深圳典型红树林湿地重金属累积特征比较研究
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摘要
随着珠江河口地区经济的快速发展,红树林生态环境受人类的影响日益严重。红树林湿地内的重金属污染物具有不能被生物降解、残留时间长、容易通过食物链富集等特征而受到越来越多的关注。选取深圳福田红树林和宝安红树林湿地,采集0~30 cm深度的表层沉积物,并以沉积物的基本理化指标(TOC、TN、p H)以及重金属(Cd、Cu,、Zn和Pb)为研究对象,探讨深圳典型红树林湿地的重金属积累和历史污染特征。结果表明:(1)与宝安红树林湿地相比,福田红树林湿地沉积物存在较高的TOC含量(福田TOC 4.52%~7.74%>宝安TOC 2.14%~3.21%)和较低的TN含量(福田TN 0.35‰~0.55‰<宝安TN 0.77‰~1.44‰);(2)福田红树林湿地沉积物中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的质量分数分别为5.10~6.65μg·g~(-1)、75.38~92.37μg·g~(-1)、303.05~429.93μg·g~(-1)和303.05~429.93μg·g~(-1),低于宝安红树林湿地,体现出保护区管理模式对污染管控的优势;(3)聚类分析和主成分分析表明,福田红树林重金属污染主要受工业和生活污水污染共同影响,宝安红树林主要为工业污染;(4)宝安红树林湿地沉积物重金属的地质累积指数(I_(geo))值和潜在生态危害指数(RI)值均高于福田红树林湿地,表明宝安红树林湿地的重金属的生态风险高于福田红树林。福田红树林湿地中Cd的I_(geo)和E_r~i分别为4.09~4.47和765.00~997.50,存在严重的生态风险。宝安红树林湿地中的Cd和Cu均存在严重的生态风险,其中Cd的I_(geo)和E_r~i分别为4.66~4.95和1 000.00~1 392.50,Cu的I_(geo)和E_r~i分别为6.71~6.85和784.20~862.43。因此,深圳福田和宝安红树林湿地由于受到不同的人类活动的影响而具有不同的重金属污染特征。研究结果可为深圳红树林湿地重金属污染控制和修复提供科学支撑。
Concomitant with rapid economic development in the Pearl River Estuary Region is the mounting impact that industrial and domestic sewage discharge is having upon mangrove wetlands.Due to heavy metal pollution's characteristic non-biodegradability,long residual time and enrichment through the food chain,related research within mangrove sediments is surging.In this study,surface sediments with depths of 30 cm were collected in the Futian and Baoan mangrove wetlands.Physical-chemical properties(TOC,TN and p H) and heavy metal content(Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb) of sediments were determined.Also investigated were the particular ecological risks of heavy metal sediment in these mangrove wetlands.Results indicated that:(1) Compared with the Baoan mangrove,the sediment of the Futian mangrove wetland had a higher TOC level(Futian TOC level 4.52%~7.74%>Baoan TOC level 2.14%~3.21%) and a lower TN level(Futian TN level 0.35‰~0.55‰
Concomitant with rapid economic development in the Pearl River Estuary Region is the mounting impact that industrial and domestic sewage discharge is having upon mangrove wetlands.Due to heavy metal pollution's characteristic non-biodegradability,long residual time and enrichment through the food chain,related research within mangrove sediments is surging.In this study,surface sediments with depths of 30 cm were collected in the Futian and Baoan mangrove wetlands.Physical-chemical properties(TOC,TN and p H) and heavy metal content(Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb) of sediments were determined.Also investigated were the particular ecological risks of heavy metal sediment in these mangrove wetlands.Results indicated that:(1) Compared with the Baoan mangrove,the sediment of the Futian mangrove wetland had a higher TOC level(Futian TOC level 4.52%~7.74%>Baoan TOC level 2.14%~3.21%) and a lower TN level(Futian TN level 0.35‰~0.55‰
引文
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JARA-MARINI M E,SOTO-JIMENEZ M F,PAEZ-OSUNA F.2008.Bulk and bioavailable heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn)in surface sediments from Mazatlan Harbor(SE Gulf of California)[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,80(2):150-153.
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LAWRENCE A L,MASON R P.2001.Factors controlling the bioaccumulation of mercury and methylmercury by the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus[J].Environmental Pollution,111(2):217-231.
LI Q S,WU Z F,CHU B,et al.2007.Heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Environmental Pollution,149(2):158-164.
LI R Y,LI R L,CHAI M W,et al.2015.Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in Futian mangrove forest sediment in Shenzhen Bay,South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,101(1):448-456.
LI X,YEH A,LIU K,et al.2006.Inventory of mangrove wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary of China using remote sensing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,16(2):155-164.
MAI B X,CHEN S J,LUO X J,et al.2005.Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments of the Pearl River Delta and adjacent South China Sea[J].Environmental Science and Technology,39(10):3521-3527.
MULLER G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geological Journal,2(3):108-118.
PAN K,WANG W X.2012.Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,421-422:3-16.
TAM N F Y,WONG Y S.2000.Spatial variation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hong Kong mangrove swamps[J].Environmental Pollution,110(2):195-205.
TAM N,WONG Y S.1997.Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in a simulated mangrove system treated with sewage[J].Hydrobiologia,352(1):67-75.
VANE C H,HARRISON I,KIM A W,et al.2009.Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,58(1):134-144.
WANG Y T,QIU Q,XIN G R,et al.2013.Heavy metal contamination in a vulnerable mangrove swamp in South China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,185(7):5775-5787.
WU Q H,TAM N F Y,LEUNG J Y S.2014.Ecological risk and pollution history of heavy metals in Nansha mangrove,South China[J].Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety,104:143-151.
WU Q H,ZHOU H C,TAM F Y,et al.2016.Contamination,toxicity and speciation of heavy metals in an industrialized urban river:Implications for the dispersal of heavy metals[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,104(1-2):153-161.
ZHOU Y W,ZHAO B,PENG YS,et al.2010.Influence of mangrove reforestation on heavy metal accumulation and speciation in intertidal sediments[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,60(8):1319-1324.
陈耿,伍卡兰,黄雄飞,等.2009.红树林沉积物中痕量多氯联苯的分析方法[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),48(3):116-121.
陈静生,周家义.1992.中国水环境重金属研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:168-170.
戴纪翠,高晓薇,倪晋仁,等.2010.深圳河流沉积物中重金属累积特征及污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,33(4):170-175.
但新球,廖宝文,吴照柏,等.2016.中国红树林湿地资源、保护现状和主要威胁[J].生态环境学报,25(7):1237-1243.
邓利,张慧敏,劳大荣,等.2014.福田红树林自然保护区沉积物重金属污染现状及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,33(6):947-953.
高时友,陈荣力,吴小明,等.2007.深圳凤塘河河口生态恢复工程水动力学试验研究[J].广东水利水电,(6):13-15.
龚亚龙,黄聪,黄雷,等.2016.茅洲河流域表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):35-39.
贺蓓,李瑞利,柴民伟,等.2015.深圳湾红树林沉积物-植物体系汞的分布规律和形态分配特征[J].生态环境学报,24(3):469-475.
黄小平,李向东,岳维忠,等.2003.深圳湾沉积物中重金属污染累积过程[J].环境科学,24(4):144-149.
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