我国稀土材料与绿色制备技术现状与发展趋势
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摘要
稀土是制备高新材料的关键基础材料,被誉为"21世纪的战略元素"。稀土材料往往具有独特的物理化学特征,因而用途广泛,以稀土磁性、储氢、发光、催化等为代表的稀土功能材料被列为实施制造强国战略的9种关键材料之一,战略地位十分重要。我国稀土基础原材料产品产量占世界总产量的85%以上,稀土永磁材料、发光材料、储氢材料等功能材料产量占世界总产量的70%左右,是名副其实的稀土第一生产大国和应用大国,为传统产业升级改造和战略性新兴产业的发展提供了有力支撑。主要介绍了我国稀土材料制备技术现状与发展趋势,包括稀土永磁材料、稀土发光材料、稀土催化材料、稀土储氢材料及高纯稀土材料。同时,针对备受关注的环境问题,简要介绍了我国稀土绿色制备与清洁生产技术发展现状、取得的一系列重要研究成果及发展趋势,并针对我国稀土领域发展面临的问题及挑战,提出了有利于我国稀土工业绿色健康可持续发展的对策和建议。
Rare earth is critical fundamental materials for preparing new high-tech materials,and have been honoured as"the strategic elements in the 21~(st) century". Rare earth materials are widely used and its functional materials such as rare earth magnetism,hydrogen storage,luminescence,catalysis,are listed as one of nine key materials to the implementation of building powerful manufacturing country strategy,which indicate a critical important strategic role. China produces more than 85% rare earth raw products of the world's total output,and the proportion of rare earth function materials from China such as rare earth permanent magnets,luminescent materials,hydrogen storage materials,etc. also reaches a high level about 70% of the world's total output,making it veritable the largest rare earth materials producer and application country,which provides strong support for the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries and the development of strategic emerging industries. This paper mainly introduces the current situation and the future development tendency on domestic preparation technologies of new rare earth materials,including rare-earth permanent magnet materials,rare-earth luminescence materials,rare-earth catalytic materials,rare-earth hydrogen storage materials and high purity rare-earth materials. In addition,considering the special environmental issues,the current green preparation and clean production technology for rare earth products are also briefly introduced,including some important research achievements and the future tendency in China. Finally,facing the key problems and challenges of the development of domestic rare earth industry,several countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the benefit of a greener,healthier and more sustainable rare earth industry.
Rare earth is critical fundamental materials for preparing new high-tech materials,and have been honoured as"the strategic elements in the 21~(st) century". Rare earth materials are widely used and its functional materials such as rare earth magnetism,hydrogen storage,luminescence,catalysis,are listed as one of nine key materials to the implementation of building powerful manufacturing country strategy,which indicate a critical important strategic role. China produces more than 85% rare earth raw products of the world's total output,and the proportion of rare earth function materials from China such as rare earth permanent magnets,luminescent materials,hydrogen storage materials,etc. also reaches a high level about 70% of the world's total output,making it veritable the largest rare earth materials producer and application country,which provides strong support for the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries and the development of strategic emerging industries. This paper mainly introduces the current situation and the future development tendency on domestic preparation technologies of new rare earth materials,including rare-earth permanent magnet materials,rare-earth luminescence materials,rare-earth catalytic materials,rare-earth hydrogen storage materials and high purity rare-earth materials. In addition,considering the special environmental issues,the current green preparation and clean production technology for rare earth products are also briefly introduced,including some important research achievements and the future tendency in China. Finally,facing the key problems and challenges of the development of domestic rare earth industry,several countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the benefit of a greener,healthier and more sustainable rare earth industry.
引文
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