304和304L奥氏体不锈钢的热加工性能研究
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摘要
利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机分别对304与304L奥氏体不锈钢进行单道次热压缩实验,研究了材料在变形温度900～1100℃,应变速率0.01～5 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为及组织演变规律,并基于动态材料模型(Dynamic Materials Mod-el,DMM)对比分析304与304L奥氏体不锈钢的热加工性能。结果表明:304L变形抗力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,其流变曲线可分为加工硬化、动态回复及动态再结晶3种类型。通过构建304与304L奥氏体不锈钢的热加工图,发现当应变量为0.6时,304热加工窗口为970～1050℃、0.01～0.1 s~(-1)和1050～1100℃、0.03～1 s~(-1),并在高温低应变速率区域出现严重的流变失稳现象; 304L热加工窗口为950～1100℃、0.01～0.03 s~(-1)。对比可知304和304 L的可加工温度区间相似,但应变速率区间差异明显,合金元素含量的变化导致可加工应变速率区间向低应变速率方向移动。
The single-path hot compression tests for 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel were performed on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator.The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution at deformation temperature of 900-1100 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s~(-1) were studied.The hot workabilities of 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel were analyzed and compared based on dynamic materials model.The results show that the flow stress of 304 L decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate,the flow stress curves can be divided into three types:working hardening,dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.Through drawing the processing maps of 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel,it is found that when the strain is 0.6,the suitable processing parameters of 304 are 970-1050 ℃,0.01-0.1 s~(-1) and 1050-1100 ℃,0.03-1 s~(-1) and the serious flow instability appears in the region of high temperature and low strain rate;the suitable processing parameters of 304 L are 950-1100 ℃,0.01-0.03 s~(-1).The comparison results show that the suitable processing temperature range of 304 and 304 L is similar,but the difference of strain rate range is obvious,the change of alloying element content leads to the suitable processing strain rate range shift to the low strain rate direction.
The single-path hot compression tests for 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel were performed on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator.The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution at deformation temperature of 900-1100 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s~(-1) were studied.The hot workabilities of 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel were analyzed and compared based on dynamic materials model.The results show that the flow stress of 304 L decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate,the flow stress curves can be divided into three types:working hardening,dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.Through drawing the processing maps of 304 and 304 L austenitic stainless steel,it is found that when the strain is 0.6,the suitable processing parameters of 304 are 970-1050 ℃,0.01-0.1 s~(-1) and 1050-1100 ℃,0.03-1 s~(-1) and the serious flow instability appears in the region of high temperature and low strain rate;the suitable processing parameters of 304 L are 950-1100 ℃,0.01-0.03 s~(-1).The comparison results show that the suitable processing temperature range of 304 and 304 L is similar,but the difference of strain rate range is obvious,the change of alloying element content leads to the suitable processing strain rate range shift to the low strain rate direction.
引文
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[2]熊家强.304奥氏体不锈钢热轧过程物理冶金模型研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2008.XIONG Jiaqiang.The study of physical metallurgical models for type304 stainless steel in hot rolling[D].Kunming:Kunming U-niversity of Science and Technology,2008.
[3]郭光宇.304L钢热变形过程的力学行为及再结晶组织演变的研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2014,45(6):754-757.GUO Guangyu.Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of 304L steel in thermal deformation process[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2014,45(6):754-757.
[4]王艳,王明家,蔡大勇,等.高强度奥氏体不锈钢的热变形行为及其热加工图[J].材料热处理学报,2005,26(4):65-68.WANG Yan,WANG Mingjia,CAI Dayong.Hot deformation behaviour and its processing map of a new austenitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Material Heat Treatment,2005,26(4):65-68.
[5]权国政,王阳,张艳伟,等.基于DMM加工图的Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金热塑性变形参数优化识别[J].功能材料,2011,42(12):2301-2306.QUAN Guozheng,WANG Yang,ZHANG Yanwei,et al.Construction for processing map based on DMM and identification for the stable hot-working parameters of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy[J].Functional Materials,2011,42(12):2301-2306.
