生物炭、木醋液对磷尾矿堆肥进程及磷活化的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨生物炭、木醋液对擦洗磷尾矿堆肥进程及磷活化的影响。【方法】采用外源添加将生物炭、木醋液与堆肥原料(锯末+麦麸)进行不同比例的替代后制备生物磷肥。【结果】生物炭木醋液混合添加,能够使堆体快速升温降温,有效缩短堆肥发酵时间,推进堆肥进程。生物炭+木醋液处理(TC)磷尾矿磷的活化率达20.89%,与生物炭处理(T)、木醋液处理(C)和空白对照(CK)相比极显著提高了3.16%、4.62%和9.99%(P<0.01)。除C处理外,TC处理后有机酸总量显著增加(P<0.05)。由有机酸种类及含量检测结果可知:高温阶段TC处理酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸含量与其他处理相比成倍增长。高温阶段随乙酸含量的增加磷的活化率有增加趋势。对堆肥的各因素进行相关分析可知:堆肥高温阶段产物速效磷含量与总有机酸极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】生物炭、木醋液混合添加优于单用,促进堆肥过程中有机酸的产生,进而提高了磷尾矿堆肥中磷的活化。
[Purpose]To explore the effects of biochar and pyroligneous on the process of composting and phosphorus activation of scrub tailings.[Methods]Bio-phosphorus fertilizer was prepared by exogenous addition of biochar, pyroligneous and compost material(sawdust+wheat bran) in different proportions.[Results]The addition of biochar and pyroligneous mixed that could increase the temperature of the heap quickly, effectively shorten the compost fermentation time, and promote the composting process. The activation rate of phosphorous tailings treated with biochar+pyroligneous(TC) increased by 3.16%, 4.62%, and 9.99% compared with biochar treatment(T), pyroligneous treatment(C) and blank control(CK), respectively. Except for pyroligneous treatment(C), the total amount of organic acids in biochar+pyroligneous treatment(TC) increased significantly(P<0.05). The contents of tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid of TC trentment in the high temperature stage increased exponentially compared with other treatments; and the activation rate of phosphorus increased with the increase of acetic acid content in the high temperature stage. Correlation analysis of various factors of composting showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the available phosphorus content and the total organic acid in the high temperature stage of compost(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The mixed addition of biochar and pyroligneous is better than single use, which promotes the production of organic acids and improves the activation of phosphorus in phosphorus tailings compost.
[Purpose]To explore the effects of biochar and pyroligneous on the process of composting and phosphorus activation of scrub tailings.[Methods]Bio-phosphorus fertilizer was prepared by exogenous addition of biochar, pyroligneous and compost material(sawdust+wheat bran) in different proportions.[Results]The addition of biochar and pyroligneous mixed that could increase the temperature of the heap quickly, effectively shorten the compost fermentation time, and promote the composting process. The activation rate of phosphorous tailings treated with biochar+pyroligneous(TC) increased by 3.16%, 4.62%, and 9.99% compared with biochar treatment(T), pyroligneous treatment(C) and blank control(CK), respectively. Except for pyroligneous treatment(C), the total amount of organic acids in biochar+pyroligneous treatment(TC) increased significantly(P<0.05). The contents of tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid of TC trentment in the high temperature stage increased exponentially compared with other treatments; and the activation rate of phosphorus increased with the increase of acetic acid content in the high temperature stage. Correlation analysis of various factors of composting showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the available phosphorus content and the total organic acid in the high temperature stage of compost(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The mixed addition of biochar and pyroligneous is better than single use, which promotes the production of organic acids and improves the activation of phosphorus in phosphorus tailings compost.
引文
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[11]程仁举,李成秀,刘星,等.一种新型胶磷矿脂肪酸类捕收剂的改性与浮选性能研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(12):24.DOI:10.13827/j.cnki.kyyk.2016.12.006.
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[16]XU Y Y,ZHENG L,LI Z.Application of pyroligneous acid in the prevention and control of brown blotch disease in Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(9):2103.DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2016.09.029.
[17]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.14585.
[18]董娟.生物质炭-木醋液复合型种衣剂的制备及其对玉米幼苗生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[19]胡春花,达布希拉图,武闻权,等.木醋液及炭醋肥对设施土壤微生物数量及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):815.DOI:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2012.04.009.
[20]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.生物炭与农业环境研究回顾与展望[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):821.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.05.001.
[21]SMEBYE A,ALLING V,VOGT R D,et al.Biochar amendment to soil changes dissolved organic matter content and composition[J].Chemosphere,2016,142(4):100.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.087.
[22]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2000.
[23]SINDHU M,ZAINUL A Z.Pyroligneous acid-the smoky acidic liquid from plant biomass[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2015,99(2):611.DOI:10.1007/s00253-014-6242-1.
[24]罗一鸣,张丽丽,吴迪梅,等.VT菌剂对规模养猪场粪便高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响[J].环境工程,2015,33(S1):610.
[25]李荣华,张广杰,张增强,等.添加木炭改善猪粪稻壳好氧堆肥工艺及质量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):230.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.16.030.
