土石混合体斜坡地质结构精细探测新途径及其应用
|
摘要
土石混合体滑坡具有分布范围广、发生频率高、规律性差等显著特点,是西部山区及其重大工程建设中最为常见的灾害类型之一,其内部复杂的土-石结构是构成该类滑坡防治困难的关键因素。为了获取土石混合体斜坡接近真实的地质结构,提出通过探窗组合法,即采用高分辨的地球物理勘探方法进行地质结构探测,并借助探坑土石结构的图像处理技术予以补充,以初步实现地质结构的精细探测及宏-细观结构模型的统一。应用该方法,对湖南省南岳区拜殿乡土石混合体斜坡进行地质结构探测,获得了该斜坡接近真实的精细地质模型。该研究方法可为揭示滑坡形成演化的结构控制机制提供基础,使滑坡的预测和防治工作更加科学合理。
Soil-rock mixture landslides present obvious features such as wide distribution, high frequency of occurrence and poor regularity, which have become one of the most common geological disaster types in the western mountainous area and its key construction projects. The complex internal soil-rock structure is the critical factor leading to the difficulty of preventing and controlling the landslides. Hence, a new method by combining the geophysical prospecting and trenching was proposed to acquire the nearly realistic geological structure of soil-rock mixture landslides. The prospecting geological structure was conducted by high-resolution geophysical exploration techniques and supplemented using digital image processing of trench section. Thus, the precise geological structure of soil-rock mixture deposit was obtained, and the integration of macroscopic and mesoscopic geological structure was preliminarily achieved by the method. The proposed combination method was applied to investigate the precise detection of geological structure within the soil-rock mixture landslide in Baidian township of Nanyue district in Hunan province, and then the nearly realistic geological structure was obtained. This study provides a basis for revealing the structural control mechanism of the formation and evolution of landslides and makes the prediction and prevention of landslides more reasonably and scientifically.
Soil-rock mixture landslides present obvious features such as wide distribution, high frequency of occurrence and poor regularity, which have become one of the most common geological disaster types in the western mountainous area and its key construction projects. The complex internal soil-rock structure is the critical factor leading to the difficulty of preventing and controlling the landslides. Hence, a new method by combining the geophysical prospecting and trenching was proposed to acquire the nearly realistic geological structure of soil-rock mixture landslides. The prospecting geological structure was conducted by high-resolution geophysical exploration techniques and supplemented using digital image processing of trench section. Thus, the precise geological structure of soil-rock mixture deposit was obtained, and the integration of macroscopic and mesoscopic geological structure was preliminarily achieved by the method. The proposed combination method was applied to investigate the precise detection of geological structure within the soil-rock mixture landslide in Baidian township of Nanyue district in Hunan province, and then the nearly realistic geological structure was obtained. This study provides a basis for revealing the structural control mechanism of the formation and evolution of landslides and makes the prediction and prevention of landslides more reasonably and scientifically.
引文
[1]许胜保.物探电测深方法在三峡库区滑坡体勘察中的应用效果[J].西部探矿工程,2005,17(10):209-210.XU Sheng-bao.Application effect of geophysical sounding method in landslide investigation of Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,17(10):209-210.
[2]SASS O,KRAUTBLATTER M.Debris flow-dominated and rockfall-dominated talus slopes:Genetic models derived from GPR measurements[J].Geomorphology,2007,86(1):176-192.
[3]李富,吾守艾力,艾斯卡尔,等.综合物探方法在滑坡体勘察中的应用[J].人民长江,2012,43(增刊1):44-47.LI Fu,WUSHOU Ai-li,AISI Ka-er,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting method in landslide investigation[J].Yangtze River,2012,43(Supp.1):44-47.
[4]张慧颖,徐兴倩,苏立君,等.碎石土滑坡剪切波速度结构分析[J].工程勘察,2016,44(4):72-78.ZHANG Hui-ying,XU Xing-qian,SU Li-jun,et al.Analysis on shear wave velocity of gravel landslide[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2016,44(4):72-78.
[5]油新华.土石混合体的随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北京:北方交通大学,2001.YOU Xin-hua.Stochastic structural model of the earthrock aggregate and its application[D].Beijing:North China University of Technology,2001.
[6]油新华,何刚,李晓.土石混合体边坡的细观处理技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1):18-21.YOU Xin-hua,HE Gang,LI Xiao.Meso-handling technology of earth-rock aggregate slope[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2003,30(1):18-21.
