香栓菌的驯化栽培及生物学发育特征
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摘要
为了筛选香栓菌Trametes suaveolens的最佳出菇配方,同时对子实体不同生长阶段的生物学发育特征进行研究。本文用杨树、柳树、秸秆木屑作为培养料设置了8种配比,每种分为对照A、测试组B共计16个配方进行筛选,对不同时期的菌丝发育状况进行显微观察。结果柳树木屑、杨树木屑的配方均能成功栽培出香栓菌子实体,开袋后在90%–95%空气湿度、一定散射光、13–18℃的低温刺激下28d原基发育为菇蕾,继续培养28d后子实体成熟。其中配料为柳树木屑97%、蔗糖1%、石灰1%、石膏1%、含水量65%左右的配方出菇率最高,配料为柳树木屑的配方开袋后子实体长势最佳,采用边缘开袋方式最佳。子实体发育过程中,先分化出白色蜂窝状原基,原基依靠孔状结构吸收营养后,在其上层包被形成黑色菇蕾,同时基部开始形成子实层;菇蕾内部生殖菌丝不断分化和发育,体积逐渐膨大,颜色由深变浅,菌丝分化出担子并产生担孢子,最终形成子实体。
The best cultivated formula of Trametes suaveolens was screened, and biological characteristics of different growth stages of the fruiting bodies were studied. Eight kinds of sawdust mixing ratios were selected using poplar and willow wood, and straw as material. Eight formulas were screened. Control group(A) and tested group(B) were set up for each formula. Each development stage of fruiting bodies was observed microscopically. The results indicated that Trametes suaveolens can successfully produce fruiting body on the media of willow and poplar wood sawdust. It took 28 days to form plumelet and 32 days to form matured fruiting bodies under the temperature of 13–18°C, humidity of 90%–95% and illumination of astigmatism. The ingredient for highest fruiting was willow sawdust 97%, sucrose 1%, lime 1% and gypsum 1%, and maintenance of moisture content of 65%. During development of fruiting body, the white honeycomb-like primordium was first differentiated. Primordium depended on the pore structure to absorb nutrients, and then the upper layer of primedium cuticle differentiated to black plumelet, and the hymenium formed from the base of honeycomb structure. The internal generative hyphae of plumelet were constantly growing and finally young fruiting body formed with color changed from deep to light. The hyphae differentiated into basidia and basidiospores, and finally fruiting body formed.
The best cultivated formula of Trametes suaveolens was screened, and biological characteristics of different growth stages of the fruiting bodies were studied. Eight kinds of sawdust mixing ratios were selected using poplar and willow wood, and straw as material. Eight formulas were screened. Control group(A) and tested group(B) were set up for each formula. Each development stage of fruiting bodies was observed microscopically. The results indicated that Trametes suaveolens can successfully produce fruiting body on the media of willow and poplar wood sawdust. It took 28 days to form plumelet and 32 days to form matured fruiting bodies under the temperature of 13–18°C, humidity of 90%–95% and illumination of astigmatism. The ingredient for highest fruiting was willow sawdust 97%, sucrose 1%, lime 1% and gypsum 1%, and maintenance of moisture content of 65%. During development of fruiting body, the white honeycomb-like primordium was first differentiated. Primordium depended on the pore structure to absorb nutrients, and then the upper layer of primedium cuticle differentiated to black plumelet, and the hymenium formed from the base of honeycomb structure. The internal generative hyphae of plumelet were constantly growing and finally young fruiting body formed with color changed from deep to light. The hyphae differentiated into basidia and basidiospores, and finally fruiting body formed.
