2013年4月20日芦山(中国)M_S7.0地震可能的热红外亮温异常分析
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摘要
2013年4月20日在中国四川省雅安市芦山县发生了M_S7.0地震,造成196人死亡,23人失踪,12 000多人受伤。为了分析芦山地震前可能与地震有关的热红外亮温异常,搜集了区域(25°N～35°N,98°E～108°E)范围内,2011年6月1日至2013年5月31日时间段内,中国静止气象卫星FY-2E观测的地表亮温资料。使用在时域和频域分辨率都很好的连续小波变换方法分析相对功率谱亮温数据,得到了分析区域内亮温相对功率谱的时空演化过程。结果显示,相对小波功率谱异常出现在2013年1月24日到4月19日。异常首次出现在龙门山断裂带中段区域,然后逐渐朝着龙门山断裂带西南方向扩展;从3月1日开始沿鲜水河断裂带也开始出现异常;最终,异常聚集在龙门山断裂和鲜水河断裂的交会区域。随着异常的出现,异常区域和相对小波功率谱振幅逐渐增大,在3月下旬异常区域和异常振幅达到最大。随着地震的临近,异常振幅和空间区域逐渐减小,最终地震发生在异常区域的东南边缘。芦山地震是在此期间异常区域仅有的显著地质事件,因此认为,热红外相对小波功率谱的异常变化可能与芦山地震是有关联的。
引文
Aliano C,Corrado R,Filizzola C,Genzano N,Pergola N,Tramutoli V(2008)Robust TIR satellite techniques for monitoring earthquake active regions:limits,main achievements and perspectives.Ann Geophys 51:3030-3317
Asteriadis G,Livieratos E(1989)Pre-seismic responses of underground water level and temperature concerning a 4.8 magnitude earthquake in Greece on October 20,1988.Tectonophysics170:165-169
Blackett M,Wooster MJ,Malamud BD(2011)Exploring land surface temperature earthquake precursors:a focus on the Gujarat(India)earthquake of 2001.Geophys Res Lett 38:L15303.doi:10.1029/2011GL048282
Carreno E,Capote R,Yague A,Tordesillas JM,Lopez MM,Ardizone J,Suarez A,Lzquierdo A,Tsige M,Martinez J,Insua JM(2001)Observations of thermal anomaly associated to seismic activity from remote sensing.General Assembly of European Seismology Commission,Portugal,pp 265-269
Chen LC,Wang H,Ran YK,Sun XZ,Su GW,Wang J,Tan XB,Li ZM,Zhang XQ(2010)The MS7.1Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and historical earthquakes.Chin Sci Bull 55:1200-1205
Cicerone RD,Ebel JE,Britton J(2009)A systematic compilation of earthquake precursors.Tectonophysics 476:371-396
Deng QD,Zhang PZ,Ran YK,Yang XP,Min W,Chu QZ(2003)Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China.Sci Chin 46:356-372
Dey S,Singh RP(2003)Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 3:749-755
Farge M(1992)Wavelet transform and their applications to turbulence.Annu Rev Fluid Mech 24:395-458
Filizzola C,Pergola N,Pietrapertosa C,Tramutoli V(2004)Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas monitoring:a sensitivity analysis on September 7,1999Athenss earthquake.Phys Chem Earth 29:517-527
Genzano N,Aliano C,Filizzola C,Pergola N,Tramutoli V(2007)A robust satellite technique for monitoring seismically active areas:the case of Bhuj-Gujarat earthquake.Tecnotophysics 431:197-210
Gorny VI,Salman AG,Tronin AA,Shilin BV(1988)The earths outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity.Proc Acad Sci USSR301:67-69
Kumar P,Foufoula E(1997)Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications.Rev Geophy 35:385-412
Lachenbruch AH,Sass JH(1992)Heat flow from Cajon Pass,fault strength and tectonic implications.J Geophys Res 97:4995-5015
Lisi M,Filizzola C,Genzano N,Grimaldi CSL,Lacava T,Marchese F,Mazzeo G,Pergola N,Tramutoli V(2010)A study on the Abruzzo 6April 2009earthquake by applying the RST approach to 15years of AVHRR TIR observations.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:395-406
Ma J,Wang YP,Chen SY,Liu PX,Liu LQ(2005)The relations between thermal infrared information and fault activities.Prog Nat Sci 15:1467-1475
Ma WY,Wang H,Li FS,Ma WM(2012)Relation between the celestial tide-generating stress and the temperature variations of the Abruzzo M=6.3earthquake in April 2009.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:819-827
Mei SR,Feng DY(1993)Introduction to earthquake prediction in China.Seismological Press,Beijing,pp 241-262
Ouzounov D,Freund F(2004)Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data.Adv Space Res 33:268-273
