中国南北过渡带土壤差异化试验研究
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摘要
通过对中国南北过渡带的山地土壤开展液塑限试验和室内直剪试验,分析了过渡带山地土壤液塑限及抗剪强度的变化规律.试验结果表明:(1)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤液限、液性指数和塑性指数逐渐减小,塑限逐渐增加,土体从可塑状态向坚硬状态转化;(2)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤抗剪强度逐渐减小,随着土样含水率的增大,A、B、C 3类土试样的抗剪强度差异逐渐增大;(3)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤粘聚力逐渐减小,随着土试样含水率的增大,A、B、C 3类土试样的粘聚力逐渐减小;(4)随着土试样含水率的增大,除C类土试样的内摩擦角逐渐减小外,A、B类土试样的内摩擦角基本不变.
According to experimental research on liquid and plastic limit and shear strength of soil in north-south transition zone of china,the variation of liquid and plastic limit and shear strength of soil in north-south transition zone of china were analyzed by using laboratory test.The results show that the liquid limit,liquidity index and plasticity index of soil decrease from north to south in north-south transition zone of china,whereas the plastic limit of soil increases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.Moreover,the plastic state of soil is gradually transformed into hard state.The shear strength of soil decreases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.The differentiation of the shear strength for three types of soils increases with the increase of moisture content.The cohesion of soil decreases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.The differentiation of cohesion for the three types of soils increases with the increase of moisture content.The friction angle of soil exhibits almost no variation with increasing moisture content except the soil type for C.
According to experimental research on liquid and plastic limit and shear strength of soil in north-south transition zone of china,the variation of liquid and plastic limit and shear strength of soil in north-south transition zone of china were analyzed by using laboratory test.The results show that the liquid limit,liquidity index and plasticity index of soil decrease from north to south in north-south transition zone of china,whereas the plastic limit of soil increases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.Moreover,the plastic state of soil is gradually transformed into hard state.The shear strength of soil decreases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.The differentiation of the shear strength for three types of soils increases with the increase of moisture content.The cohesion of soil decreases from north to south in north-south transition zone of china.The differentiation of cohesion for the three types of soils increases with the increase of moisture content.The friction angle of soil exhibits almost no variation with increasing moisture content except the soil type for C.
引文
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[12]李栋科,丁圣彦,梁国付,等.基于移动窗口法的豫西山地丘陵地区景观异质性分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3414-3424.LI D K,DING S Y,LIANG G F,et al.Landscape heterogeneity of mountainous and hilly area in the Western Henan Province based on moving window method[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3414-3424.
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[14]董宁宁,李哲,侯琳,等.秦岭山地华山松和锐齿栎典型林分化学计量特征分析[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(3):81-87.DONG N N,LI Z,HOU L,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of pinus armandii and quercus aliena var.acuteserrata stands in the Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Southwest Foresty University(Natural Science),2017,37(3):81-87.
[15]李哲,董宁宁,侯琳,等.秦岭山地不同龄组锐齿栎林土壤和枯落物有机碳、全氮特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):127-132.LI Z,DONG N N,HOU L,et al.Characteristics of soil and litter organic carbon and total nitrogen in different age groups of quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forests in the Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2017,37(12):127-132.
[16]陈超男,朱连奇,田莉,等.秦巴山区植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析[J].生态学报,2019,39(9):1-9.CHEN C N,ZHU L Q,TIAN L,et al.Spatial-temporal changes in vegetation characteristics and climate in the Qinling-Daba Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(9):1-9.
[17]邝生舜.河南山地植被的垂直分布规律[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1991,19(1):91-96.KUANG S S.The vertical zonation of mountatin vertation in Henan[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),1991,19(1):91-96.
[18]丁圣彦,卢训令.伏牛山和鸡公山自然保护区植物区系比较[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):62-70.DING S Y,LU X L.Comparison of plant flora of Funiumountain and Jigong Mountain Natural Reserves[J].Geographical Research,2006,25(1):62-70.
[19]廖秉华,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山北坡植物功能群组成沿海拔梯度的动态变化[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(6):618-621.LIAO B H,HU N,DING S Y,et al.Dynamics of plant functional groups along altitudinal gradient on the northern slope of Funiu Mountain[J].Journal of Henan Univer sity(Natural Science),2008,38(6):618-621.
[20]卢训令,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区物种多样性分布格局[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5790-5798.LU X L,HU N,DING S Y,et al.The pattern of plant species diversity of Funiu Mountain nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(21):5790-5798.