[7]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.基于数字图像分析及大型直剪试验的土石混合体块石含量与抗剪强度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):996-1007.XU Wen-jie,HU Rui-lin,YUE Zhong-qi,et al.Research on relationship between rock block proportion and shear strength of soil-rock mixtures based on digital image analysis and large direct shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):996-1007.
[8]徐文杰,胡瑞林,王艳萍.基于数字图像的非均质岩土材料细观结构PFC2D模型[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):358-362.XU Wen-jie,HU Rui-lin,WANG Yan-ping.PFC2D model for mesostructure of inhomogeneous geomaterial based on digital image processing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):358-362.
[9]徐文杰,王玉杰,陈祖煜,等.基于数字图像技术的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,28(增刊1):341-346.XU Wen-jie,WANG Yu-jie,CHEN Zu-yu,et al.Stability analysis of soil-rock mixed slope based on digital image technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,28(Supp.1):341-346.
[10]廖秋林,李晓,朱万成.基于数码图像土石混合体结构建模及其力学结构效应的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):155-162.LIAO Qiu-lin,LI Xiao,ZHU Wan-cheng.Structure model construction of rock and soil aggregate based on digital image technology and its numerical simulation on mechanical structure effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):155-162.
[11]丁秀丽,李耀旭,王新.基于数字图像的土石混合体力学性质的颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):477-484.DING Xiu-li,LI Yao-xu,WANG Xin.Particle flow modeling mechanical properties of soil and rock mixtures based on digital image[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):477-484.
[12]周剑,张路青,戴福初,等.基于黏结颗粒模型某滑坡土石混合体直剪试验数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊1):2650-2659.ZHOU Jian,ZHANG Lu-qing,DAI Fu-chu,et al.Numerical simulation of direct shear tests for rock and soil mixture in a landslide based on bonded-particle model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.1):2650-2659.
[13]李长圣,张丹,王宏宪,等.基于CT扫描的土石混合体三维数值网格的建立[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2731-2736.LI Chang-sheng,ZHANG Dan,WANG Hong-xian,et al.3D mesh generation for soil-rock mixture based on CT scanning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2731-2736.
[14]TOKSOZ M N,LACOSS R T.Microseisms:Mode structure and sources[J].Science,1968,159(3817):872-873.
[15]AKI K.Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves,with special reference to microtremors[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute,1957,35:415-456.
[16]LING S Q.Research on the estimation of phase velocities of surface waves in microtremors[D].Japan:Hokkaido University,1994.
[17]OKADA H,SUTO K,ASTEN M W.The microtremor survey method[J].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2004,12:1-135
[18]徐佩芬,侍文,凌苏群,等.二维微动剖面探测“孤石”:以深圳地铁7号线为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):2120-2128.XU Pei-fen,SHI Wen,LING Su-qun,et al.Mapping spherically weathered"boulders"using 2d microtremor profiling method:A case study along subway line 7 in Shenzhen.[J]Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):2120-2128.
[19]徐佩芬,李世豪,杜建国,等.微动探测:地层分层和隐伏断裂构造探测的新方法[J].岩石学报,2013,29(5):1841-1845.XU Pei-fen,LI Shi-hao,DU Jian-guo,et al.Microtremor survey method:A new geophysical method fordividing strata and detecting the buried fault structures[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(5):1841-1845.
[20]唐建一,徐东升,刘华北.含石量对土石混合体剪切特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):93-102.TANG Jian-yi,XU Dong-sheng,LIU Hua-bei.Effect of gravel content on shear behavior of sand-gravel mixture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):93-102.
[21]LINDQUIST E S.The strength and deformation properties of mélange[D].Berkeley:University of California at Berkeley,1994.
[22]MEDLEY E,LINDQUIST E S.The engineering significance of the scale-independence of some Franciscan melanges in California,USA[C]//Proceedings of the 35th US Rock Mechanics Symposium.Rotterdam:Balkema A A,1995:907-914.
[2]SASS O,KRAUTBLATTER M.Debris flow-dominated and rockfall-dominated talus slopes:Genetic models derived from GPR measurements[J].Geomorphology,2007,86(1):176-192.
[3]李富,吾守艾力,艾斯卡尔,等.综合物探方法在滑坡体勘察中的应用[J].人民长江,2012,43(增刊1):44-47.LI Fu,WUSHOU Ai-li,AISI Ka-er,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting method in landslide investigation[J].Yangtze River,2012,43(Supp.1):44-47.