[26]张翔,张耿崚,孙倩囡,等.蘑菇培养土生物炭堆肥化利用及其对水稻生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):2036.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.10.022.
[27]闫钰,陆鑫达,李恋卿,等.秸秆热裂解木醋液成分及其对辣椒生长及品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(5):58.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2011.05.011.
[28]DOYDORA S A,CABRERA M L,DAS K C,et al.Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from poultry litter amended with acidified biochar[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2011,8(5):1491.DOI:10.3390/ijerph8051491.
[29]HALE S E,ALLING V,MARTINSEN V,et al.The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P,ammonium-Nand nitrate-N in cacao shell and corncob biochars[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(11):1612.DOI:10.1016/j.chemos phere.2012.12.057.
[30]左继超,朱俊,胡红青,等.磷-铅-柠檬酸在红壤胶体上相互作用机理初探[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):126.DOI:10.11766/trxb201301210043.
[31]苏小娟.有机酸和含磷物质对土壤铅的固定效果及其机理[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[2]黎继永,童雄,韩彬,等.磷尾矿综合利用研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2015(5):57.DOI:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2015.05.012.
[3]JIANG G J,LIU Y H,HUANG L,et al.Mechanism of lead immobilization by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rocks[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(5):919.DOI:10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60836-X.
[4]NISHANTH D,BISWAS D R.Kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3342.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.025.
[5]李玉,方文,祁光霞,等.污泥富磷堆肥前后重金属赋存形态及释放能力变化[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2786.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201711069.
[6]孔政.农业废弃物发酵对温室环境影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[7]马锋锋,赵保卫,钟金魁,等.牛粪生物炭对磷的吸附特性及其影响因素研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1156.
[8]刘永红.有机酸对磷矿粉的活化及其对溶液中铜的去除[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[9]段然,胡红青,付庆灵,等.生物炭和草酸活化磷矿粉对镉镍复合污染土壤的应用效果[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4836.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201704028.
[10]范志平,王修俊,程艳波,等.高效分解磷尾矿粉复合微生物菌剂的制备[J].河南农业科学,2013(11):72.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2013.11.005.
[11]程仁举,李成秀,刘星,等.一种新型胶磷矿脂肪酸类捕收剂的改性与浮选性能研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(12):24.DOI:10.13827/j.cnki.kyyk.2016.12.006.
[12]毛巧芝,赵忠,马希汉,等.苦杏壳木醋液抑菌活性和化学成分分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(2):164.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1298.2010.02.033.
[13]尉芹,马希汉,郑滔.核桃壳木醋液的制取、成分分析及抑菌试验[J].农业工程学报,2008(7):276.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2008.07.058.
[14]寇成,徐岩岩,等.山杏壳木醋液的精制及抑菌活性研究[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(6):64.DOI:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.06.011.
[15]邹璇,王德汉,李淑仪,等.木薯渣堆肥及其对难溶性磷的活化试验研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):81.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2010.01.017.
[16]XU Y Y,ZHENG L,LI Z.Application of pyroligneous acid in the prevention and control of brown blotch disease in Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(9):2103.DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2016.09.029.
[17]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.14585.
[18]董娟.生物质炭-木醋液复合型种衣剂的制备及其对玉米幼苗生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[19]胡春花,达布希拉图,武闻权,等.木醋液及炭醋肥对设施土壤微生物数量及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):815.DOI:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2012.04.009.
[20]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.生物炭与农业环境研究回顾与展望[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):821.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.05.001.
[21]SMEBYE A,ALLING V,VOGT R D,et al.Biochar amendment to soil changes dissolved organic matter content and composition[J].Chemosphere,2016,142(4):100.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.087.
[22]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2000.
[23]SINDHU M,ZAINUL A Z.Pyroligneous acid-the smoky acidic liquid from plant biomass[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2015,99(2):611.DOI:10.1007/s00253-014-6242-1.
[24]罗一鸣,张丽丽,吴迪梅,等.VT菌剂对规模养猪场粪便高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响[J].环境工程,2015,33(S1):610.
[25]李荣华,张广杰,张增强,等.添加木炭改善猪粪稻壳好氧堆肥工艺及质量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):230.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.16.030.
[26]张翔,张耿崚,孙倩囡,等.蘑菇培养土生物炭堆肥化利用及其对水稻生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):2036.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2014.10.022.
[27]闫钰,陆鑫达,李恋卿,等.秸秆热裂解木醋液成分及其对辣椒生长及品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(5):58.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2011.05.011.
[28]DOYDORA S A,CABRERA M L,DAS K C,et al.Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from poultry litter amended with acidified biochar[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2011,8(5):1491.DOI:10.3390/ijerph8051491.
[29]HALE S E,ALLING V,MARTINSEN V,et al.The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P,ammonium-Nand nitrate-N in cacao shell and corncob biochars[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(11):1612.DOI:10.1016/j.chemos phere.2012.12.057.
[30]左继超,朱俊,胡红青,等.磷-铅-柠檬酸在红壤胶体上相互作用机理初探[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):126.DOI:10.11766/trxb201301210043.
[31]苏小娟.有机酸和含磷物质对土壤铅的固定效果及其机理[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.