摘要
细胞微环境与细胞的相互作用日益成为细胞生物学领域研究热点。微环境中物理信号(如基底的力学性能、形貌和牵张力)在控制细胞命运中的作用更不容忽视。其中力学刺激常以不均一的梯度形式参与调节发育、炎症、伤口愈合以及癌症过程中不同细胞的增殖、迁移和分化等行为。水凝胶是模拟细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)二维/三维组织支架的理想材料。先进的微纳制造技术已被广泛应用于支撑或包裹细胞的仿生水凝胶的合成和微环境的个性化定制研究中。本文阐述了体内细胞力学微环境中刚度和拉压应力刺激的构建方法与表征手段的研究现状,并着重综述了近年来水凝胶在细胞梯度力学微环境体外构建中的应用研究,同时也对未来研究中所面临的挑战提出了新的展望。这些工作对于组织工程及再生医学具有重要意义。
In vivo cells live in a complex microenvironment, which plays a vital role in maintaining cell functions. Many investigations have revealed that in vivo cells respond to various gradient mechanical stimuli, which can regulate cell behavior and guide cell fate. Hydrogels are widely applied to engineering cell microenvironment due to their hydrated environment and tunable properties(e.g., mechanical, chemical and biocompatible), similar to the native extracellular matrix. Herein, the methods of construction, detection and characterization of cell mechanical microenvironment, especially stiffness and tensile/compressive stress, were described. The latest research progress of hydrogels, which are selected as an appropriate matrix for mimicking 2 D and 3 D cell mechanical microenvironment, was introduced. What's more, the new technologies and methods for the construction of gradient mechanical microenvironment and its implications in controlling the development, healing, and homeostasis attainment were highlighted. And, some challenges and the expectations in the application of gradient mechanical microenvironment in tissue remodeling and regeneration medicine were also proposed.
引文
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