水淹和密度配置对牛鞭草与狗牙根扦插苗光合作用的影响
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摘要
为探究狗牙根(C)与牛鞭草(H)当年生扦插苗在不同水淹地区较优的密度配置,于2016年4月29日在盆栽控制条件下设置3种不同水分条件(对照组—CK组、浅淹组—SF组、全淹组—TF组)、7种牛鞭草与狗牙根配置比例(每盆牛鞭草与狗牙根株数分别按2株进行递增与递减),具体配比分别为H0C12、H2C10、H4C8、H6C6、H8C4、H10C2和H12C0,对混植条件下牛鞭草与狗牙根在水淹环境中的生长及光合作用进行了比较研究。结果表明:水淹和密度配置对狗牙根、牛鞭草的净光合速率有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。CK条件下,牛鞭草在密度H2C10下的净光合速率显著高于牛鞭草单植条件下的净光合速率(P<0.05),狗牙根在混植条件下的净光合速率与单植相比显著降低(P<0.05);SF条件下,牛鞭草在密度H8C4下的净光合速率显著大于其他密度下的净光合速率,而狗牙根单植下的净光合速率与混植相比显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,牛鞭草在TF组的净光合速率显著降低(P<0.05)。综合考虑混植体系的整体光合效率,建议在三峡库区无水淹地区混植牛鞭草与狗牙根的最佳密度配置为H2C10;在浅水淹地区,采取最佳密度配置为H8C4;在较低海拔的全淹地区,采取单植牛鞭草的方式将是更为理想的选择。
This research aimed to investigate the photosynthetic responses of Cynodon dactylonand Hemarthria altissima under different flooding conditions and to identify a suitable planting pattern.On April 29,2016,a pot experiment was set up with a replacement series design in which H.altissima(H)and C.dactylon(C)were planted at seven ratios(H0C12,H2C10,H4C8,H6C6,H8C4,H10C2,and H12C0)under three water treatments,including normal growth water condition(CK),flooding at 10 cm above the soil surface(SF)and flooding at 2mabove the soil surface(TF).The flooding and density treatments had significant(P<0.05)effects on net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of H.altissimaand C.dactylon.Under the CK water treatment,the Pnof H.altissima with the H2C10 ratio was greater than that with the monoculture,and the Pnof C.dactylon significantly decreased under the mixed intercropping conditions when compared with that under the monoculture conditions(P<0.05).Under the SF treatment,the Pnof H.altissima with the H8C4 planting ratio was greater than that at other planting densities,while the Pnof C.dactylonin monoculture was lower than that achieved under mixed intercropping(P<0.05).Compared with the CK treatment,the Pnof H.altissimasignificantly decreased(P<0.05)under the TF water treatment regime.Taking photosynthetic efficiency of the two species into consideration,the results suggested that a mixed intercropping pattern with a planting ratio of H2C10 should be adopted in high-altitude areas where no water flooding occurs,and the H8C4 ratio should be adopted in areas where the soil surface is flooded.The monoculture of H12C0 is the optimal choice for low-altitude areas where complete flooding often takes place.
This research aimed to investigate the photosynthetic responses of Cynodon dactylonand Hemarthria altissima under different flooding conditions and to identify a suitable planting pattern.On April 29,2016,a pot experiment was set up with a replacement series design in which H.altissima(H)and C.dactylon(C)were planted at seven ratios(H0C12,H2C10,H4C8,H6C6,H8C4,H10C2,and H12C0)under three water treatments,including normal growth water condition(CK),flooding at 10 cm above the soil surface(SF)and flooding at 2mabove the soil surface(TF).The flooding and density treatments had significant(P<0.05)effects on net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of H.altissimaand C.dactylon.Under the CK water treatment,the Pnof H.altissima with the H2C10 ratio was greater than that with the monoculture,and the Pnof C.dactylon significantly decreased under the mixed intercropping conditions when compared with that under the monoculture conditions(P<0.05).Under the SF treatment,the Pnof H.altissima with the H8C4 planting ratio was greater than that at other planting densities,while the Pnof C.dactylonin monoculture was lower than that achieved under mixed intercropping(P<0.05).Compared with the CK treatment,the Pnof H.altissimasignificantly decreased(P<0.05)under the TF water treatment regime.Taking photosynthetic efficiency of the two species into consideration,the results suggested that a mixed intercropping pattern with a planting ratio of H2C10 should be adopted in high-altitude areas where no water flooding occurs,and the H8C4 ratio should be adopted in areas where the soil surface is flooded.The monoculture of H12C0 is the optimal choice for low-altitude areas where complete flooding often takes place.
