不同时期超级杂交稻光合特性及氮素利用效率研究
|
摘要
为探明不同时期超级杂交稻光合特性及氮素利用效率的差异,以5个不同时期具有代表性的超级杂交稻品种为试验材料,研究其光合特性、氮素利用率及氮素光合效率的变化特点。结果表明,前3期超级杂交稻产量随着施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在施氮量为300 kg·hm-2水平时最高;后2期超级杂交稻产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,但施氮量为390 kg·hm-2与300 kg·hm-2的产量差异不显著。随着施氮量的增加,各时期超级杂交稻净光合速率(Pn)、比叶重(SLW)、氮素吸收利用率(REN)均呈先增加后降低的趋势,氮素光合利用效率(PNUE)和氮素偏生产力(PEPN)呈逐渐降低趋势;在各时期超级杂交稻品种中,随着品种的演进,其叶片氮含量(LNC)和SLW均得到显著改善,而光合生理特性和PNUE则无明显的变化。综上所述,在超级杂交稻品种改良中对氮素吸收利用的提高幅度大于较光合利用明显,在今后超级杂交稻品种改良中应着重对叶片光合生理特性方面的提高。本研究结果为超级杂交稻的选育提供了理论依据。
To explore the differences of photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice in different periods, the photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization ratio and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of 5 representative super hybrid rice varieties in different periods were studied. The results show that the yield of the first three stage super hybrid rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application,the yield is the highest at 300 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application,and the yield of the second stage super hybrid rice increased with the increase of fertilizer application,but there was no significant difference between the yield of 390 kg·hm-2 and300 kg·hm-2. With the increase of nitrogen application,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn),specific leaf weight and nitrogen uptake rate( REN) of super hybrid rice were increased first and then decreased,and the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency( PNUE) and nitrogen partial productivity( PEPN) were decreased gradually. In the super hybrid rice varieties of different periods,leaf nitrogen content and leaf weight were improved remarkably with the evolution of the varieties, but there was no significant change in photosynthetic physiological characteristics and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency. In summary,the improvement of nitrogen uptake and utilization was greater than that of photosynthetic utilization in super hybrid rice,so the improvement of leaf photosynthetic physiology should be increased in super hybrid rice in the future. The results of this study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of super hybrid rice.
To explore the differences of photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice in different periods, the photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization ratio and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of 5 representative super hybrid rice varieties in different periods were studied. The results show that the yield of the first three stage super hybrid rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application,the yield is the highest at 300 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application,and the yield of the second stage super hybrid rice increased with the increase of fertilizer application,but there was no significant difference between the yield of 390 kg·hm-2 and300 kg·hm-2. With the increase of nitrogen application,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn),specific leaf weight and nitrogen uptake rate( REN) of super hybrid rice were increased first and then decreased,and the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency( PNUE) and nitrogen partial productivity( PEPN) were decreased gradually. In the super hybrid rice varieties of different periods,leaf nitrogen content and leaf weight were improved remarkably with the evolution of the varieties, but there was no significant change in photosynthetic physiological characteristics and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency. In summary,the improvement of nitrogen uptake and utilization was greater than that of photosynthetic utilization in super hybrid rice,so the improvement of leaf photosynthetic physiology should be increased in super hybrid rice in the future. The results of this study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of super hybrid rice.