[4]张慧颖,徐兴倩,苏立君,等.碎石土滑坡剪切波速度结构分析[J].工程勘察,2016,44(4):72-78.ZHANG Hui-ying,XU Xing-qian,SU Li-jun,et al.Analysis on shear wave velocity of gravel landslide[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2016,44(4):72-78.
[5]油新华.土石混合体的随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北京:北方交通大学,2001.YOU Xin-hua.Stochastic structural model of the earthrock aggregate and its application[D].Beijing:North China University of Technology,2001.
[6]油新华,何刚,李晓.土石混合体边坡的细观处理技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1):18-21.YOU Xin-hua,HE Gang,LI Xiao.Meso-handling technology of earth-rock aggregate slope[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2003,30(1):18-21.
[7]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.基于数字图像分析及大型直剪试验的土石混合体块石含量与抗剪强度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):996-1007.XU Wen-jie,HU Rui-lin,YUE Zhong-qi,et al.Research on relationship between rock block proportion and shear strength of soil-rock mixtures based on digital image analysis and large direct shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):996-1007.
[8]徐文杰,胡瑞林,王艳萍.基于数字图像的非均质岩土材料细观结构PFC2D模型[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):358-362.XU Wen-jie,HU Rui-lin,WANG Yan-ping.PFC2D model for mesostructure of inhomogeneous geomaterial based on digital image processing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):358-362.
[9]徐文杰,王玉杰,陈祖煜,等.基于数字图像技术的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,28(增刊1):341-346.XU Wen-jie,WANG Yu-jie,CHEN Zu-yu,et al.Stability analysis of soil-rock mixed slope based on digital image technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,28(Supp.1):341-346.
[10]廖秋林,李晓,朱万成.基于数码图像土石混合体结构建模及其力学结构效应的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):155-162.LIAO Qiu-lin,LI Xiao,ZHU Wan-cheng.Structure model construction of rock and soil aggregate based on digital image technology and its numerical simulation on mechanical structure effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):155-162.
[11]丁秀丽,李耀旭,王新.基于数字图像的土石混合体力学性质的颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):477-484.DING Xiu-li,LI Yao-xu,WANG Xin.Particle flow modeling mechanical properties of soil and rock mixtures based on digital image[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):477-484.
[12]周剑,张路青,戴福初,等.基于黏结颗粒模型某滑坡土石混合体直剪试验数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊1):2650-2659.ZHOU Jian,ZHANG Lu-qing,DAI Fu-chu,et al.Numerical simulation of direct shear tests for rock and soil mixture in a landslide based on bonded-particle model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.1):2650-2659.
[13]李长圣,张丹,王宏宪,等.基于CT扫描的土石混合体三维数值网格的建立[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2731-2736.LI Chang-sheng,ZHANG Dan,WANG Hong-xian,et al.3D mesh generation for soil-rock mixture based on CT scanning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2731-2736.
[14]TOKSOZ M N,LACOSS R T.Microseisms:Mode structure and sources[J].Science,1968,159(3817):872-873.
[15]AKI K.Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves,with special reference to microtremors[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute,1957,35:415-456.
[16]LING S Q.Research on the estimation of phase velocities of surface waves in microtremors[D].Japan:Hokkaido University,1994.
[17]OKADA H,SUTO K,ASTEN M W.The microtremor survey method[J].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2004,12:1-135
[18]徐佩芬,侍文,凌苏群,等.二维微动剖面探测“孤石”:以深圳地铁7号线为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):2120-2128.XU Pei-fen,SHI Wen,LING Su-qun,et al.Mapping spherically weathered"boulders"using 2d microtremor profiling method:A case study along subway line 7 in Shenzhen.[J]Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):2120-2128.
[19]徐佩芬,李世豪,杜建国,等.微动探测:地层分层和隐伏断裂构造探测的新方法[J].岩石学报,2013,29(5):1841-1845.XU Pei-fen,LI Shi-hao,DU Jian-guo,et al.Microtremor survey method:A new geophysical method fordividing strata and detecting the buried fault structures[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(5):1841-1845.
[20]唐建一,徐东升,刘华北.含石量对土石混合体剪切特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):93-102.TANG Jian-yi,XU Dong-sheng,LIU Hua-bei.Effect of gravel content on shear behavior of sand-gravel mixture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):93-102.
[21]LINDQUIST E S.The strength and deformation properties of mélange[D].Berkeley:University of California at Berkeley,1994.
[22]MEDLEY E,LINDQUIST E S.The engineering significance of the scale-independence of some Franciscan melanges in California,USA[C]//Proceedings of the 35th US Rock Mechanics Symposium.Rotterdam:Balkema A A,1995:907-914.