Ouzounov D,Liu D,Kang C,Cervone G,Kafatos M,Taylor P(2007)Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes.Tectonophysics 431:211-220
Qin K,Wu LX,Santis AD,Wang H(2011)Surface latent heat flux anomalies before the MS=7.1New Zealand earthquake 2010.Chin Sci Bull 56:3273-3280
Qin K,Wu LX,Zheng S,Liu SJ(2013)A deviationtime-space-thermal(DTS-T)method for global earth observation system of systems(GEOSS)-based earthquake anomaly recognition:criterions and quantify indices.Remote Sens 5:5143-5151
Saraf AK,Choudhury S(2005)NOAA-AVHRR detects thermal anomaly associated with the 26January 2001 Bhuj earthquake,Gujarat,India.Int J Remote Sens 26:1065-1073
Thomas D(1988)Geochemical precursors to seismic activity.Pure Appl Geophys 126:241-266
Torrence C,Compo GP(1998)A practical guide to wavelet analysis.Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79:61-78
Tramutoli V,Cuomo V,Filizzola C(2005)Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas:the case of Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake,August 17,1999.Remote Sens Environ 96:409-426
Tronin AA(1996)Satellite thermal survey-a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions.Int JRemote Sens 17:1439-1455
Tronin AA(2000)Thermal IR satellite sensor data application for earthquake research in China.Int J Remote Sens 21:3169-3177
Tronin AA,Hayakawa M,Molchanov OA(2002)Thermal IR satellite data application for earthquake research in Japan and China.J Geodyn33:519-534
Wang LY,Zhu CZ(1984)Anomalous variations of ground temperature before the Tangsan and Haicheng earthquakes.J Seismol Res 6:649-656
Wu LX,Qin K,Liu SJ(2012)GEOSS-based thermal parameters analysis for earthquake anomaly recognition.Proc IEEE 100:2891-2907
You CX(1990)Anomalous variations of ground temperature before Lanchang-Gengma earthquake.JSeismol Res 2:196-202
Zhang YS,Guo X,Zhong MJ,Shen WR,Li W,He B(2010)Wenchuan earthquake:brightness temperature changes from satellite infrared information.Chin Sci Bull 55:1917-1924
Zhang X,Zhang YS,Wei CX,Tian XF,Tang Q,Gao J(2013)Analysis of thermal infrared anomaly before the Lushan MS=7.0earthquake.Chin Earthq Eng J 35:272-277
Asteriadis G,Livieratos E(1989)Pre-seismic responses of underground water level and temperature concerning a 4.8 magnitude earthquake in Greece on October 20,1988.Tectonophysics170:165-169
Blackett M,Wooster MJ,Malamud BD(2011)Exploring land surface temperature earthquake precursors:a focus on the Gujarat(India)earthquake of 2001.Geophys Res Lett 38:L15303.doi:10.1029/2011GL048282
Carreno E,Capote R,Yague A,Tordesillas JM,Lopez MM,Ardizone J,Suarez A,Lzquierdo A,Tsige M,Martinez J,Insua JM(2001)Observations of thermal anomaly associated to seismic activity from remote sensing.General Assembly of European Seismology Commission,Portugal,pp 265-269
Chen LC,Wang H,Ran YK,Sun XZ,Su GW,Wang J,Tan XB,Li ZM,Zhang XQ(2010)The MS7.1Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and historical earthquakes.Chin Sci Bull 55:1200-1205
Cicerone RD,Ebel JE,Britton J(2009)A systematic compilation of earthquake precursors.Tectonophysics 476:371-396
Deng QD,Zhang PZ,Ran YK,Yang XP,Min W,Chu QZ(2003)Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China.Sci Chin 46:356-372
Dey S,Singh RP(2003)Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 3:749-755
Farge M(1992)Wavelet transform and their applications to turbulence.Annu Rev Fluid Mech 24:395-458
Filizzola C,Pergola N,Pietrapertosa C,Tramutoli V(2004)Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas monitoring:a sensitivity analysis on September 7,1999Athenss earthquake.Phys Chem Earth 29:517-527
