朊蛋白基因家族在畜牧兽医中的研究进展
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摘要
朊蛋白基因PRNP作为朊蛋白基因家族的一员,其编码的异常朊蛋白(prion)导致传染性海绵样脑病(TSEs)的发生。PRNP基因在定位、结构、表达和编码产物上与朊蛋白基因家族其他3个基因(PRND,PRNT和SPRN)存在很多相似之处,且该基因家族在不同种属之间十分保守,朊蛋白基因家族因此被称为"朊蛋白基因复合体"(prion gene complex)。已有资料表明,朊蛋白基因家族除了与TSEs的发生密切相关,其还对畜牧生产和兽医预防有着重要影响。论文介绍了朊蛋白基因家族的4个基因及其编码产物,而后依次阐述了该基因家族对畜牧生产的影响以及在兽医预防中的研究进展,以期为畜牧生产和兽医预防提供参考。
As a member of the prion gene family,the prion gene(PRNP) encodes the prion protein(prion) that causes the viral infectious disease:the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs).The PRNP gene has many similarities to the other three genes(PRND,PRNT and SPRN) of prion gene family,such as the localization,structure,expression and their encoding proteins,and this gene family is quite conserved among species,therefore the prion gene family is called the "prion gene complex".Numerous studies have found that the prion gene family is closely related to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,and it also has significant influences in livestock production and veterinary prevention.Herein,this paper introduced the prion gene family and their coding proteins,and then summarized the effects of the prion gene family in livestock production and the research progress in veterinary prevention,in order to provide new ideas for the improvement of the livestock production and the veterinary prevention.
As a member of the prion gene family,the prion gene(PRNP) encodes the prion protein(prion) that causes the viral infectious disease:the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs).The PRNP gene has many similarities to the other three genes(PRND,PRNT and SPRN) of prion gene family,such as the localization,structure,expression and their encoding proteins,and this gene family is quite conserved among species,therefore the prion gene family is called the "prion gene complex".Numerous studies have found that the prion gene family is closely related to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,and it also has significant influences in livestock production and veterinary prevention.Herein,this paper introduced the prion gene family and their coding proteins,and then summarized the effects of the prion gene family in livestock production and the research progress in veterinary prevention,in order to provide new ideas for the improvement of the livestock production and the veterinary prevention.
引文
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[2] Essalmani R,Taourit S,Besnard N,et al.Sequence determination and expression of the ovine doppel-encoding gene in transgenic mice[J].Gene,2002,285(1-2):287-290.
[3] Luhrs T,Riek R,Guntert P,et al.NMR structure of the human doppel protein[J].J Mol Biol,2003,326(5):1549-1557.
[4] Kim Y C,Jeong B H.The first report of prion-related protein gene PRNT polymorphisms in goat[J].Acta Vet Hungarica,2017,65 (2):291-300.
[5] Pimenta J,Domingos A,Santos P,et al.Is PRNT a pseudogene Identification of ram Prt in testis and ejaculated spermatozoa[J].PLoS One,2012,7(8):e42957.
[6] Premzl M,Gready J E,Jermiin L S,et al.Evolution of vertebrate genes related to prion and Shadoo proteins-Clues from comparative genomic analysis[J].Mol Biol Evol,2004 (21):2210-2231.
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[8] Niedermeyer S,Eiden M,Toumazos P,et al.Genetic,histochemical and biochemical studies on goat TSE cases from Cyprus[J].Vet Res,2016,47(1):99.
[9] Yaman Y,Karada O.Investigation of the prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms in Anatolian,Murrah,and crossbred water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2017,49(2):427-430.
[10] Yang Q,Zhang S H,Liu L L,et al.Application of mathematical expectation (ME) strategy for detecting low frequency mutations:an example for evaluating 14 bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the bovine PRNP gene[J].Prion,2016,10:409-419.
