中国海洋工程科技2035发展战略研究
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摘要
提高海洋资源开发能力,发展海洋经济,保护海洋生态环境,坚决维护国家海洋权益,建设海洋强国是我国重要的长期发展战略目标。从全球视野和经略海洋能力来看,我国尚处于探索和开发海洋的初步阶段,需要将海洋资源探查、工程开发利用、环境保护和国家权益维护作为有机整体,开展海洋强国建设的顶层设计。本研究通过一系列海洋跨学科交叉和集成的技术预见分析,研判我国海洋领域的重要技术方向。从海洋环境立体观测技术与装备、海底资源勘查与开发、海洋生物资源勘查与开发、海水和海洋能资源综合利用、海洋环境安全保障及海洋开发装备6个关键领域,提出了面向2035的我国海洋工程科技的愿景、发展重点、发展战略及发展途径。
It is a critical and long-term strategic goal for China to enhance its capacity to exploit marine resources, develop marine economics, protect the marine ecological environment, uphold maritime rights and interests, and build a maritime power.However, China is still in the preliminary stage of marine exploration; therefore, we need to enhance our ability to utilize and control the ocean from a global perspective.It is urgent that the development and utilization of marine resources—including exploration, engineering exploitation, and environmental protection—and the safeguarding of the rights and interests of the state should be treated as an organic whole in the top-level engineering science and technology designs that are required to build a maritime power.Based on a series of technology foresight analyses that were performed through inter-disciplinary integration, this project puts forward key directions in marine engineering science and technology development.In addition, this paper outlines the development path for China's marine engineering science and technology in six key aspects, including:marine environment stereo-observation technology and equipment, submarine resources exploration and development technology, marine biological resources exploration and development technology, seawater resources and marine energy comprehensive utilization technology, marine environment security technology, and marine development equipment.This paper presents the scientific and technological vision, key points of development, development strategy, and development path for China's marine engineering science and technology to 2035.
It is a critical and long-term strategic goal for China to enhance its capacity to exploit marine resources, develop marine economics, protect the marine ecological environment, uphold maritime rights and interests, and build a maritime power.However, China is still in the preliminary stage of marine exploration; therefore, we need to enhance our ability to utilize and control the ocean from a global perspective.It is urgent that the development and utilization of marine resources—including exploration, engineering exploitation, and environmental protection—and the safeguarding of the rights and interests of the state should be treated as an organic whole in the top-level engineering science and technology designs that are required to build a maritime power.Based on a series of technology foresight analyses that were performed through inter-disciplinary integration, this project puts forward key directions in marine engineering science and technology development.In addition, this paper outlines the development path for China's marine engineering science and technology in six key aspects, including:marine environment stereo-observation technology and equipment, submarine resources exploration and development technology, marine biological resources exploration and development technology, seawater resources and marine energy comprehensive utilization technology, marine environment security technology, and marine development equipment.This paper presents the scientific and technological vision, key points of development, development strategy, and development path for China's marine engineering science and technology to 2035.
引文
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[7]“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋环境与生态课题组.海洋环境与生态工程发展战略研究[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):41–48.Task Force for the Study on Development Strategy of China’s Marine Engineering and Technology Marine Environment&Ecological Engineering Research Group.Study on the development strategy of marine environment and ecological engineering in China[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):41–48.
[8]徐玉如,李彭超.水下机器人发展趋势[J].自然杂志,2011,33(3):125–132.Xu Y R,Li P C.Developing tendency of unmanned underwater vehicles[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2011,33(3):125–132.
[9]陈明宝,韩立民.“21世纪海上丝绸之路”蓝色经济国际合作:驱动因素、领域识别与机制构建[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):98–104.Chen M B,Han L M.Driving factors,areas of cooperation and mechanisms for international cooperation in the blue economy of the 21st-century maritime silk road[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):98–104.
[2]“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”项目综合组.海洋工程技术强国战略[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):1–9.Task Force for the Study on Development Strategy of China’s Marine Engineering and Technology Comprehensive Research Group.Development strategy of marine engineering and technology power[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):1–9.
[3]中华人民共和国国务院.中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要(草案)[R].北京:中华人民共和国国务院,2016.The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.The 13th Five-Year Plan of development of national ocean economy[R].Beijing:The State Council of the People’s Republic of China,2016.
[4]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020)[R].北京:中华人民共和国国务院,2012.The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.The outline of the national program for long and medium term scientific and technological development(2006–2020)[R].Beijing:The State Council of the People’s Republic of China,2012.
[5]王芳.中国海洋强国的理论与实践[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):55–60.Wang F.Theory and practice of maritime power[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):55–60.
[6]“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋运载课题组.海洋运载工程发展战略研究[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):10–18.Task Force for the Study on Development Strategy of China’s Marine Engineering and Technology Marine Transportation Research Group.Research on China’s development strategy for marine transportation engineering[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):10–18.
[7]“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋环境与生态课题组.海洋环境与生态工程发展战略研究[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):41–48.Task Force for the Study on Development Strategy of China’s Marine Engineering and Technology Marine Environment&Ecological Engineering Research Group.Study on the development strategy of marine environment and ecological engineering in China[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):41–48.
[8]徐玉如,李彭超.水下机器人发展趋势[J].自然杂志,2011,33(3):125–132.Xu Y R,Li P C.Developing tendency of unmanned underwater vehicles[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2011,33(3):125–132.
[9]陈明宝,韩立民.“21世纪海上丝绸之路”蓝色经济国际合作:驱动因素、领域识别与机制构建[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(2):98–104.Chen M B,Han L M.Driving factors,areas of cooperation and mechanisms for international cooperation in the blue economy of the 21st-century maritime silk road[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2016,18(2):98–104.