Genzano N,Aliano C,Filizzola C,Pergola N,Tramutoli V(2007)A robust satellite technique for monitoring seismically active areas:the case of Bhuj-Gujarat earthquake.Tecnotophysics 431:197-210
Gorny VI,Salman AG,Tronin AA,Shilin BV(1988)The earths outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity.Proc Acad Sci USSR301:67-69
Kumar P,Foufoula E(1997)Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications.Rev Geophy 35:385-412
Lachenbruch AH,Sass JH(1992)Heat flow from Cajon Pass,fault strength and tectonic implications.J Geophys Res 97:4995-5015
Lisi M,Filizzola C,Genzano N,Grimaldi CSL,Lacava T,Marchese F,Mazzeo G,Pergola N,Tramutoli V(2010)A study on the Abruzzo 6April 2009earthquake by applying the RST approach to 15years of AVHRR TIR observations.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:395-406
Ma J,Wang YP,Chen SY,Liu PX,Liu LQ(2005)The relations between thermal infrared information and fault activities.Prog Nat Sci 15:1467-1475
Ma WY,Wang H,Li FS,Ma WM(2012)Relation between the celestial tide-generating stress and the temperature variations of the Abruzzo M=6.3earthquake in April 2009.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:819-827
Mei SR,Feng DY(1993)Introduction to earthquake prediction in China.Seismological Press,Beijing,pp 241-262
Ouzounov D,Freund F(2004)Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data.Adv Space Res 33:268-273
Ouzounov D,Liu D,Kang C,Cervone G,Kafatos M,Taylor P(2007)Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes.Tectonophysics 431:211-220
Qin K,Wu LX,Santis AD,Wang H(2011)Surface latent heat flux anomalies before the MS=7.1New Zealand earthquake 2010.Chin Sci Bull 56:3273-3280
Qin K,Wu LX,Zheng S,Liu SJ(2013)A deviationtime-space-thermal(DTS-T)method for global earth observation system of systems(GEOSS)-based earthquake anomaly recognition:criterions and quantify indices.Remote Sens 5:5143-5151
Saraf AK,Choudhury S(2005)NOAA-AVHRR detects thermal anomaly associated with the 26January 2001 Bhuj earthquake,Gujarat,India.Int J Remote Sens 26:1065-1073
Thomas D(1988)Geochemical precursors to seismic activity.Pure Appl Geophys 126:241-266
Torrence C,Compo GP(1998)A practical guide to wavelet analysis.Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79:61-78
Tramutoli V,Cuomo V,Filizzola C(2005)Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas:the case of Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake,August 17,1999.Remote Sens Environ 96:409-426
Tronin AA(1996)Satellite thermal survey-a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions.Int JRemote Sens 17:1439-1455
Tronin AA(2000)Thermal IR satellite sensor data application for earthquake research in China.Int J Remote Sens 21:3169-3177
Tronin AA,Hayakawa M,Molchanov OA(2002)Thermal IR satellite data application for earthquake research in Japan and China.J Geodyn33:519-534
Wang LY,Zhu CZ(1984)Anomalous variations of ground temperature before the Tangsan and Haicheng earthquakes.J Seismol Res 6:649-656
Wu LX,Qin K,Liu SJ(2012)GEOSS-based thermal parameters analysis for earthquake anomaly recognition.Proc IEEE 100:2891-2907
You CX(1990)Anomalous variations of ground temperature before Lanchang-Gengma earthquake.JSeismol Res 2:196-202
Zhang YS,Guo X,Zhong MJ,Shen WR,Li W,He B(2010)Wenchuan earthquake:brightness temperature changes from satellite infrared information.Chin Sci Bull 55:1917-1924
Zhang X,Zhang YS,Wei CX,Tian XF,Tang Q,Gao J(2013)Analysis of thermal infrared anomaly before the Lushan MS=7.0earthquake.Chin Earthq Eng J 35:272-277