[11] Li J,Erdenee S,Zhang S,et al.Genetic effects of PRNP gene insertion/deletion (indel) on phenotypic traits in sheep[J].Prion,2018,12(1):42-53.
[12] Li J,Zhu X,Ma L,et al.Detection of a new 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within sheep PRND gene using mathematical expectation (ME) method[J].Prion,2017,11(2):143-150.
[13] Ferreira L M,Garcia-Herreros M,Domingos A,et al.Prion protein 2 (dublet) gene (PRND):role in ovine semen capacitation,cryopreservation and fertility[J].Reprod Fertil Dev,2017,29(5):985-997.
[14] Behrens A.Physiological and pathological functions of the prion protein homologue Doppel[J].Br Med Bull,2003,66:35-42.
[15] Li J,Zhang S L,Erdenee S,et al.Nucleotide variants in prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT) and effects on Chinese and Mongolian sheep phenotypes[J].Prion,2018,12:3-4.
[16] Konold T,Thorne L,Simmons H A,et al.Evidence of scrapie transmission to sheep via goat milk[J].BMC Vet Res,2016,12:208.
[17] Wang Z,Manca M,Foutz A,et al.Early preclinical detection of prions in the skin of prion-infected animals[J].Nat Commun,2019,10(1):247.
[18] Arruego B.Role of the celular prion protein in oligodendrocyte precursor cel proliferation and diferentiation in the developing and adult mouse CNS[J].PLoS One,2012,7(4):833-872.
[19] 刘桂林,吴润,于宏伟,等.马立克氏病鸡组织中PRNP基因表达量分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(4):30-36
[20] Genoud N,Behrens A,Miele G,et al.Disruption of Doppel prevents neurodegeneration in mice with extensive Prnp deletions[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(12):4198-4203.
[21] Moore R,Lee I,Silverman G S,et al.Ataxia in prion protein (PrP) deficient mice is associated with upregulation of the novel PrP-like protein doppel[J].J Mol Biol,1999,292(4):797-817.
[22] Travaglino E,Comincini S,Benatti C,et al.Overexpression of the Doppel protein in acute myeloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndromes[J].Br J Haematol,2005,Mar;128(6):877-84.
[23] Comincini S,Facoetti A,Del Vecchio I,et al.Differential expression of the prion-like protein doppel gene (PRND) in astrocytomas:a new molecular marker potentially involved in tumor progression[J].Anticancer Res 2004,24(3):1507-1517.
[24] Al Hilal T A,Chung S W,Choi J U,et al.Targeting prion-like protein doppel selectively suppresses tumor angiogenesis[J].J Clin Invest,2016,126(4):1251-66.
[25] Beck J A,Campbell T A,Adamson G,et al.Association of a null allele of SPRN with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease[J].J Med Genet,2008,45(12):813-7.
[26] 彭坤,张少丽,魏振宇,等.朊蛋白基因家族及其在传染性海绵样脑病(TSEs)中的作用[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(9):77-82.
[27] Nan H,Chen H,Tuite M F,et al.A viral expression factor behaves as a prion[J].Nat Commun,2019,10(1):359.
[2] Essalmani R,Taourit S,Besnard N,et al.Sequence determination and expression of the ovine doppel-encoding gene in transgenic mice[J].Gene,2002,285(1-2):287-290.
[3] Luhrs T,Riek R,Guntert P,et al.NMR structure of the human doppel protein[J].J Mol Biol,2003,326(5):1549-1557.
[4] Kim Y C,Jeong B H.The first report of prion-related protein gene PRNT polymorphisms in goat[J].Acta Vet Hungarica,2017,65 (2):291-300.
[5] Pimenta J,Domingos A,Santos P,et al.Is PRNT a pseudogene Identification of ram Prt in testis and ejaculated spermatozoa[J].PLoS One,2012,7(8):e42957.
[6] Premzl M,Gready J E,Jermiin L S,et al.Evolution of vertebrate genes related to prion and Shadoo proteins-Clues from comparative genomic analysis[J].Mol Biol Evol,2004 (21):2210-2231.