引文
[1]梁成刚,汪燕,何加林,刘佳,许光利,刘晓亮,李天.栽培技术对水稻单位面积产量的权重研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(6):142-147
[2]章秀福,王丹英,方福平,曾衍坤,廖西元.中国粮食安全和水稻生产[J].农业现代化研究,2005,26(2):85-88
[3]彭雪明,张小平,周文新,易镇邪,屠乃美.中国超级稻研究进展与栽培研究展望[J].作物研究,2009,23(1):1-6
[4]付景,杨建昌.超级稻高产栽培生理研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2014,25(4):343-348
[5]袁隆平.超级杂交稻研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):71-73
[6]张满利,陈盈,隋国民.氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):230-234
[7]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,刘枫,袁嫚嫚,黄义德.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):808-815
[8]剧成欣.不同水稻品种对氮素响应的差异及其农艺生理性状[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017
[9]魏海燕,张洪程,马群,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[10]聂军,郑圣先,戴平安,肖剑,易国英.控释氮肥调控水稻光合功能和叶片衰老的生理基础[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(3):255-261
[11]马群,杨雄,李敏,李国业,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉.不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种的物质生产积累[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4159-4169
[12]裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,胡志华,金千瑜.秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):282-290
[13]张洪程,朱聪聪,霍中洋,许轲,蒋晓鸿,陈厚存,高尚勤,李德剑,赵成美,戴其根,魏海燕,郭保卫.钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及主要生理生态特点[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):50-59
[14]范苗苗.水稻氮肥利用效率的品种间差异及其生理机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012
[15] Makino A. Photosynthesis,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization inrice and wheat[J]. Plant Physiology,2011,155(1):125-129
[16]谢小兵,蒋鹏,黄敏,曹放波,周雪峰,张瑞春,陈佳娜,伍丹丹,邹应斌.施氮量对华南双季超级稻产量和干物质生产的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):163-169
[17]付景,王志琴,袁莉民,王学明,杨建昌.施氮量对超级稻产量和一些生理性状的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(4):391-400
[18]李迪秦,唐启源,秦建权,张运波,郑华英,杨胜海,陈立军,邹应斌.施氮量与氮管理模式对超级稻产量和辐射利用率影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(4):809-814
[19]孙永健,孙园园,严奉君,杨志远,徐徽,李玥,王海月,马均.氮肥后移对不同氮效率水稻花后碳氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):407-419
[20]吴平.水稻氮素光合效率及有关叶片参数的测定[J].浙江农业学报,1994,6(2):131-134
[21]程慧煌,易振波,曾勇军,郑厚亮,商庆银.超级杂交稻抗倒伏能力及其对施肥量的响应[J].核农学报,2018,32(8):1603-1610
[22]杨建昌.水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):36-46
[23]王秀斌,徐新朋,孙刚,孙静文,梁国庆,刘光荣,周卫.氮肥用量对双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1279-1286
[24] Xiong G P,Yu L M. Yield-increasing effects of shallow andcontrolling irrigation technology on super hybrid rice in differentseasons[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(23):21-23
[25]陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,徐芳森,周卫,刘芳,庞再明,李登荣.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328
[26]张江林,侯文峰,鲁剑巍,任涛,丛日环,李小坤.不同施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及灌浆特性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):75-85
[27] Wang S H,Zou Y B,Li X X. Effects of different fertilizer rate onpopulation quality and yield formation of super hybrid rice[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2009,30(5):606-610
[28]汪建军,曾勇军,易艳红,章起明,胡启星,谭雪明,黄山,商庆银,曾研华,石庆华.基于不同播种量的双季机插早稻均匀度对产量形成的影响[J].作物杂志,2018,25(2):141-147
[29]魏海燕,张洪程,张群,戴期根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[30]徐克章,黑田荣喜,平野贡.水稻开花后叶片含氮量与光合作用的动态变化及其关系[J].作物学报,1995,21(2):171-175
[31]马文波,马均,明东风.不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):236-240
[32]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,顾春梅,那永光,解保胜.水稻光合作用研究进展及其影响因素分析[J].北方水稻,2014,44(5):66-71
[33]王丹英,徐春梅,袁江,赵锋,廖西元,章秀福.不同时期三系杂交稻主栽品种对氮肥用量的响应[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):354-360
[34]胡继杰,朱练峰,钟楚,林育炯,张均华,曹小闯,禹盛苗,Allen Bohr J A M E S,金千瑜.增氧模式对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(3):278-287
[35] Tian D C,Lei L K,Lan T M. The relationship between thenutritional conditions in different growing periods and heading date inrice[J]. Hybrid Rice,2014,19(4):59-65
[36]童平,杨世民,马均,吴合洲,李敏,王明田.不同水稻品种在不同光照条件下的光合特性及干物质积累[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):505-511
[37]剧成欣,陶进,钱希旸,顾骏飞,张耗,赵步洪,刘立军,王志琴,杨建昌.不同年代中籼水稻品种的叶片光合性状[J].作物学报,2016,42(3):415-426