[21]张静静,王岩松,朱连奇.近50年来豫西山地亚热带北界变化分析[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(1):1-11.ZHANG J J,WANG Y S,ZHU L Q.Study on change of northern subtropical border in mountainous regions in Western Henna Province[J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science),2016,46(1):1-11.
[22]朱连奇,冯文峰,朱文博.土壤侵蚀研究中“3S”技术应用进展[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6):57-62ZHU L Q,FENG W F,ZHU W B.Progress of“3S”technique application in soil erosion study[J].Progress in Geography,2008,27(6):57-62
[23]朱连奇,钱乐祥,刘静玉,等.山区农业土地利用模式的设计[J].地理研究,2004,23(4):478-486.ZHU L Q,QIAN L X,LIU J Y,et al.Study on the models of agricultural land use in mountainous area[J].Geographical Research,2004,23(4):478-486.
[24]朱连奇,许立民.全球变化对陆地生态系统的影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(2):161-165.ZHU L Q,XU L M.Analysis of effects of global change on terrestrial ecosystem[J].Areal Research and Development,2011,30(2):161-165.
[25]朱鹤健.土壤地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.ZHU H J.Soil geography(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[26]HEITKAMP F,SYLVESTER S P,KESSLER M,et al.Inaccessible andean sites reveal human-induced weathering in grazed soils[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2014,38(5):576-601.
[27]王为,李小昱,王转卫.农业土壤抗剪强度的试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):125-127.WANG W,LI X Y,WANG Z W.An experimental study on the resistance to shear of agricultural soil[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):125-127.
[2]陈志超,蔡太义,郝成元,等.伏牛山森林土壤理化性质空间分异特征[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(7):1140-1144.CHEN Z C,CAI T Y,HAO C Y,et al.Spatial variation of soil physicochemical properties in Funiu Mountain[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2013,44(7):1140-1144.
[3]胡楠,范玉龙,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统乔木植物功能型分类[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1104-1115.HU N,FAN Y L,DING S Y,et al.Classification of plant functional types based on dominant tree species in the forest ecosystem at Funiu Mountain National Reserve,East China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(5):1104-1115.
[4]李双双,延军平,杨赛霓,等.1960-2016年秦岭-淮河地区热浪时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(4):504-514.LI S S,YAN J P,YANG S N,et al.Spatiotemporal variability of heat waves and influencing factors in the Qinling-Huaihe Region,1960-2016[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(4):504-514.
[5]李双双,杨赛霓,刘宪锋.1960-2013年秦岭-淮河南北极端降水时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(3):354-363.LI S S,YANG S Y,LIU X F.Spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation in north and south of the Qinling-Huaihe region and influencing factors during 1960-2013[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(3):354-363.
[6]彭舜磊,闫小婷,齐光,等.伏牛山栓皮栎群落优势种群种间关联动态分析[J].森林与环境学报,2018,38(3):326-333.PENG S L,YAN X T,QI G,et al.Interspecific association dynamic changes among the dominant species of quercus variabilis community in Funiushan National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2018,38(3):326-333.
[7]李良厚,杨红震,王晶,等.伏牛山北坡栎类次生林植物种类结构研究[J].河南科学,2017,35(10):1592-1596.LI L H,YANG H Z,WANG J,et al.Plant species structure of quercus secondary forest in north slope of Funiu Mountain[J].Henan Science,2017,35(10):1592-1596.
[8]范玉龙,刘慧敏,胡楠,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统植物功能群光合特性[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4609-4616.FAN Y L,LIU H M,HU N,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of plant functional groups in forest ecosystem at the National Natural Reserve of Funiu MountainJ].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(15):4609-4616.
[9]WANG S H,LIU M N,WANG X Z,et al.Protection and quality control of wild chinese herbal medicine resources in Nature Reserves by taking longyuwan scenic spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English edition),2016,23(3):90-96.
[10]张静静,郑辉,朱连奇,等.豫西山地植被NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):765-778.ZHANG J J,ZHENG H,ZHU L Q,et al.Multi-dimensional changes of vegetation NDVI and its response to climate in Western Henan Mountains[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(4):765-778.
