变压器短路累积效应评估方法及试验分析
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摘要
电力变压器在运行周期内可能会承受多次短路冲击,国家标准GB 1094.5—2008和国际电工委员会标准IEC 60076-5:2006提出的试验方法是对变压器进行100%短路电流考核值的冲击,没有涉及多次短路冲击累积效应的考核方法。对此,首先对由冲击次数的累积作用引起的电动力动稳定问题进行分析,提出通过试验或理论研究方式来确定变压器短路累积效应系数的方法。该方法将累积效应数据化,可对变压器在整个寿命周期内能够承受不同比例短路电流的累积次数进行评估。其次,对累积效应涉及的因短路时间较长、热效应引起材料特性变化,从而导致的短路损坏问题,以及一定使用年限后,绝缘材料老化引起的绕组机械特性劣化进行分析。最后对2台旧变压器进行多次短路累积试验,提出变压器产品耐受短路累积效应的加强措施。
The power transformer is likely to bear multiple short-circuit shocks during its operation period. The test methods specified in national standard GB 1094.5—2008 and IEC 60076-5:2006 are running shocks of 100% short-circuit current on the transformer while neglecting check methods for accumulative effect of multiple short-circuit shocks. Therefore, this papa firstly analyzes dynamic stability of electrodynamic force caused by accumulative effect of shock times and proposes a method of determining short-circuit accumulation effect coefficient of the transformer by test or theoretical research. This method can digitalize the accumulative effect and evaluate accumulative times of short-circuit current with different proportions borne by the transformer during the whole life cycle. Secondly, problems of short-circuit damage caused by changes of material characteristics due to long short-circuit time and heating effect in accumulative effect as well as degradation of winding mechanical characteristic caused by aging of insulating materials after a certain service life period are analyzed. Finally, accumulative tests for multiple short-circuit shocks are performed on two old transformers so as to propose strengthening measures for tolerating short-circuit accumulative effect by transformer products.
The power transformer is likely to bear multiple short-circuit shocks during its operation period. The test methods specified in national standard GB 1094.5—2008 and IEC 60076-5:2006 are running shocks of 100% short-circuit current on the transformer while neglecting check methods for accumulative effect of multiple short-circuit shocks. Therefore, this papa firstly analyzes dynamic stability of electrodynamic force caused by accumulative effect of shock times and proposes a method of determining short-circuit accumulation effect coefficient of the transformer by test or theoretical research. This method can digitalize the accumulative effect and evaluate accumulative times of short-circuit current with different proportions borne by the transformer during the whole life cycle. Secondly, problems of short-circuit damage caused by changes of material characteristics due to long short-circuit time and heating effect in accumulative effect as well as degradation of winding mechanical characteristic caused by aging of insulating materials after a certain service life period are analyzed. Finally, accumulative tests for multiple short-circuit shocks are performed on two old transformers so as to propose strengthening measures for tolerating short-circuit accumulative effect by transformer products.
引文
[1]杨玥,汪鹏,顾宇宏,等.利用绕组电容量及短路阻抗试验综合判定变压器绕组变形方法分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2016,34(6):23-27.YANG Yue,WANG Peng,GU Yuhong,et al.Analysis of judging method for transformer winding doformation based on winding electric capacity and short circuit impedance tests[J].Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2016,34(6):23-27.
[2]GB1094.5-2008,电力变压器(第5部分):承受短路能力[S].
[3]IEC 60076-5:2006,Power transformers-part5:ability to withstand short circuit[S].
[4]李林达,李正绪,孙实源.电力变压器短路累积效应研究综述[J].变压器,2017,54(2):24-31.LI Linda,LI Zhengxu,SUN Shiyuan.Research review on short-circuit cumulative effect of power transformer[J].Transformer,2017,54(2):24-31.
[5]贺以燕,杨治业.变压器试验技术大全[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2005.
[6]王丽丽,李永刚,张建忠.变压器短路时导线应力和绕组强度的探讨[J].变压器,2013,50(2):20-25.WANG Lili,LI yonggang,ZHANG Jianzhong.Discussion on conductor stress and winding strength during short circuit of transformer[J].Transformer,2013,50(2):20-25.