引文
Cheng GH,An XY,Wang X,Zhang B,Li Y,2018.Cultural characteristics and domestic cultivation of Polyporus tuberaster.Mycosystema,37(6):712-721(in Chinese)
Dai YC,2009.A checklist of polypores in China.Mycosystema,28(3):315-327(in Chinese)
Dai YC 2010.Species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Northeast China.Mycosystema,29:801-818(in Chinese)
Dai YC,2012.Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores.Mycoscience,53:49-80
Dai YC,2012.Pathogenic wood-decaying fungi on woody plants in China.Mycosystema,31:493-509(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Qin GF,Xu MQ,2000.The forest pathogens of root and butt rot in Northeast China.Forest Research,13:15-22(in Chinese)
Gao Y,Li Y,2013.Selected biological characteristics and artificial cultivation of Polyporus brumalis.Acta Edulis Fungi,20(2):25-27(in Chinese)
Hou RH,Liao ST,2009.Research development of the artificial culitivation of Ganoderma lucidum in China.Guangdong Agricultural Science,2009(11):29-32(in Chinese)
Li HJ,2013.Taxonomy and phylogeny of Trametes and related genere in China.Master Thesis,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing.47-49(in Chinese)
Li SZ,2004.Compendium of material medica in Ming dynasty.People′s Medical Publishing House,Beijing.1708-1712(in Chinese)
Li Y,Bau T,Li CT,2011.Mycological resources.China Agricultural Press,Beijing.1-86(in Chinese)
Li Y,Li TH,Yang ZL,Bau T,Dai YC,2015.Resource mapping of larger fungi in China.Zhong Yuan Farmers Press,Zhengzhou.663(in Chinese)
Lu T,Bau T,2013.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild medicinal mushroom Perenniporia fraxinea.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(17):5194-5200(in Chinese)
Su J,2004.New herbal medicine in Tang dynasty.Anhui Science and Technology Press,Hefei.83-84(in Chinese)
Tang SW,2011.Syndrome materia medica in Northern Song dynasty.China Medical Science Press,Beijing.187-188(in Chinese)
Wang J,Wang HX,Ng TB,2007.A peptide with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity from the medicinal mushroom Russula paludosa.Peptides,28(3):560-565
Wang JR,Bau T,Liu Y,Lu T,2014.Biological characteristics of wild medicinal mushroom Naematoloma fasciculare.Journal of Fungal Research,12(1):36-40(in Chinese)
Wang T,Bao HY,Bau T,Li Y,2016.Biological characteristics and cultivation of Inonotus hispidus parasitizing Ulmus macrocarpa var.mongolica.Mycosystema,35(6):694-704(in Chinese)
Zhang L,Xia JL,Qian DZ,Liu J,Gao XY,Bao HY,2019.Biological characteristics and GC-MS analysis of Funalia trogii at different growth periods.Journal of Northwest A&F University,47(1):1-8(in Chinese)
Zhang SF,Zhao Y,Wang WR,Yuan JM,Li YX,Li Q,Han PY,2018.Effect of cultivation medium on organic matter and yield of mushroom.Journal of Agriculture,8(2):47-50(in Chinese)
Zhao Y,Bao HY,Bau T,Li Y,2016.Textural research of“Baizhi”.Journal of Fungal Research,16(1):57-62(in Chinese)
Zhao Y,Bao HY,Yan J,Yang S,Bau T,Li Y,2018.Effects of relieving cough and sputum and anti-hypoxia activities of Trametes suaveolens extract.Mycosystema,37(8):1-12(in Chinese)
