基于北斗船位数据的海南省渔船航次动态监测与分析
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摘要
中国近海基于北斗卫星导航系统的渔船监控系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS),在渔船管理和应急救援中发挥了重要作用,同时北斗船位数据还包含位置、时间、航速、航行等信息,可进一步用于渔船航次信息挖掘与分析。文章首先把海陆边界划分成多个0.1°×0.1°的港口格网,然后根据格网与渔船轨迹相交关系,提取海南省2016年的全部航次。海南省渔船以小型为主,航次时间1~5 d占全部航次数的71.8%,各作业类型航次时间平均都在5 d左右;受休渔期、节假日、台风等天气影响,航次频数各月变化有3个峰值和3个谷值;儋州、三亚、文昌3个海南省返回港的航次占航次总数的62.9%,海南省出港非海南省返港的航次主要集中在北海市、阳江市、惠州市等港口。文章基于北斗船位数据的航次提取方法具有普适性,可以直接应用到安装有北斗终端的近海其他省市的渔船。
China's offshore fishing vessel monitoring system which is based on the Beidou satellite navigation system(contains position, time, speed, navigation and other information) plays an important role in the management and rescue of fishing vessels. In this paper, the sea and land boundary was divided into a number of 0.1°×0.1° port grids. According to the relationship between the grids and the tracks of fishing vessel, we have determined the total number of voyages of fishing vessel in Hainan Province in 2016. Hainan fishing vessels are mainly small ones and 1–5 day voyages accounted for 71.8% of the total number of voyages(average voyage time of each fishing type is about 5 d). Since moratorium, holidays, typhoons and other factors affect the number of voyages, the frequency of voyage in each month had three peaks and three valleys. The three Hainan return ports in Danzhou, Sanya and Wenchang accounted for 62.9% of the total number of voyages. The voyages departed from Hainan but not returned to Hainan are mainly in Beihai, Yangjiang, Huizhou and other ports. The extraction method of number of fishing vessel voyages based on Beidou position data is universal, which can be directly applied to the fishing vessels installing Beidou terminal in other provinces near the offshore.
China's offshore fishing vessel monitoring system which is based on the Beidou satellite navigation system(contains position, time, speed, navigation and other information) plays an important role in the management and rescue of fishing vessels. In this paper, the sea and land boundary was divided into a number of 0.1°×0.1° port grids. According to the relationship between the grids and the tracks of fishing vessel, we have determined the total number of voyages of fishing vessel in Hainan Province in 2016. Hainan fishing vessels are mainly small ones and 1–5 day voyages accounted for 71.8% of the total number of voyages(average voyage time of each fishing type is about 5 d). Since moratorium, holidays, typhoons and other factors affect the number of voyages, the frequency of voyage in each month had three peaks and three valleys. The three Hainan return ports in Danzhou, Sanya and Wenchang accounted for 62.9% of the total number of voyages. The voyages departed from Hainan but not returned to Hainan are mainly in Beihai, Yangjiang, Huizhou and other ports. The extraction method of number of fishing vessel voyages based on Beidou position data is universal, which can be directly applied to the fishing vessels installing Beidou terminal in other provinces near the offshore.
引文
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[31]RUSSO T,CARPENTIERI P,FIORENTINO F,et al.Modeling landings profiles of fishing vessels:an application of self-organizing maps to VMS and logbook data[J].Fish Res,2016,181(9):34-47.
[2]张效嘉,线薇微.1985~1986年长江口生态系统能流网络分析[J].海洋科学,2016,40(7):60-72.
[3]高健,张相国.帆式张网渔业经济效益与渔业生产[J].中国渔业经济,2001(5):26-28.
[4]张晓辉.基于动态信息的程租航次效益测算系统[J].水运管理,2015,37(12):4-6.
[5]赖禄元,郑满.经济航速--提高航次效益的有效途径[J].世界海运,2016,39(03):15-19.
[6]管伟,徐兆礼,严太亮.福建中部近海鱼类生态类群的季节变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(4):535-546.
[7]许友伟,江艳娥,范江涛,等.南海中部海域秋冬季中层渔业生物群落结构的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):49-56.
[8]李德源,杨培军.不定期船航次估算的风险概率决策研究[J].大连海事大学学报,1999,25(4):36-39.
[9]徐荣,蒋志明.航次估算辅助决策系统的研制与应用[J].交通与计算机,1992(6):55-57.
[10]WATSON J T,HAYNIE A C.Using vessel monitoring system data to identify and characterize trips made by fishing vessels in the United States North Pacific[J].PLo S One,2016,11(10):e0165173.
[11]张胜茂,程田飞,王晓璇,等.基于北斗卫星船位数据提取拖网航次方法研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(1):135-141.
[12]林丕文,邹建伟.我国当前南海南部拖网渔业的困局和对策[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(3):172-177.
[13]林晓松,林少芬.基于Linux和CDMA的AIS数据传输系统[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2015,20(3):198-202.
[14]何伟,柳晨光,石磊,等.渔业生产安全保障远程管理系统[J].武汉工程大学学报,2014,36(11):63-69.
[15]郑巧玲,樊伟,张胜茂,等.基于神经网络和VMS的渔船捕捞类型辨别[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(2):81-87.
[16]张胜茂,程田飞,化成君,等.北斗卫星数据提取耙刺渔船作业状态方法研究[J].渔业信息与战略,2015,30(4):293-300.
[17]POLOCZANSKA E.Keeping watch on the ocean[J].Science,2018,359(6378):864-865.
[18]张胜茂,唐峰华,张衡,等.基于北斗船位数据的拖网捕捞追溯方法研究[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(3):15-23.
[19]ZHANG S,JIN S,ZHANG H,et al.Distribution of bottom trawling effort in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].PLo S One,2016,11(11):e0166640.
[20]AULINGER A,MATTHIAS V,ZERETZKE M,et al.The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region-Part 1:current emissions and concentrations[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2016,16(2):739-758.
[21]张胜茂,张衡,唐峰华,等.基于船位监控系统的拖网捕捞努力量提取方法研究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(3):146-153.
[22]NATALE F,GIBIN M,ALESSANDRINI A,et al.Mapping fishing effort through AIS data[J].PLo S One,2015,10(6):e0130746.
[23]VYSHNEVSKA O,VISHNEVSKY D.Investigation of the effect of ship size and marine transportation distance on the possible decrease of voyage efficiency[J].?нформац?йно-керуюч?системи,2017,33(1/2):38-44.
[24]LONG J M,MELSTROM R T.Measuring the relationship between sportfishing trip expenditures and anglers'species preferences[J].N Am J Fish Manag,2016,36(4):731-737.
[25]农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:72-74.
[26]应验.海南海洋渔业发展方向与对策研究[J].海南热带海洋学院学报,2017,24(6):24-29.
[27]许倩,翁绍捷,李严.海南省机动渔船能耗及碳排量的调查与研究[J].热带农业工程,2017,41(3):20-25.
[28]刘禹松,雷声.伏季休渔助力海南渔业稳中向好[J].新产经,2016(7):62-63.
[29]闫海,刘若冰.我国海洋渔业限额捕捞法制的症结及对策[J].青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,31(3):75-78.
[30]KROODSMA D A,MAYORGA J,HOCHBERG T,et al.Tracking the global footprint of fisheries[J].Science,2018,359(6378):904-908.
[31]RUSSO T,CARPENTIERI P,FIORENTINO F,et al.Modeling landings profiles of fishing vessels:an application of self-organizing maps to VMS and logbook data[J].Fish Res,2016,181(9):34-47.