[2]章秀福,王丹英,方福平,曾衍坤,廖西元.中国粮食安全和水稻生产[J].农业现代化研究,2005,26(2):85-88
[3]彭雪明,张小平,周文新,易镇邪,屠乃美.中国超级稻研究进展与栽培研究展望[J].作物研究,2009,23(1):1-6
[4]付景,杨建昌.超级稻高产栽培生理研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2014,25(4):343-348
[5]袁隆平.超级杂交稻研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):71-73
[6]张满利,陈盈,隋国民.氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):230-234
[7]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,刘枫,袁嫚嫚,黄义德.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):808-815
[8]剧成欣.不同水稻品种对氮素响应的差异及其农艺生理性状[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017
[9]魏海燕,张洪程,马群,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[10]聂军,郑圣先,戴平安,肖剑,易国英.控释氮肥调控水稻光合功能和叶片衰老的生理基础[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(3):255-261
[11]马群,杨雄,李敏,李国业,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉.不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种的物质生产积累[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4159-4169
[12]裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,胡志华,金千瑜.秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):282-290
[13]张洪程,朱聪聪,霍中洋,许轲,蒋晓鸿,陈厚存,高尚勤,李德剑,赵成美,戴其根,魏海燕,郭保卫.钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及主要生理生态特点[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):50-59
[14]范苗苗.水稻氮肥利用效率的品种间差异及其生理机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012
[15] Makino A. Photosynthesis,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization inrice and wheat[J]. Plant Physiology,2011,155(1):125-129
[16]谢小兵,蒋鹏,黄敏,曹放波,周雪峰,张瑞春,陈佳娜,伍丹丹,邹应斌.施氮量对华南双季超级稻产量和干物质生产的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):163-169
[17]付景,王志琴,袁莉民,王学明,杨建昌.施氮量对超级稻产量和一些生理性状的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(4):391-400
[18]李迪秦,唐启源,秦建权,张运波,郑华英,杨胜海,陈立军,邹应斌.施氮量与氮管理模式对超级稻产量和辐射利用率影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(4):809-814
[19]孙永健,孙园园,严奉君,杨志远,徐徽,李玥,王海月,马均.氮肥后移对不同氮效率水稻花后碳氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):407-419
[20]吴平.水稻氮素光合效率及有关叶片参数的测定[J].浙江农业学报,1994,6(2):131-134
[21]程慧煌,易振波,曾勇军,郑厚亮,商庆银.超级杂交稻抗倒伏能力及其对施肥量的响应[J].核农学报,2018,32(8):1603-1610
[22]杨建昌.水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):36-46
[23]王秀斌,徐新朋,孙刚,孙静文,梁国庆,刘光荣,周卫.氮肥用量对双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1279-1286
[24] Xiong G P,Yu L M. Yield-increasing effects of shallow andcontrolling irrigation technology on super hybrid rice in differentseasons[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(23):21-23
[25]陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,徐芳森,周卫,刘芳,庞再明,李登荣.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328
[26]张江林,侯文峰,鲁剑巍,任涛,丛日环,李小坤.不同施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及灌浆特性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):75-85
[27] Wang S H,Zou Y B,Li X X. Effects of different fertilizer rate onpopulation quality and yield formation of super hybrid rice[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2009,30(5):606-610
[28]汪建军,曾勇军,易艳红,章起明,胡启星,谭雪明,黄山,商庆银,曾研华,石庆华.基于不同播种量的双季机插早稻均匀度对产量形成的影响[J].作物杂志,2018,25(2):141-147
[29]魏海燕,张洪程,张群,戴期根,霍中洋,许轲,张庆,黄丽芬.不同氮肥利用效率水稻基因型剑叶光合特性[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2243-2251
[30]徐克章,黑田荣喜,平野贡.水稻开花后叶片含氮量与光合作用的动态变化及其关系[J].作物学报,1995,21(2):171-175
[31]马文波,马均,明东风.不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):236-240
[32]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,顾春梅,那永光,解保胜.水稻光合作用研究进展及其影响因素分析[J].北方水稻,2014,44(5):66-71
[33]王丹英,徐春梅,袁江,赵锋,廖西元,章秀福.不同时期三系杂交稻主栽品种对氮肥用量的响应[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):354-360
[34]胡继杰,朱练峰,钟楚,林育炯,张均华,曹小闯,禹盛苗,Allen Bohr J A M E S,金千瑜.增氧模式对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(3):278-287
[35] Tian D C,Lei L K,Lan T M. The relationship between thenutritional conditions in different growing periods and heading date inrice[J]. Hybrid Rice,2014,19(4):59-65
[36]童平,杨世民,马均,吴合洲,李敏,王明田.不同水稻品种在不同光照条件下的光合特性及干物质积累[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):505-511
[37]剧成欣,陶进,钱希旸,顾骏飞,张耗,赵步洪,刘立军,王志琴,杨建昌.不同年代中籼水稻品种的叶片光合性状[J].作物学报,2016,42(3):415-426