土地流转行为、农业机械化服务与农户农业增收——基于CFPS2016数据的经验分析
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摘要
土地流转分化了农村劳动力,使得农业机械化服务不仅是新型农业经营主体,更是小农户、兼职农户进行农业作业的技术首选。农业收入作为农户脱贫的最后屏障,农业增收是推进脱贫攻坚和实现农业现代化的执本之举。本文在理论部分剖析了土地流转行为、农业机械化服务与农户农业增收的作用机制,并提出本文假说,进一步采用中国家庭追踪调查微观数据(2016CFPS)进行了实证检验。研究证实:第一,土地转入行为、农业机械化服务显著推动农户农业增收,且表现出鲜明的个体异质性和地区差异性。土地转入、农业机械化服务对高收入的影响系数大于低农业收入农户。东部地区的农业机械化服务对农户农业收入的影响系数最为显著,东北地区的土地转入对农户农业收入的影响系数最大;第二,农业机械化服务是土地流转促进农业增收的重要渠道。此外,社会网络关系、政府补助、集体分配土地、家庭定期存款、个体经营行为等也是影响农户农业收入的重要因素。鉴此,应进一步深化土地制度改革、健全农业机械化服务、壮大农村集体经济、引导小农户融入现代农业体系等。
Land transfer differentiates rural labor force,making agricultural mechanization service not only the main body of new types of agricultural businesses,but also the preferred technology for small farmers and part-time farmers to carry out agricultural operations. Agricultural income is the last protection for farmers to get rid of poverty. Increasing agricultural income is a fundamental measure to promote poverty alleviation and realize agricultural modernization. In the theoretical part,this paper analyses the mechanism among land transfer behavior,agricultural mechanization services and farmers' increasing agricultural income,then puts forward the hypothesis of this paper,which is further tested by using CFPS2016. The research confirms that: firstly,land transfer behavior and Agricultural Mechanization Service significantly promote farmers' agricultural income,and show distinct individual heterogeneity and regional differences. The impact coefficient of land transfer and agricultural mechanization services on high income is greater than that of low-income farmers. Agricultural mechanization services and land transfer have the greatest impact on farmers' agricultural income in the eastern region and northeast region respectively. Secondly,agricultural mechanization services was an important channel for land transfer to promote agricultural income. In addition,social network relations,allocation of collective land,government subsidies,family time deposits and individual business behavior are also important factors. Further,we presents some proper suggestions.
Land transfer differentiates rural labor force,making agricultural mechanization service not only the main body of new types of agricultural businesses,but also the preferred technology for small farmers and part-time farmers to carry out agricultural operations. Agricultural income is the last protection for farmers to get rid of poverty. Increasing agricultural income is a fundamental measure to promote poverty alleviation and realize agricultural modernization. In the theoretical part,this paper analyses the mechanism among land transfer behavior,agricultural mechanization services and farmers' increasing agricultural income,then puts forward the hypothesis of this paper,which is further tested by using CFPS2016. The research confirms that: firstly,land transfer behavior and Agricultural Mechanization Service significantly promote farmers' agricultural income,and show distinct individual heterogeneity and regional differences. The impact coefficient of land transfer and agricultural mechanization services on high income is greater than that of low-income farmers. Agricultural mechanization services and land transfer have the greatest impact on farmers' agricultural income in the eastern region and northeast region respectively. Secondly,agricultural mechanization services was an important channel for land transfer to promote agricultural income. In addition,social network relations,allocation of collective land,government subsidies,family time deposits and individual business behavior are also important factors. Further,we presents some proper suggestions.
引文
[1]刘明辉、刘灿:《精准扶贫的可持续发展研究---基于〈资本论〉的贫困理论》,《苏州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2018年第2期。
[2]Montalvo J G.,Ravallion M.,2010,The Pattern of Growth and Poverty Reduction in China,Journal of Comparative Economics,38(1):2-16.
[3]国家统计局:《中国农村贫困检测报告》,中国统计出版社2010年版。
[4]马铃、刘晓昀:《发展农业依然是贫困农户脱贫的重要途径》,《农业技术经济》2014年第12期。
[5]冒佩华、徐骥:《农地制度、土地经营权流转与农民收入增长》,《管理世界》2015年第5期。
[6]周振、张琛、彭超、孔祥智:《农业机械化与农民收入:来自农机具购置补贴政策的证据》,《中国农村经济》2016年第2期。
[7]杨进、吴比、金松青、陈志钢:《中国农业机械化发展对粮食播种面积的影响》,《中国农村经济》2018年第3期。
[8]Yang J.,Huang Z.,Zhang X.et al.,2013,The Rapid Rise of Cross-regional Agricultural Mechanization Services in China.American Journal of Agricultural Economics,95(5):1245-1251.
[9]姚洋:《中国农地制度:一个分析框架》,《中国社会科学》2000年第2期。
[10]Jin S.Deininger K L.,2009,Rental Markets in the Process of Rural Structual Transformation:Productivity and Equity Impacts from China,Journal of Comparative Economics,37(4):629-646.
[11]江淑斌、苏群:《农地流转“租金分层”现象及其根源》,《农业经济问题》2013年第4期。
[12]李功奎、钟甫宁:《农地细碎化、劳动力利用与农民收入---基于江苏省经济欠发达地区的实证研究》,《中国农村经济》2006年第4期。
[13]盖庆恩、朱喜、史清华:《劳动力转移对中国农业生产的影响》,《经济学》(季刊)2014年第3期。
[14]De Brauw A.,2010,Seasonal Migration and Agricultural Production.The Journal of Development Studies,46(1):114-139.
[15]Mc Namara K.T.,Weiss C.,2005,Farm Household Income and on and off-Farm Diversification,Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,37:37-48.