[7]杨毅,张楚,刘石.基于振动的油浸式电力变压器短路累积效应试验研究[J].广东电力,2016,29(12):115-120.YANG Yi,ZHANG Chu,LIU shi.Experiment on short circuit cumulative effect of oil-immersed power transformer based on vibration signals[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2016,29(12):115-120.
[8]汲胜昌,程锦,李彦明.油浸式电力变压器绕组与铁心振动特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(6):616-619.JI Shengchang,CHENG Jin,LI Yanming.Research on vibration characteristics of windings and core of oil filled transformer[J].Journal of Xian Jiaotong University,2005,39(6):616-619.
[9]张博.多次短路冲击条件下的大型变压器绕组强度与稳定性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.
[9]JOCHEN C,KURT F.Procedures for detecting winding displacements in power transformers by the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):214-220.
[10]DL/T911-2016,电力变压器绕组变形频率响应分析法[S].
[11]DL/T1723-2017,1 000 kV油浸式变压器(电抗器)状态检修技术导则[S].
[12]DL/T1684-2017,油浸式变压器(电抗器)状态检修导则[S].
[13]张静波.冀北电网老旧变压器抗短路能力评估分析及治理措施研究[D].北京:华北电力大学2013.
[14]左秀江,杨玉新,刘辰,等.220 kV变电站主变压器大修后短路故障试验分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2017,35(5):82-84,100.ZUO Xiujiang,YANG Yuxin,LIU Chen,et al.Experiment analysis of main transformer short-circuit fault in220 kV substation overhaul[J].Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2017,35(5):82-84,100.
[15]王佳琳,黎大健,赵坚.基于状态评价的老旧变压器大修改造工作分析[J].广西电力,2015,38(2):41-42.WANG Jialin,LI dajian,ZHAOJian.Analysis of old transformer overhaul based on state evaluation[J].Guangxi Electric Power,2015,38(2):41-42.
[16]何文林,邵先军,赵寿生,等.面向对象的运行中变压器抗短路能力评估方法与应用研究[J].浙江电力,2016,35(7):1-7.HE Wenlin,SHAO Xianjun,ZHAO Shousheng,et al.Object-oriented anti-short circuit ability evaluation method and its application of in-service transformer[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(7):1-7.
[17]王恒,黄方能.预防220 kV变压器受短路冲击损坏事故的一种措施[J].电力设备,2008,9(3):65-68.WANG Heng,HUANG Fangneng.Study and application on measures of protecting220 kV transformer short circuit faults[J].Electrical Equipment,2008,9(3):65-68.
[18]李英,杨力军,辛朝辉.大型变压器绕组结构对漏磁场及短路电动力的影响[J].变压器,2010,47(11):1-6.LI Ying,YANG Lijun,XIN Zhaohui.Effect of large transformer winding structure on leakage magnetic field and short-circuit electrodynamic force[J].Transformer,2010,47(11):1-6.
[19]桂顺生,傅坚,姜益民,等.轴向预紧力对变压器绕组振动响应幅值的影响[J].电工技术,2009(2):12-13.
[20]傅晨钊,黄华,魏本刚.变压器短路故障概率模型与估算方法研究[J].华东电力,2010(12):1862-1865.FU Chenzhao,HUANG Hua,WEI Bengang.Study on probability model and estimation method for short-circuit fault of transformer[J].East China Electric Power,2010(12):1862-1865.
[21]俞茂鋐,汪惠雄.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[22]变压器制造技术丛书编审委员会.变压器绕组制造工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[23]李正绪,李林达,孙实源,等.电力变压器短路微形变累积效应试验[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):92-95.LI Zhengxu,LI Linda,SUN shiyuan.Accumulation effect test for power transformer short-circuit micro-deformation[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):92-95.