Zhang XY,2018.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild edible mushroom Auricularia villosula.Kyushu University Institutional Repository,63(1):5-14
Zhuang MY,1992.Study on polysaccharide from Trametes fragilis.Natural Product Research and Development,4(4):8-12(in Chinese)
程国辉,安小亚,王旭,张波,李玉,2018.菌核多孔菌培养特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报,37(6):712-721
戴玉成,2009.中国多孔菌名录.菌物学报,28(3):315-327
戴玉成,2010.中国东北地区木材腐朽菌的多样性.菌物学报,29:801-818
戴玉成,2012.中国木本植物病原木材腐朽菌研究.菌物学报,31:493-509
戴玉成,秦国夫,徐梅卿,2000.中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌.林业科学研究,13:15-22
高源,李玉,2013.冬生多孔菌生物学特性及驯化.食用菌学报,20(2):25-27
侯瑞宏,廖深泰,2009.我国灵芝人工栽培研究进展.广东农业科学,2009(11):29-32
李海蛟,2013.中国栓孔菌属及近缘属的分类与系统发育研究.北京林业大学硕士论文,北京.47-49
李时珍,2004.明代本草纲目菜部.北京:人民卫生出版社.1708-1712
李玉,图力古尔,李长田,2011.菌物资源学.北京:中国农业出版社.86
李玉,李泰辉,杨祝良,图力古尔,戴玉成,2015.中国大型菌物资源图鉴.河南:中原农民出版社.663
鲁铁,图力古尔,2013.白蜡多年卧孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培.生态学报,33(17):5194-5200
苏敬,2004.唐代新修本草.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.83-84
唐慎微,2011.北宋证类本草.北京:中国医药科技出版社.187-188
王建瑞,图力古尔,刘宇,鲁铁,2014.簇生沿丝伞的生物学特性.菌物研究,12(1):36-40
王婷,包海鹰,图力古尔,李玉,2016.寄生于蒙古黄榆上的粗毛纤孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报,35(6):694-704
张亮,夏佳乐,钱丹珠,刘佳,高雪阳,包海鹰,2019.硬毛粗盖孔菌生物学发育特征及其GC-MS分析.西北农林科技大学学报,47(1):1-8
张锁峰,赵毅,王伟仁,原佳敏,李云霞,李青,韩鹏远,2018.不同栽培基质对香菇有机质和产量的影响.农学学报,8(2):47-50
赵宇,包海鹰,图力古尔,李玉,2016.白芝的本草考证.菌物研究,16(1):57-62
赵宇,包海鹰,闫俊,杨烁,图力古尔,李玉,2018.香栓菌提取物的止咳化痰作用及耐缺氧药理活性研究.菌物学报,37(8):1-12
庄名扬,1992.香栓菌多糖的研究.天然产物研究与开发,4(4):8-12
Dai YC,2009.A checklist of polypores in China.Mycosystema,28(3):315-327(in Chinese)
Dai YC 2010.Species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Northeast China.Mycosystema,29:801-818(in Chinese)
Dai YC,2012.Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores.Mycoscience,53:49-80
Dai YC,2012.Pathogenic wood-decaying fungi on woody plants in China.Mycosystema,31:493-509(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Qin GF,Xu MQ,2000.The forest pathogens of root and butt rot in Northeast China.Forest Research,13:15-22(in Chinese)
Gao Y,Li Y,2013.Selected biological characteristics and artificial cultivation of Polyporus brumalis.Acta Edulis Fungi,20(2):25-27(in Chinese)
Hou RH,Liao ST,2009.Research development of the artificial culitivation of Ganoderma lucidum in China.Guangdong Agricultural Science,2009(11):29-32(in Chinese)
Li HJ,2013.Taxonomy and phylogeny of Trametes and related genere in China.Master Thesis,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing.47-49(in Chinese)
Li SZ,2004.Compendium of material medica in Ming dynasty.People′s Medical Publishing House,Beijing.1708-1712(in Chinese)
Li Y,Bau T,Li CT,2011.Mycological resources.China Agricultural Press,Beijing.1-86(in Chinese)
Li Y,Li TH,Yang ZL,Bau T,Dai YC,2015.Resource mapping of larger fungi in China.Zhong Yuan Farmers Press,Zhengzhou.663(in Chinese)