[16]张桃林:《以农业机械化支撑和引领农业现代化》,《求是》2012年第14期。
[17]Wang X B.,Yamauchi F.,Otsuka F.,et al.,2016,Wage Grwoth,Landholding and Mechanization in Chinese Agriculture,World Development,86(5):30-45.
[18]刘玉梅、田志宏:《中国农机装备水平的决定因素研究》,《农业技术经济》2008年第6期。
[19]Otsuka K.Food Insecurity,Income Inequality,and the Changing Comparative Advantage in World Agriculture,Agricultural Economics,2013,44(s1):7-18.
[20]许庆、田士超、徐志刚、邵挺:《农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等》,《经济研究》2008年第2期。
[21]胡新艳、罗必良:《新一轮农地确权与促进流转:粤赣证据》,《改革》2016年第4期。
[22]罗必良:《论服务规模经营---从纵向分工到横向分工及连片专业化》,《中国农村经济》2017年第11期。
[23]Reardon T.,Chen K.,Minten B.,Adriano L.,2012,The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains,Asian Development Bank.
[24]韩菡、钟甫宁:《劳动力流出后“剩余土地”流向对于当地农民收入分配的影响》,《中国农村经济》2011年第4期。
[25]速水佑次郎、弗农·拉坦:《农业发展的国际分析》中译本,中国社会科学出版社2000年版。
[26]林万龙、孙翠清:《农业机械私人投资的影响因素:基于省级层面数据的探讨》,《中国农村经济》2007年第9期。
[27]De Brauw A.,Rozelle S.,Migration and Household Investment in Rural China,China Economic Review,2008,19(2):320-335.
[28]林毅夫:《制度、技术与中国农业发展》,上海人民出版社1994年版。
[29]孔祥智、方松海、庞晓鹏、马九杰:《西部地区农户禀赋对农业技术采纳的影响分析》,《经济研究》2004年第12期。
[2]Montalvo J G.,Ravallion M.,2010,The Pattern of Growth and Poverty Reduction in China,Journal of Comparative Economics,38(1):2-16.
[3]国家统计局:《中国农村贫困检测报告》,中国统计出版社2010年版。
[4]马铃、刘晓昀:《发展农业依然是贫困农户脱贫的重要途径》,《农业技术经济》2014年第12期。
[5]冒佩华、徐骥:《农地制度、土地经营权流转与农民收入增长》,《管理世界》2015年第5期。
[6]周振、张琛、彭超、孔祥智:《农业机械化与农民收入:来自农机具购置补贴政策的证据》,《中国农村经济》2016年第2期。
[7]杨进、吴比、金松青、陈志钢:《中国农业机械化发展对粮食播种面积的影响》,《中国农村经济》2018年第3期。
[8]Yang J.,Huang Z.,Zhang X.et al.,2013,The Rapid Rise of Cross-regional Agricultural Mechanization Services in China.American Journal of Agricultural Economics,95(5):1245-1251.
[9]姚洋:《中国农地制度:一个分析框架》,《中国社会科学》2000年第2期。
[10]Jin S.Deininger K L.,2009,Rental Markets in the Process of Rural Structual Transformation:Productivity and Equity Impacts from China,Journal of Comparative Economics,37(4):629-646.
[11]江淑斌、苏群:《农地流转“租金分层”现象及其根源》,《农业经济问题》2013年第4期。
[12]李功奎、钟甫宁:《农地细碎化、劳动力利用与农民收入---基于江苏省经济欠发达地区的实证研究》,《中国农村经济》2006年第4期。
[13]盖庆恩、朱喜、史清华:《劳动力转移对中国农业生产的影响》,《经济学》(季刊)2014年第3期。
[14]De Brauw A.,2010,Seasonal Migration and Agricultural Production.The Journal of Development Studies,46(1):114-139.
[15]Mc Namara K.T.,Weiss C.,2005,Farm Household Income and on and off-Farm Diversification,Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,37:37-48.
[16]张桃林:《以农业机械化支撑和引领农业现代化》,《求是》2012年第14期。
[17]Wang X B.,Yamauchi F.,Otsuka F.,et al.,2016,Wage Grwoth,Landholding and Mechanization in Chinese Agriculture,World Development,86(5):30-45.
[18]刘玉梅、田志宏:《中国农机装备水平的决定因素研究》,《农业技术经济》2008年第6期。
[19]Otsuka K.Food Insecurity,Income Inequality,and the Changing Comparative Advantage in World Agriculture,Agricultural Economics,2013,44(s1):7-18.
[20]许庆、田士超、徐志刚、邵挺:《农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等》,《经济研究》2008年第2期。
[21]胡新艳、罗必良:《新一轮农地确权与促进流转:粤赣证据》,《改革》2016年第4期。
[22]罗必良:《论服务规模经营---从纵向分工到横向分工及连片专业化》,《中国农村经济》2017年第11期。
[23]Reardon T.,Chen K.,Minten B.,Adriano L.,2012,The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains,Asian Development Bank.
[24]韩菡、钟甫宁:《劳动力流出后“剩余土地”流向对于当地农民收入分配的影响》,《中国农村经济》2011年第4期。
[25]速水佑次郎、弗农·拉坦:《农业发展的国际分析》中译本,中国社会科学出版社2000年版。
[26]林万龙、孙翠清:《农业机械私人投资的影响因素:基于省级层面数据的探讨》,《中国农村经济》2007年第9期。
[27]De Brauw A.,Rozelle S.,Migration and Household Investment in Rural China,China Economic Review,2008,19(2):320-335.
[28]林毅夫:《制度、技术与中国农业发展》,上海人民出版社1994年版。
[29]孔祥智、方松海、庞晓鹏、马九杰:《西部地区农户禀赋对农业技术采纳的影响分析》,《经济研究》2004年第12期。