[24]符杨,周中明,潘博.基于短路冲击累积效应的电力变压器状态检测系统[J].上海电力学院学报,2001(12):1-6.FU Yang,ZHOU Zhongming,PAN Bo.Status detection system of power transformer based on effect of short-circuit impulse[J].Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power,2001(12):1-6.
[25]李福辉,高素霞.热粘合换位导线的研究[J].变压器,2008,45(9):18-22.LI Fuhui,GAO Suxia.Research on thermal bonding transposed conductor[J].Transformer,2008,45(9):18-22.
[26]徐志军.关于自粘漆包扁线粘结力测试方法的研究[J].变压器,2013,50(3):37-40.XU Zhijun.Research on test methods of bonding strength of self-bonding enameled rectangular section conductor[J].Transformer,2013,50(3):37-40.
[27]徐志军.自粘换位导线整体抗弯曲试验方法研究[J].变压器,2013,50(12):55-57.XU Zhijun.Research on test method of radial bending test of self-bonding continuously transposed conductors[J].Transformer,2013,50(12):55-57.
[28]曹永义,王春红,马晓明,等.换位导线用自粘性漆包扁线的粘合强度研究[J].电线电缆,2014(2):16-18.CAO Yongyi,WANG Chunhong,MA Xiaoming.Adhesive property research of epoxy enameled flat wire for CTC[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2014(2):16-18.
[29]JB/T6758-2007,换位导线:第一部分通用要求[S].
[30]李秀广,张凡,汲胜昌.温度及老化程度对变压器绝缘纸板复弹性模量的影响[J].高压电器,2018,54(7):211-216.LI Xiuguang,ZHANG Fan,JI Shengchang.Influence of temperature and degradation degree on complex elastic modulus of transformer insulation pressboard[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(7):211-216.
[2]GB1094.5-2008,电力变压器(第5部分):承受短路能力[S].
[3]IEC 60076-5:2006,Power transformers-part5:ability to withstand short circuit[S].
[4]李林达,李正绪,孙实源.电力变压器短路累积效应研究综述[J].变压器,2017,54(2):24-31.LI Linda,LI Zhengxu,SUN Shiyuan.Research review on short-circuit cumulative effect of power transformer[J].Transformer,2017,54(2):24-31.
[5]贺以燕,杨治业.变压器试验技术大全[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2005.
[6]王丽丽,李永刚,张建忠.变压器短路时导线应力和绕组强度的探讨[J].变压器,2013,50(2):20-25.WANG Lili,LI yonggang,ZHANG Jianzhong.Discussion on conductor stress and winding strength during short circuit of transformer[J].Transformer,2013,50(2):20-25.
[7]杨毅,张楚,刘石.基于振动的油浸式电力变压器短路累积效应试验研究[J].广东电力,2016,29(12):115-120.YANG Yi,ZHANG Chu,LIU shi.Experiment on short circuit cumulative effect of oil-immersed power transformer based on vibration signals[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2016,29(12):115-120.
[8]汲胜昌,程锦,李彦明.油浸式电力变压器绕组与铁心振动特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(6):616-619.JI Shengchang,CHENG Jin,LI Yanming.Research on vibration characteristics of windings and core of oil filled transformer[J].Journal of Xian Jiaotong University,2005,39(6):616-619.
[9]张博.多次短路冲击条件下的大型变压器绕组强度与稳定性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.
[9]JOCHEN C,KURT F.Procedures for detecting winding displacements in power transformers by the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):214-220.
[10]DL/T911-2016,电力变压器绕组变形频率响应分析法[S].
[11]DL/T1723-2017,1 000 kV油浸式变压器(电抗器)状态检修技术导则[S].
[12]DL/T1684-2017,油浸式变压器(电抗器)状态检修导则[S].
[13]张静波.冀北电网老旧变压器抗短路能力评估分析及治理措施研究[D].北京:华北电力大学2013.
[14]左秀江,杨玉新,刘辰,等.220 kV变电站主变压器大修后短路故障试验分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2017,35(5):82-84,100.ZUO Xiujiang,YANG Yuxin,LIU Chen,et al.Experiment analysis of main transformer short-circuit fault in220 kV substation overhaul[J].Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2017,35(5):82-84,100.
