小果野蕉(Musa acuminate Colla)花粉母细胞减数分裂过程异常的细胞学观察
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摘要
香蕉是重要的热带水果,由于雄性不育、单性结实等原因导致其杂交育种困难。小果野蕉(Musaacuminate Colla)是现代香蕉栽培种的祖先之一,在理论研究和应用中有非常重要的地位。前期研究发现小果野蕉存在部分可育花粉,但导致花粉活力下降的原因未知。为了探求导致小果野蕉花粉活力降低的细胞学原因,本研究通过亚历山大红染色法对小果野蕉花粉活力进行检测,通过卡宝品红染色对小果野蕉花粉母细胞减数分裂阶段和小孢子发育阶段进行观察。结果表明:小果野蕉花粉活力为84.33%;小孢子发育阶段未见明显异常;正常四分体比例为81.3%;花粉母细胞减数分裂过程终变期、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ、中期Ⅱ、后期Ⅱ均存在异常,比例分别为8.8%、8.5%、7.6%、10.6%、12.1%。因此,可能是部分花粉母细胞减数分裂异常导致小果野蕉花粉活力的降低。
Banana is an important tropical fruit. But cross breeding of it is difficult due to male sterility and parthenocarpy. Xiaoguo wild banana(Musa acuminate Colla) is one of the ancestors of cultivated modern banana species, which plays an important role in theoretical research and application. Some vital pollens were found in Xiaoguo wild banana, but the reasons for the decrease of pollen vigor were unknown. In order to find out the cytological reasons, the pollen vitality was detected by Alexander red staining, the pollen mother cell and microspore were analyzed by fuchsin staining. The results showed that the pollen vitality was 84.33%, the microspore development stage did not shown obvious abnormity, the proportion of normal tetrad was 81.3%, and the ration of abnormal pollen mother cells in diakinesis, metaphaseⅠ, anaphase Ⅰ, metaphase Ⅱ, anaphase Ⅱ was 8.8% and 8.5%, 7.6%, 10.6 % and 12.1% separately. Therefore, it is possible that the abnormal meiosis of some pollen mother cell leads to the decrease of pollen vitality in Xiaoguo wild banana.
Banana is an important tropical fruit. But cross breeding of it is difficult due to male sterility and parthenocarpy. Xiaoguo wild banana(Musa acuminate Colla) is one of the ancestors of cultivated modern banana species, which plays an important role in theoretical research and application. Some vital pollens were found in Xiaoguo wild banana, but the reasons for the decrease of pollen vigor were unknown. In order to find out the cytological reasons, the pollen vitality was detected by Alexander red staining, the pollen mother cell and microspore were analyzed by fuchsin staining. The results showed that the pollen vitality was 84.33%, the microspore development stage did not shown obvious abnormity, the proportion of normal tetrad was 81.3%, and the ration of abnormal pollen mother cells in diakinesis, metaphaseⅠ, anaphase Ⅰ, metaphase Ⅱ, anaphase Ⅱ was 8.8% and 8.5%, 7.6%, 10.6 % and 12.1% separately. Therefore, it is possible that the abnormal meiosis of some pollen mother cell leads to the decrease of pollen vitality in Xiaoguo wild banana.
引文
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[15]Taliane L S,Everton H D S,Laecio F S S,et al.Effect of collection time on the viability of banana pollen grains[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2015,14(14):1 207-1 214.
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[17]王正询,林兆平,潘坤清.蕉类的细胞遗传学研究[J].遗传学报,1992,21(6):453-462.
[2]叶可勇,陈瑶,李瑞梅,等.小果野蕉micro RNAs及其靶基因的生物信息学预测.热带生物学报,2012,3(3):222-227.
[3]D'Hont A,Denoeud F,Aury J M,et al.The banana(Musa acuminata)genome and the evolution of monocotyledonous plants[J].Nature,2012,488(7 410):213-217.
[4]Hippolyte I,Bakry F,Seguin M,et al.A saturated SSR/DAr T linkage map of Musa acuminata addressing genome rearrangements among bananas[J].BMC Plant Biology,2010,10:65.
[5]Jeridi M,Perrier X,Rodier-Goud M,et al.Cytogenetic evidence of mixed disomic and polysomic inheritance in an allotetraploid(AABB)Musa genotype[J].Annals of Botany,2012,110(8):1 593-1 606.
[6]胡颖,赵洁.拟南芥有性生殖过程中花粉管生长及胚胎发育的形态特征[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2006,52(2):241-246.
[7]Soares T L,De O,Costaet M,et al.In vitro germination and viability of pollen grains of banana diploids[J].Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology,2008,8(2):111-118.
[8]MARKS G E.An aceto-carmine glycerol jelly for use in pollen-fertility counts[J].Stain Technology,1954,29(5):277.
[9]Peterson R,Slovin J P,Chen C.A simplified method for differential staining of aborted and non-aborted pollen grains[J].International Journal of Plant Biology,2010,1(2):13.
[10]Ma H.A molecular portrait of Arabidopsis meiosis[J].Arabidopsis Book,2006,4:e0095.
[11]Chang F,Wang Y,Wang S,et al.Molecular control of microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2011,14(1):66-73.
[12]Shepherd K.Cytogenetics of the genus Musa[M].Montpellier:International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain,1999.
[13]邓彪,盛鸥,魏岳荣,等.二倍体香蕉种质资源花粉活力检测方法的筛选[J].植物分子育种,2014,12(5):1 011-1 017.
[14]Ortiz R.Occurrence and Inheritance of 2n Pollen in Musa[J].Annals of Botany,1997,79(4):449-453.
[15]Taliane L S,Everton H D S,Laecio F S S,et al.Effect of collection time on the viability of banana pollen grains[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2015,14(14):1 207-1 214.
[16]Saali R T,Pillay M,Rubaihayo P,et al.Male fertility in Musa:pollen quality in diploid banana hybrids[J].Ugandan Journal of Agricultural Science,2012,13(2):39-45.
[17]王正询,林兆平,潘坤清.蕉类的细胞遗传学研究[J].遗传学报,1992,21(6):453-462.