[6]VENUGOPAL S,VENUGOPAL P,MANNAN S L.Optimisation of cold and warm workability of commercially pure titanium using dynamic materials model(DMM)instability maps[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,202(1-3):201-215.
[7]SENTHILKUMAR V,BALAJI A,NARAYANASAMY R.Analysis of hot deformation behavior of Al 5083-Ti C nanocomposite using constitutive and dynamic material models[J].Materials&Design,2012,37:102-110.
[8]张传滨,刘洁,张进学,等.核电用304不锈钢动态再结晶数学模型的建立[J].铸造设备与工艺,2011,(1):16-19.ZHANG Chuanbin,LIU Jie,ZHANG Jinxue,et al.Mathematical model of dynamic recrystallization for nuclear power 304 austenitic stainless steel[J].Casting Equipment and Technology,2011,(1):16-19.
[9]罗锐,程晓农,徐桂芳,等.新型Fe-20Cr-30Ni-0.6Nb-2Al-Mo合金的热变形行为及本构模型[J].稀有金属,2017,41(2):132-139.LUO Rui,CHENG Xiaonong,XU Guifang,et al.Constitutive modeling for elevated temperature flow behavior of Fe-20Cr-30Ni-0.6Nb-2Al-Mo alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,41(2):132-139.
[10]廖喜平,谢其军,胡成亮,等.304奥氏体不锈钢热变形行为及热加工图[J].锻压技术,2017,42(12):150-156.LIAO Xiping,XIE Qijun,HU Chengliang,et al.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of austenite stainless steel 304[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2017,42(12):150-156.
[11]SAKAI T,BELYAKOV A,KAIBYSHEV R,et al.Dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization under hot,cold and severe plastic deformation conditions[J].Progress in Materials Science,2014,60(1):130-207.
[12]卓秀秀,徐桂芳,袁圆,等.0Cr17Mn17Mo3NiN奥氏体不锈钢的热变形行为及热加工图[J].机械工程学报,2017,52(22):74-80.ZHUO Xiuxiu,XU Guifang,YUAN Yuan.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of 0Cr17Mn17Mo3NiN austenitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,52(22):74-80.
[13]曹宇.800H合金组织演变规律与热加工工艺研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.CAO Yu.Research of microstructure evolution law and hot working technology for alloy 800H[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2011.
[14]PRASAD Y V R K,GEGEL H L,DORAIVELU S M,et al.Modeling of dynamic material behavior in hot deformation:Forging of Ti-6242[J].Metallurgical Transactions A,1984,15(10):1883-1892.
[15]马玉峰,李忠华,朱令状,等.喷射成形7055铝合金的热加工图[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(23):22-25.MA Yufeng,LI Zhonghua,ZHU Lingzhuang,et al.Hot processing map of spray forming 7055 aluminum alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2017,46(23):22-25.
[16]肖罡,李落星,刘志文,等.6013铝合金的热变形行为及热加工图[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(10):23-28.XIAO Gang,LI Luoxing,LIU Zhiwen,et al.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of 6013 aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2014,35(10):23-28.
[17]罗锐,程晓农,徐桂芳,等.一种铁镍铬合金的热变形行为及其本构模型的修正[J].功能材料,2016,47(S1):89-95.LUO Rui,CHENG Xiaonong,XU Guifang.Hot deformation behavior of a Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and the correction of constitutive model[J].Functional Materials,2016,47(S1):89-95.
[18]徐桂芳,胡峰,农靖云,等.06Ni31Cr19Mo2Nb含铌奥氏体不锈钢热变形行为及其热加工图[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(5):254-262.XU Guifang,HU Feng,NONG Jingyun,et al.Hot deformation behavior and hot processing map of 06Ni31Cr19Mo2Nb austenitic stainless stell containing Nb[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(5):254-262.
[19]MOMENI A,DEHGHANI K,KESHMIRI H,et al.Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a superaustenitic stainless steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2010,527(6):1605-1611.