钢铁冶炼尘两种采样方法PM_(2.5)中元素的比较研究
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摘要
通过系统随机采样法和稀释通道采样法分别对钢铁行业下载灰和烟道飞灰中7个采样点的样品进行采集,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对元素进行检测,运用分歧系数、相关样本非参数检验和曲线拟合对元素特征和含量进行比较研究.结果表明:两种方法采集到的颗粒物样品中Fe、Ca、Si、Mg、Al、K、Ti、Na和Ba元素含量较高;不同城市间不同采样方法所得元素含量总体趋势一致,但含量上存在较大差异;分歧系数结果表明两种采样方法间总体元素特征必定不相似;相关样本非参数检验和曲线拟合表明除Cr、Cs、Cu、Tl外其他元素含量存在显著性差异,通过曲线拟合对存在显著性差异的元素进行分析,可得到两种采样方法间各元素的相关关系.
Samples of seven sampling points of download ash and flue fly ash were collected by the system random sampling method and dilution channel sampling method,respectively.The elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), using coefficient of divergence, two related samples nonparametric test(Wilcoxon) and curve fitting for a comparative study of elemental characteristics and content. The results showed that the contents of Fe, Ca, Si, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Na and Ba were higher in the samples collected by the two methods; Through the comparison of the elements by the two sampling methods in this study and other cities, it is proved the overall trend of the elements is the same, but there is a big difference in the content. The results of coefficient of divergence showed that the overall elemental characteristics of the two sampling methods must not be similar; tworelated samples nonparametric test and curve fitting of samples showed significant differences in the contents of other elements except Cr, Cs, Cu, and Tl, by analyzing elements with significant differences through curve fitting, correlation between the components of the two sampling methods can be obtained.
Samples of seven sampling points of download ash and flue fly ash were collected by the system random sampling method and dilution channel sampling method,respectively.The elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), using coefficient of divergence, two related samples nonparametric test(Wilcoxon) and curve fitting for a comparative study of elemental characteristics and content. The results showed that the contents of Fe, Ca, Si, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Na and Ba were higher in the samples collected by the two methods; Through the comparison of the elements by the two sampling methods in this study and other cities, it is proved the overall trend of the elements is the same, but there is a big difference in the content. The results of coefficient of divergence showed that the overall elemental characteristics of the two sampling methods must not be similar; tworelated samples nonparametric test and curve fitting of samples showed significant differences in the contents of other elements except Cr, Cs, Cu, and Tl, by analyzing elements with significant differences through curve fitting, correlation between the components of the two sampling methods can be obtained.
引文
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[28]王攀花.基于案例教学法的教材编制研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.
[2]陈亮亮,刘养洁.世界铁矿资源分布对我国钢铁工业发展的影响[J].经济研究导刊,2010,5:35-37.
[3]李海波,刘琳,余祺,等.转炉炼钢大气污染环境评价问题探讨[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(3):424-427.
[4]刘峰.钢铁企业煤气调度与粉尘减排的不确定优化模型研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.
[5]原姝.南京:基于LEAP的中国钢铁行业能源需求与大气污染物排放分析[D].南京:东南大学,2011.
[6]马京华.钢铁企业典型生产工艺颗粒物排放特征研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[7]伯鑫,赵春丽,吴铁,等.京津冀地区钢铁行业高时空分辨率排放清单方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2554-2560.
[8]陆炳,孔少飞,韩斌,等.燃煤锅炉排放颗粒物成分谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(11):1928-1933.
[9]王毓秀,彭林,王燕,等.电厂燃煤烟尘PM2.5中化学组分特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):60-65.
[10]景毅.源成分谱替代与受体数据扩展的方法及在兰州市PM10源解析中的应用[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[11]陈添,华蕾,金蕾,等.北京市大气PM10源解析研究[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(6):59-63.
[12]夏永军,黄学敏,宋文斌,等.西安市燃煤锅炉排放颗粒物中PM2.5和PM10的组分研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(2):207-211.
[13]Zoorob G K,Mckiernan J W,Caruso J A.ICP-MS for elemental speciation studies[J].MicrochimicaActa,1998,128(3):145-168.
[14]宁增平,蓝小龙,黄正玉,等.贺江水系沉积物重金属空间分布特征、来源及潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3036-3047.
[15]NOlesik J W.Elemental analysis using ICP-OES and ICP/MS[J].Analytical Chemistry,1991,63(1):187-192.
[16]滕加泉,王唯,蒋少杰,等.常州市大气PM2.5主要排放源的成分谱研究[J].环境科技,2015,28(6):56-64.
[17]金永民.抚顺市大气颗粒物主要排放源的成分谱研究[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(2):58-61.
[18]王珍,郭军,陈卓.贵阳市PM2.5主要污染源源成分谱分析[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(2):346-351.
[19]齐堃,戴春岭,冯媛,等.石家庄市PM2.5工业源成分谱的建立及分析[J].河北工业科技,2015,32(1):78-84.
[20]Clark P J.An extension of the coefficient of divergence for use with multiple characters[J].Copeia,1952,1952(2):61-64.
[21]徐虹,林丰妹,毕晓辉,等.杭州市大气降尘与PM10化学组成特征的研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(1):1-7.
[22]吴虹,张彩艳,王静,等.青岛环境空气PM10和PM2.5污染特征与来源比较[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(6):583-589.
[23]Wongphatarakul V,Friedlander S K,Pinto J P.A comparative study of PM2.5,ambient aerosol chemical databases[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1998,29(24):115-S116.
[24]姬亚芹.城市空气颗粒物源解析土壤风沙尘成分谱研究[D].天津:南开大学,2007.
[25]刘亚勇,张文杰,白志鹏,等.我国典型燃煤源和工业过程源排放PM2.5成分谱特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(12):1859-1868.
[26]张灿,周志恩,翟崇治,等.基于重庆本地碳成分谱的PM2.5碳组分来源分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):810-819.
[27]王士宝,姬亚芹,李树立,等.天津市春季道路降尘PM2.5和PM10中的元素特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):990-996.
[28]王攀花.基于案例教学法的教材编制研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.