[11]张静静,刘亚亭,朱连奇.2000-2014年豫西山地植被NDVI时空变化特征分析[J].河南科学,2015,33(8):1440-1445.ZHANG J J,LIU Y T,ZHU L Q.Spatial and temporal characteristics of NDVI in mountainous vegetations in Western Henan during 2000-2014[J].Henan Science,2015,33(8):1440-1445.
[12]李栋科,丁圣彦,梁国付,等.基于移动窗口法的豫西山地丘陵地区景观异质性分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3414-3424.LI D K,DING S Y,LIANG G F,et al.Landscape heterogeneity of mountainous and hilly area in the Western Henan Province based on moving window method[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3414-3424.
[13]陈倩,陈杰,钟娇娇,等.秦岭山地油松天然次生林灌木层主要种群种间联结性与功能群划分[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1736-1744.CHEN Q,CHEN J,ZHONG J J,et al.Interspecific association and functional group classification of the dominant populations in shrub layer in secondary forest of Pinus tabuliformis in Qinling Mountain,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(6):1736-1744.
[14]董宁宁,李哲,侯琳,等.秦岭山地华山松和锐齿栎典型林分化学计量特征分析[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(3):81-87.DONG N N,LI Z,HOU L,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of pinus armandii and quercus aliena var.acuteserrata stands in the Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Southwest Foresty University(Natural Science),2017,37(3):81-87.
[15]李哲,董宁宁,侯琳,等.秦岭山地不同龄组锐齿栎林土壤和枯落物有机碳、全氮特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):127-132.LI Z,DONG N N,HOU L,et al.Characteristics of soil and litter organic carbon and total nitrogen in different age groups of quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forests in the Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2017,37(12):127-132.
[16]陈超男,朱连奇,田莉,等.秦巴山区植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析[J].生态学报,2019,39(9):1-9.CHEN C N,ZHU L Q,TIAN L,et al.Spatial-temporal changes in vegetation characteristics and climate in the Qinling-Daba Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(9):1-9.
[17]邝生舜.河南山地植被的垂直分布规律[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1991,19(1):91-96.KUANG S S.The vertical zonation of mountatin vertation in Henan[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),1991,19(1):91-96.
[18]丁圣彦,卢训令.伏牛山和鸡公山自然保护区植物区系比较[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):62-70.DING S Y,LU X L.Comparison of plant flora of Funiumountain and Jigong Mountain Natural Reserves[J].Geographical Research,2006,25(1):62-70.
[19]廖秉华,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山北坡植物功能群组成沿海拔梯度的动态变化[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(6):618-621.LIAO B H,HU N,DING S Y,et al.Dynamics of plant functional groups along altitudinal gradient on the northern slope of Funiu Mountain[J].Journal of Henan Univer sity(Natural Science),2008,38(6):618-621.
[20]卢训令,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区物种多样性分布格局[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5790-5798.LU X L,HU N,DING S Y,et al.The pattern of plant species diversity of Funiu Mountain nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(21):5790-5798.
[21]张静静,王岩松,朱连奇.近50年来豫西山地亚热带北界变化分析[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(1):1-11.ZHANG J J,WANG Y S,ZHU L Q.Study on change of northern subtropical border in mountainous regions in Western Henna Province[J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science),2016,46(1):1-11.
[22]朱连奇,冯文峰,朱文博.土壤侵蚀研究中“3S”技术应用进展[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6):57-62ZHU L Q,FENG W F,ZHU W B.Progress of“3S”technique application in soil erosion study[J].Progress in Geography,2008,27(6):57-62
[23]朱连奇,钱乐祥,刘静玉,等.山区农业土地利用模式的设计[J].地理研究,2004,23(4):478-486.ZHU L Q,QIAN L X,LIU J Y,et al.Study on the models of agricultural land use in mountainous area[J].Geographical Research,2004,23(4):478-486.
[24]朱连奇,许立民.全球变化对陆地生态系统的影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(2):161-165.ZHU L Q,XU L M.Analysis of effects of global change on terrestrial ecosystem[J].Areal Research and Development,2011,30(2):161-165.
[25]朱鹤健.土壤地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.ZHU H J.Soil geography(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[26]HEITKAMP F,SYLVESTER S P,KESSLER M,et al.Inaccessible andean sites reveal human-induced weathering in grazed soils[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2014,38(5):576-601.
[27]王为,李小昱,王转卫.农业土壤抗剪强度的试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):125-127.WANG W,LI X Y,WANG Z W.An experimental study on the resistance to shear of agricultural soil[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):125-127.