[7] Le Dur A,Béringue V,Andréoletti O,et al.A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes[J].PNAS USA,2005,102(44):16031-16036.
[8] Niedermeyer S,Eiden M,Toumazos P,et al.Genetic,histochemical and biochemical studies on goat TSE cases from Cyprus[J].Vet Res,2016,47(1):99.
[9] Yaman Y,Karada O.Investigation of the prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms in Anatolian,Murrah,and crossbred water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2017,49(2):427-430.
[10] Yang Q,Zhang S H,Liu L L,et al.Application of mathematical expectation (ME) strategy for detecting low frequency mutations:an example for evaluating 14 bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the bovine PRNP gene[J].Prion,2016,10:409-419.
[11] Li J,Erdenee S,Zhang S,et al.Genetic effects of PRNP gene insertion/deletion (indel) on phenotypic traits in sheep[J].Prion,2018,12(1):42-53.
[12] Li J,Zhu X,Ma L,et al.Detection of a new 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within sheep PRND gene using mathematical expectation (ME) method[J].Prion,2017,11(2):143-150.
[13] Ferreira L M,Garcia-Herreros M,Domingos A,et al.Prion protein 2 (dublet) gene (PRND):role in ovine semen capacitation,cryopreservation and fertility[J].Reprod Fertil Dev,2017,29(5):985-997.
[14] Behrens A.Physiological and pathological functions of the prion protein homologue Doppel[J].Br Med Bull,2003,66:35-42.
[15] Li J,Zhang S L,Erdenee S,et al.Nucleotide variants in prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT) and effects on Chinese and Mongolian sheep phenotypes[J].Prion,2018,12:3-4.
[16] Konold T,Thorne L,Simmons H A,et al.Evidence of scrapie transmission to sheep via goat milk[J].BMC Vet Res,2016,12:208.
[17] Wang Z,Manca M,Foutz A,et al.Early preclinical detection of prions in the skin of prion-infected animals[J].Nat Commun,2019,10(1):247.
[18] Arruego B.Role of the celular prion protein in oligodendrocyte precursor cel proliferation and diferentiation in the developing and adult mouse CNS[J].PLoS One,2012,7(4):833-872.
[19] 刘桂林,吴润,于宏伟,等.马立克氏病鸡组织中PRNP基因表达量分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(4):30-36
[20] Genoud N,Behrens A,Miele G,et al.Disruption of Doppel prevents neurodegeneration in mice with extensive Prnp deletions[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(12):4198-4203.
[21] Moore R,Lee I,Silverman G S,et al.Ataxia in prion protein (PrP) deficient mice is associated with upregulation of the novel PrP-like protein doppel[J].J Mol Biol,1999,292(4):797-817.
[22] Travaglino E,Comincini S,Benatti C,et al.Overexpression of the Doppel protein in acute myeloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndromes[J].Br J Haematol,2005,Mar;128(6):877-84.
[23] Comincini S,Facoetti A,Del Vecchio I,et al.Differential expression of the prion-like protein doppel gene (PRND) in astrocytomas:a new molecular marker potentially involved in tumor progression[J].Anticancer Res 2004,24(3):1507-1517.
[24] Al Hilal T A,Chung S W,Choi J U,et al.Targeting prion-like protein doppel selectively suppresses tumor angiogenesis[J].J Clin Invest,2016,126(4):1251-66.
[25] Beck J A,Campbell T A,Adamson G,et al.Association of a null allele of SPRN with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease[J].J Med Genet,2008,45(12):813-7.
[26] 彭坤,张少丽,魏振宇,等.朊蛋白基因家族及其在传染性海绵样脑病(TSEs)中的作用[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(9):77-82.
[27] Nan H,Chen H,Tuite M F,et al.A viral expression factor behaves as a prion[J].Nat Commun,2019,10(1):359.