基于新型三电平逆变器的无刷直流电机控制方法
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摘要
为了提高控制性能和驱动容量,无刷直流电机常采用二极管钳位式三电平逆变器结构,但是这种结构存在桥臂内侧功率开关器件关断过电压及中点电位不平衡的问题,论文提出了一种新型三电平逆变器驱动的拓扑结构并进行了研究。首先对其钳位三相桥臂内侧6个功率开关器件关断过电压的原理进行了对比分析,并对4种开关状态的自动均压原理进行了研究,分析了其64种电压空间矢量对中点电位的影响特性。接着提出了钳位电容电压的平衡控制策略,进而给出了基于空间向量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation, SVPWM)的策略,并给出了无刷直流电机基于新型三电平逆变器结构的双闭环控制策略。最后基于样机平台进行了实验,结果证实了研究内容的正确性和有效性。
In order to improve the control performance and drive capacity of brushless DC motor, diode clamped three-level inverter instructures are often adopted, but there are such problems as bridge arm inner power switch device switching overvoltage and neutral point potential imbalance. In this paper, a novel topology instructure driven by three-level inverter is proposed and studied. Firstly, the six power switching devices clamping mechanism of this topology inside the clamped three-phase bridge arm is analyzed, and the four switching state automatic voltage equalization principles are studied, the influence characteristics of 64 voltage space vectors on the neutral point potential are also analyzed. Secondly, the clamped capacitor voltage balance control strategy is proposed, and then the space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) strategy is given,and the double closed-loop pulse width modulation(PWM) control strategy of brushless DC motor based on a novel three-level inverter instucture is presented. Finally, an experiment is carried out based on the prototype platform, and the results confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the research content.
In order to improve the control performance and drive capacity of brushless DC motor, diode clamped three-level inverter instructures are often adopted, but there are such problems as bridge arm inner power switch device switching overvoltage and neutral point potential imbalance. In this paper, a novel topology instructure driven by three-level inverter is proposed and studied. Firstly, the six power switching devices clamping mechanism of this topology inside the clamped three-phase bridge arm is analyzed, and the four switching state automatic voltage equalization principles are studied, the influence characteristics of 64 voltage space vectors on the neutral point potential are also analyzed. Secondly, the clamped capacitor voltage balance control strategy is proposed, and then the space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) strategy is given,and the double closed-loop pulse width modulation(PWM) control strategy of brushless DC motor based on a novel three-level inverter instucture is presented. Finally, an experiment is carried out based on the prototype platform, and the results confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the research content.
引文
[1] 宋庆国,张晓锋,乔鸣忠,等.多相高压无刷直流电动机调速系统研究[J].电机与控制学报,2017,11(6):600-603.SONG Qingguo,ZHANG Xiaofeng,QIAO Mingzhong,et al.Research on the variable-speed system of multiphase high-voltage BLDCM [J].Electric Machines and Control,2017,11(6):600-603.
[2] 孟庆云,晏明,潘启军,等.一种适用于大容量中点钳位型三电平逆变器的绝缘栅双极型晶体管吸收电路研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):755-764.MENG Qingyun,YAN Ming,PAN Qijun,et al.Research on a insulated gate bipolar transistor snubber circuit for the high power neutral point clamped three-level inverter [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):755-764.
[3] YONG S K,BEOM S S,DONG S H.A novel structure of multi-level high voltage source inverter [C]//IEEE Region Conference on Tencon Computer Communication,October 19-21,1993,Beijing,China.New York:IEEE,1993:132-137.
[4] 岳云涛,陈志新,魏幼萍.混合箝位式双PWM三电平变频调速系统[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(5):69-74.YUE Yuntao,CHEN Zhixin,WEI Youping.Speed control system with hybrid clamp dual PWM three level inverter [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(5):69-74.
[5] CHAVES M,MARGATO E,SILVA J F,et al.New approach in back-to-back M-level diode-clamped multilevel converter modelling and direct current bus voltages balancing [J].IET Power Electronics,2010,3(4):578-589.
