiber composites for automotive lightweight applications[J].Materials Review,2016,30(17):16-25(in Chinese).
[3]邢丽英,包建文,礼嵩明,等.先进树脂基复合材料发展现状和面临的挑战[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(7):1327-1338.XING L Y,BAO J W,LI S M,et al.Development and challenges of advanced resin matrix composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(7):1327-1338(in Chinese).
[4]REIS J M L,CHAVES F L,MATTOS H S D C.Tensile behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polyurethane at different strain rates[J].Materials&Design,2013,49:192-196.
[5]REIS J M L D,REIS J M L D.Displacement rate effect on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane[J].Material Research,2016,19(1):183-186.
[6]赵庆波,赵春丽,冯曼,等.连续玻纤增强聚氨酯树脂复合材料制备及性能研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2016,31(3):5-9.ZHAO Q B,ZHAO C L,FENG M,et al.Study on Preparation and properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polyurethane resin composites[J].Polyurethane Industry,2016,31(3):5-9(in Chinese).
[7]SABA N,JAWAID M,ALOTHMAN O Y,et al.A review on dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites[J].Construction&Building Materials,2016,106:149-159.
[8]刘宁,周青,刘海蓉,等.聚氨酯弹性体结构对阻尼性能及力学性能的影响[J].合成树脂及塑料,2013(5):38-42.LIU N,ZHOU Q,LIU H R,et al.Effect of polyurethane elastomer structure on damping and mechanical properties[J].China Synthetic Resin and Plastics,2013(5):38-42(in Chinese).
[9]白光辉.先进复合材料力学性能测试标准图解[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.BAI G H.Diagram of the test standard for mechanical properties of advanced composite materials[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015(in Chinese).
[10]AKSORNMUANG J,NAKAJIMA M,TAGAMI J.Effect of viscosity of dual-cure luting resin composite core materials on bond strength to fiber posts with various surface treatments[J].Journal of Dental Sciences,2014,9(4):320-327.
[11]陆铭慧,刘磨,张雪松,等.RTM玻璃纤维/E51环氧树脂复合材料孔隙含量对超声特征参数的影响[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(2):291-297.LU M H,LIU M,ZHANG X S,et al.Effect of void content on ultrasonic characteristic parameters os RTM glass fiber/epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(2):291-297(in Chinese).
[12]张晓蕾,周海军,陈孝起,等.聚醚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的结构与阻尼性能关系[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(6):60-63.ZHANG X L,ZHOU H J,CHEN X Q,et al.Relationship between structure and damping capacity of polyether ester polyurethane elastomers[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2014,30(6):60-63(in Chinese).
[13]LEI W,FANG C,ZHOU X,et al.Thermal properties of polyurethane elastomer with different flexible molecular chain based on para-phenylene diisocyanate[J].2017,33(11):1424-1432.
[14]贺成红,张佐光,李玉彬,等.CF/GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料的高载动态黏弹特性[J].复合材料学报,2007,24(2):73-78.HE C H,ZAHNG Z G,LI Y B,et al.Dynamic viscoelasticities of CF/GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites under high load[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2007,24(2):73-78(in Chinese).
[15]ROMANZINI D,LAVORATTI A,JR H L O,et al.Influence of fiber content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of glass/ramie polymer composites[J].Materials&Design,2013,47(9):9-15.
[16]曾帅,贾智源,侯博,等.碳纤维-玻璃纤维层内混杂单向增强环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(2):297-303.ZENG S,JIA Z Y,HOU B,et al.Tensile properties of unidirectional carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy composites in layer[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(2):297-303(in Chinese).
[17]KANG S L,CHOI J I,KIM S K,et al.Damping and mechanical properties of composite composed of polyurethane matrix and preplaced aggregates[J].Construction&Building Materials,2017,145:68-75.
[18]HADJADJ A,JBARA O,TARA A,et al.Effects of cellulose fiber content on physical properties of polyurethane based composites[J].Composite Structures,2016,135:217-223.
[19]谭井华.聚氨酯/白炭黑有机-无机杂化材料及其对橡胶的互穿网络改性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.TAN J H.PU/Silica organic-inorganic hybrid materials and their interpenetrating networks with rubber[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[20]王晓环,蒋玉湘,徐文龙,等.聚碳酸酯基聚氨酯/芳纶纤维复合材料的制备与性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2016,32(10):160-163.WANG X H,JIANG Y X,XU W L,et al.Preparation and properties of polycarbonate based polyurethane/aramid fiber composites[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2016,32(10):160-163(in Chinese).
[21]BAKARE I O,OKIEIMEN F E,PAVITHRAN C,et al.Mechanical and thermal properties of sisal fiber-reinforced rubber seed oil-based polyurethane composites[J].Materials&Design,2010,31(9):4274-4280.
[22]JIANG S,LI Q,ZHAO Y,et al.Effect of surface silanization of carbon fiber on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2015,110:87-94.
[23]CAO M,WANG C,XIA R,et al.Preparation and performance of the modified high-strength/high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber/polyurethane grouting materials[J].Construction&Building Materials,2018,168:482-489.
[24]赵玉飞,袁剑民,费又庆.碳纤维网络增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备与表征[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(6):1611-1617.ZHAO Y F,YUAN J M,FEI Y Q.Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(6):1611-1617(in Chinese).