引文
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[4] Chen S H,Chen F Q,Zhang M.The sustainability of artificial seed banks for three riparian herbs under flooding stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12):2518-2525.陈韶华,陈芳清,张淼.3种河岸带草本植物人工种子库的水淹可持续性.草业科学,2016,33(12):2518-2525.
[5] Han W J.Effects of flooding and drought stress on photosynthesis and nutrient contents of Hemarthria altissimaand Cynodon dactylon.Chongqing:Southwest University,2016.韩文娇.水淹与干旱胁迫对牛鞭草和狗牙根光合及营养元素含量的影响.重庆:西南大学,2016.
[6] Li S Q.Effects of carbohydrates reserves and consumption on the submergence tolerance of Cynodon dactylonand Hemarthria altissima.Chongqing:Southwest University,2016.李斯琪.碳水化合物储备与消耗对狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)和牛鞭草(Hemarthria altissima)耐淹能力的影响.重庆:西南大学,2016.
[7] Chen J P,Wang Z X,Zeng C C,et al.Effects of different water levels and plant densities on the growth and morphology of Hemarthria altissima.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(1):39-46.陈锦平,王振夏,曾成城,等.不同水分和植株密度处理对牛鞭草生长及形态的影响.草业学报,2015,24(1):39-46.
[8] Wang C Y,Li C X,Wang Z X,et al.Physiological and biochemical responses of Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.and Taxodium ascendens as affected by configurations and water treatments.Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,29(3):53-61.王朝英,李昌晓,王振夏,等.枫杨与池杉对不同配置及水分的生理生化响应.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,29(3):53-61.
[9] Bao Y T G T,Chen M,Guan S Y,et al.The experimental study of mix-sowing of Elymus dahuricus Tur.and Medicago.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universities Nei Monggol(Natural Science Edition),1997,28(2):222-228.宝音陶格涛,陈敏,关世英,等.披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)与苜蓿(Medicago)混播试验研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1997,28(2):222-228.
[10] Tang Y J,Fang Z Q,He Q,et al.Effects of mixed plantations of Sonneratia apetala and indigenous mangrove species on understory macrofauna.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2015,35(22):7355-7366.唐以杰,方展强,何清,等.无瓣海桑与乡土红树植物混交对林地大型底栖动物的影响.生态学报,2015,35(22):7355-7366.
[11] Jiang Y T,Xu T,Duan X Y,et al.Effect of variety mixture planting on powdery mildew controlling as well as yield and protein contents in common wheat.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(2):276-285.姜延涛,许韬,段霞瑜,等.品种混种控制小麦白粉病及其对小麦产量和蛋白质含量的影响.作物学报,2015,41(2):276-285.
[12] Li Y J.Ecological adaptability of mono-/mixed cultured Medicago sativa L.under drought stress in Shanxi mining areas.Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2015.李钰洁.山西矿区紫花苜蓿(单/混种)对干旱胁迫的生态适应性研究.太原:山西大学,2015.
[13] Bao Y T G T,Bai Y F.Problems in development of agriculture-animal husbandry ecotone and its countermeasures.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(2):245-248.宝音陶格涛,白永飞.农牧交错区面临的问题及其解决的途径─以内蒙古多伦县为例.应用生态学报,2004,15(2):245-248.
[14] Huang X,Li C J,Nan Z B.Competitive effects between Medicago sativa and Achnatherum inebrians.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):59-65.黄玺,李春杰,南志标.紫花苜蓿与醉马草的竞争效应.草业学报,2012,21(1):59-65.
[15] Guo Q S,Hong M,Kang Y,et al.Research development on Hydro-fluctuation belt plant.World Forestry Research,2010,23(4):14-20.郭泉水,洪明,康义,等.消落带适生植物研究进展.世界林业研究,2010,23(4):14-20.
[16] Tan S D,Zhang S J,Zhang K R,et al.Effect of long-time and deep submergence on recovery growth and photosynthesis of three grass species in Three Gorges reservoir area.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2009,27(4):391-396.谭淑端,张守君,张克荣,等.长期深淹对三峡库区三种草本植物的恢复生长及光合特性的影响.植物科学学报,2009,27(4):391-396.
[17] Gao J F.Experimental guidance for plant physiology.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:145-147.高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:145-147.
[18] Chen H,Qualls R G,Blank R R.Effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis,carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium.Aquatic Botany,2005,82(4):250-268.
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