[15]王佳琳,黎大健,赵坚.基于状态评价的老旧变压器大修改造工作分析[J].广西电力,2015,38(2):41-42.WANG Jialin,LI dajian,ZHAOJian.Analysis of old transformer overhaul based on state evaluation[J].Guangxi Electric Power,2015,38(2):41-42.
[16]何文林,邵先军,赵寿生,等.面向对象的运行中变压器抗短路能力评估方法与应用研究[J].浙江电力,2016,35(7):1-7.HE Wenlin,SHAO Xianjun,ZHAO Shousheng,et al.Object-oriented anti-short circuit ability evaluation method and its application of in-service transformer[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(7):1-7.
[17]王恒,黄方能.预防220 kV变压器受短路冲击损坏事故的一种措施[J].电力设备,2008,9(3):65-68.WANG Heng,HUANG Fangneng.Study and application on measures of protecting220 kV transformer short circuit faults[J].Electrical Equipment,2008,9(3):65-68.
[18]李英,杨力军,辛朝辉.大型变压器绕组结构对漏磁场及短路电动力的影响[J].变压器,2010,47(11):1-6.LI Ying,YANG Lijun,XIN Zhaohui.Effect of large transformer winding structure on leakage magnetic field and short-circuit electrodynamic force[J].Transformer,2010,47(11):1-6.
[19]桂顺生,傅坚,姜益民,等.轴向预紧力对变压器绕组振动响应幅值的影响[J].电工技术,2009(2):12-13.
[20]傅晨钊,黄华,魏本刚.变压器短路故障概率模型与估算方法研究[J].华东电力,2010(12):1862-1865.FU Chenzhao,HUANG Hua,WEI Bengang.Study on probability model and estimation method for short-circuit fault of transformer[J].East China Electric Power,2010(12):1862-1865.
[21]俞茂鋐,汪惠雄.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[22]变压器制造技术丛书编审委员会.变压器绕组制造工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[23]李正绪,李林达,孙实源,等.电力变压器短路微形变累积效应试验[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):92-95.LI Zhengxu,LI Linda,SUN shiyuan.Accumulation effect test for power transformer short-circuit micro-deformation[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):92-95.
[24]符杨,周中明,潘博.基于短路冲击累积效应的电力变压器状态检测系统[J].上海电力学院学报,2001(12):1-6.FU Yang,ZHOU Zhongming,PAN Bo.Status detection system of power transformer based on effect of short-circuit impulse[J].Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power,2001(12):1-6.
[25]李福辉,高素霞.热粘合换位导线的研究[J].变压器,2008,45(9):18-22.LI Fuhui,GAO Suxia.Research on thermal bonding transposed conductor[J].Transformer,2008,45(9):18-22.
[26]徐志军.关于自粘漆包扁线粘结力测试方法的研究[J].变压器,2013,50(3):37-40.XU Zhijun.Research on test methods of bonding strength of self-bonding enameled rectangular section conductor[J].Transformer,2013,50(3):37-40.
[27]徐志军.自粘换位导线整体抗弯曲试验方法研究[J].变压器,2013,50(12):55-57.XU Zhijun.Research on test method of radial bending test of self-bonding continuously transposed conductors[J].Transformer,2013,50(12):55-57.
[28]曹永义,王春红,马晓明,等.换位导线用自粘性漆包扁线的粘合强度研究[J].电线电缆,2014(2):16-18.CAO Yongyi,WANG Chunhong,MA Xiaoming.Adhesive property research of epoxy enameled flat wire for CTC[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2014(2):16-18.
[29]JB/T6758-2007,换位导线:第一部分通用要求[S].
[30]李秀广,张凡,汲胜昌.温度及老化程度对变压器绝缘纸板复弹性模量的影响[J].高压电器,2018,54(7):211-216.LI Xiuguang,ZHANG Fan,JI Shengchang.Influence of temperature and degradation degree on complex elastic modulus of transformer insulation pressboard[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(7):211-216.