[6] ESMAILI R,XU L,NICHOLS D K.A new control method of permanent magnet generator for maximum power tracking in wind turbine application [C]//2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,June 12-16,2005,San Francisco,CA,USA.New York:IEEE,2005:2090-2095.
[7] NABEA A,TAKAHASHI I,AKAGI H.A new neutral point clamped PWM inverter [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1981,17(5):518-523.
[8] 倪有源,陈浩,何强.无位置传感器无刷直流电机三闭环控制系统[J].电机与控制学报,2017,27(3):25-31.NI Youyuan,CHEN Hao,HE Qiang.Sensorless brushless DC motor three-loop control system [J].Electric Machines and Control,2017,27 (3):25-31.
[9] 夏长亮,郭培建,史婷娜,等.基于模糊遗传算法的无刷直流电机自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):129-133.XIA Changliang,GUO Peijian,SHI Tingna,et al.Control of brushless DC motor using genetic algorithm based fuzzy controller [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):129-133.
[10] YEN S L,YOUNG K L.A unified approach to back-emf detection for brushless DC motor drives without current and hall sensors [J].IEEE Industrial Electronics,2006,26(6):1293-1298.
[11] 史婷娜,肖竹欣,肖有文.基于改进型滑模观测器的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,8(9):55-56.SHI Tingna,XIAO Zhuxin,XIAO Youwen.A position sensorless control strategy for BLDCM based on an improved sliding mode observer [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,8(9):55-56.
[2] 孟庆云,晏明,潘启军,等.一种适用于大容量中点钳位型三电平逆变器的绝缘栅双极型晶体管吸收电路研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):755-764.MENG Qingyun,YAN Ming,PAN Qijun,et al.Research on a insulated gate bipolar transistor snubber circuit for the high power neutral point clamped three-level inverter [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):755-764.
[3] YONG S K,BEOM S S,DONG S H.A novel structure of multi-level high voltage source inverter [C]//IEEE Region Conference on Tencon Computer Communication,October 19-21,1993,Beijing,China.New York:IEEE,1993:132-137.
[4] 岳云涛,陈志新,魏幼萍.混合箝位式双PWM三电平变频调速系统[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(5):69-74.YUE Yuntao,CHEN Zhixin,WEI Youping.Speed control system with hybrid clamp dual PWM three level inverter [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(5):69-74.
[5] CHAVES M,MARGATO E,SILVA J F,et al.New approach in back-to-back M-level diode-clamped multilevel converter modelling and direct current bus voltages balancing [J].IET Power Electronics,2010,3(4):578-589.
[6] ESMAILI R,XU L,NICHOLS D K.A new control method of permanent magnet generator for maximum power tracking in wind turbine application [C]//2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,June 12-16,2005,San Francisco,CA,USA.New York:IEEE,2005:2090-2095.
[7] NABEA A,TAKAHASHI I,AKAGI H.A new neutral point clamped PWM inverter [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1981,17(5):518-523.
[8] 倪有源,陈浩,何强.无位置传感器无刷直流电机三闭环控制系统[J].电机与控制学报,2017,27(3):25-31.NI Youyuan,CHEN Hao,HE Qiang.Sensorless brushless DC motor three-loop control system [J].Electric Machines and Control,2017,27 (3):25-31.
[9] 夏长亮,郭培建,史婷娜,等.基于模糊遗传算法的无刷直流电机自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):129-133.XIA Changliang,GUO Peijian,SHI Tingna,et al.Control of brushless DC motor using genetic algorithm based fuzzy controller [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):129-133.
[10] YEN S L,YOUNG K L.A unified approach to back-emf detection for brushless DC motor drives without current and hall sensors [J].IEEE Industrial Electronics,2006,26(6):1293-1298.
[11] 史婷娜,肖竹欣,肖有文.基于改进型滑模观测器的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,8(9):55-56.SHI Tingna,XIAO Zhuxin,XIAO Youwen.A position sensorless control strategy for BLDCM based on an improved sliding mode observer [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,8(9):55-56.