Lu T,Bau T,2013.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild medicinal mushroom Perenniporia fraxinea.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(17):5194-5200(in Chinese)
Su J,2004.New herbal medicine in Tang dynasty.Anhui Science and Technology Press,Hefei.83-84(in Chinese)
Tang SW,2011.Syndrome materia medica in Northern Song dynasty.China Medical Science Press,Beijing.187-188(in Chinese)
Wang J,Wang HX,Ng TB,2007.A peptide with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity from the medicinal mushroom Russula paludosa.Peptides,28(3):560-565
Wang JR,Bau T,Liu Y,Lu T,2014.Biological characteristics of wild medicinal mushroom Naematoloma fasciculare.Journal of Fungal Research,12(1):36-40(in Chinese)
Wang T,Bao HY,Bau T,Li Y,2016.Biological characteristics and cultivation of Inonotus hispidus parasitizing Ulmus macrocarpa var.mongolica.Mycosystema,35(6):694-704(in Chinese)
Zhang L,Xia JL,Qian DZ,Liu J,Gao XY,Bao HY,2019.Biological characteristics and GC-MS analysis of Funalia trogii at different growth periods.Journal of Northwest A&F University,47(1):1-8(in Chinese)
Zhang SF,Zhao Y,Wang WR,Yuan JM,Li YX,Li Q,Han PY,2018.Effect of cultivation medium on organic matter and yield of mushroom.Journal of Agriculture,8(2):47-50(in Chinese)
Zhao Y,Bao HY,Bau T,Li Y,2016.Textural research of“Baizhi”.Journal of Fungal Research,16(1):57-62(in Chinese)
Zhao Y,Bao HY,Yan J,Yang S,Bau T,Li Y,2018.Effects of relieving cough and sputum and anti-hypoxia activities of Trametes suaveolens extract.Mycosystema,37(8):1-12(in Chinese)
Zhang XY,2018.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild edible mushroom Auricularia villosula.Kyushu University Institutional Repository,63(1):5-14
Zhuang MY,1992.Study on polysaccharide from Trametes fragilis.Natural Product Research and Development,4(4):8-12(in Chinese)
程国辉,安小亚,王旭,张波,李玉,2018.菌核多孔菌培养特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报,37(6):712-721
戴玉成,2009.中国多孔菌名录.菌物学报,28(3):315-327
戴玉成,2010.中国东北地区木材腐朽菌的多样性.菌物学报,29:801-818
戴玉成,2012.中国木本植物病原木材腐朽菌研究.菌物学报,31:493-509
戴玉成,秦国夫,徐梅卿,2000.中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌.林业科学研究,13:15-22
高源,李玉,2013.冬生多孔菌生物学特性及驯化.食用菌学报,20(2):25-27
侯瑞宏,廖深泰,2009.我国灵芝人工栽培研究进展.广东农业科学,2009(11):29-32
李海蛟,2013.中国栓孔菌属及近缘属的分类与系统发育研究.北京林业大学硕士论文,北京.47-49
李时珍,2004.明代本草纲目菜部.北京:人民卫生出版社.1708-1712
李玉,图力古尔,李长田,2011.菌物资源学.北京:中国农业出版社.86
李玉,李泰辉,杨祝良,图力古尔,戴玉成,2015.中国大型菌物资源图鉴.河南:中原农民出版社.663
鲁铁,图力古尔,2013.白蜡多年卧孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培.生态学报,33(17):5194-5200
苏敬,2004.唐代新修本草.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.83-84
唐慎微,2011.北宋证类本草.北京:中国医药科技出版社.187-188
王建瑞,图力古尔,刘宇,鲁铁,2014.簇生沿丝伞的生物学特性.菌物研究,12(1):36-40
王婷,包海鹰,图力古尔,李玉,2016.寄生于蒙古黄榆上的粗毛纤孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报,35(6):694-704
张亮,夏佳乐,钱丹珠,刘佳,高雪阳,包海鹰,2019.硬毛粗盖孔菌生物学发育特征及其GC-MS分析.西北农林科技大学学报,47(1):1-8
张锁峰,赵毅,王伟仁,原佳敏,李云霞,李青,韩鹏远,2018.不同栽培基质对香菇有机质和产量的影响.农学学报,8(2):47-50
赵宇,包海鹰,图力古尔,李玉,2016.白芝的本草考证.菌物研究,16(1):57-62
赵宇,包海鹰,闫俊,杨烁,图力古尔,李玉,2018.香栓菌提取物的止咳化痰作用及耐缺氧药理活性研究.菌物学报,37(8):1-12
庄名扬,1992.香栓菌多糖的研究.天然产物研究与开发,4(4):8-12