投加羟胺原位恢复城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺
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摘要
有效抑制或淘洗亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)是短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)工艺应用于城市污水处理的关键.以因NOB大量增长受到破坏的城市污水PN/A系统为对象(硝酸盐(NO_3~--N)生成比例为0.90),考察了羟胺(NH_2OH)投加浓度和投加方式对其恢复的效果.结果显示,当序批式反应器中初始NH_2OH投加浓度为10mg/L时,每天投加1次,连续投加20d后,NO_3~--N生成量占NH_4~+-N消耗量的比例由0.90逐步降低至0.11.表明NH_2OH(10mg/L)可原位恢复PN/A工艺.NH_2OH停止投加59d后,出水NO_3~--N生成比例再次小幅度上升至0.15,此时继续投加5d NH_2OH(10mg/L),PN/A工艺运行良好,因此间歇投加NH_2OH可以维持PN/A工艺稳定运行.实时定量PCR结果表明,在投加NH_2OH(10mg/L)后,NOB的丰度不断下降,从(4.52±0.44)×10~(10)copies/g VSS(第6d)下降到(2.30±0.80)×10~9copies/g VSS(第157d),说明NH_2OH的投加有利于抑制和淘洗NOB.
The effective inhibition or wash-out of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)is the key challenge for the application of partial nitritation/anammox(PA/N)process in domestic wastewater treatment.The deteriorated domestic wastewater PN/A system was used to investigate the recovery effect of hydroxylamine(NH_2OH)concentration and dosing mode on it.The nitrate(NO_3~--N)production ratio of the PN/A system was 0.90,which was due to the overgrowth of NOB.The results showed that when the initial NH_2OHconcentration was 10mg/L in the sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and NH_2OH was added once a day,the ratio of NO_3~--N_(producted)/NH_4~+-N_(consumed) was decreased from 0.90 to 0.11 after adding NH_2OH for 20d.It indicated that NH_2OH(10mg/L)addition could restore PN/A process in-situ.The ratio of NO_3~--N_(producted)/NH_4~+-N_(consumed) increased to 0.15 again after stopping NH_2OH addition for 59d.When continued to add NH_2OH into reactor for 5d,the PN/A process operated well.Therefore,the intermittent addition of NH_2OH strategy could maintain the stable performance of the PN/A process.The real-time quantitative PCRresults showed that the NOB abundance was decreased continuously from(4.52±0.44)×10~(10)copies/g VSS(Day 6)to(2.30±0.80)×10~9copies/g VSS(Day 157)after NH_2OH(10mg/L)addition.It indicated that NH_2OH addition was beneficial to inhibit and wash out NOB.
The effective inhibition or wash-out of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)is the key challenge for the application of partial nitritation/anammox(PA/N)process in domestic wastewater treatment.The deteriorated domestic wastewater PN/A system was used to investigate the recovery effect of hydroxylamine(NH_2OH)concentration and dosing mode on it.The nitrate(NO_3~--N)production ratio of the PN/A system was 0.90,which was due to the overgrowth of NOB.The results showed that when the initial NH_2OHconcentration was 10mg/L in the sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and NH_2OH was added once a day,the ratio of NO_3~--N_(producted)/NH_4~+-N_(consumed) was decreased from 0.90 to 0.11 after adding NH_2OH for 20d.It indicated that NH_2OH(10mg/L)addition could restore PN/A process in-situ.The ratio of NO_3~--N_(producted)/NH_4~+-N_(consumed) increased to 0.15 again after stopping NH_2OH addition for 59d.When continued to add NH_2OH into reactor for 5d,the PN/A process operated well.Therefore,the intermittent addition of NH_2OH strategy could maintain the stable performance of the PN/A process.The real-time quantitative PCRresults showed that the NOB abundance was decreased continuously from(4.52±0.44)×10~(10)copies/g VSS(Day 6)to(2.30±0.80)×10~9copies/g VSS(Day 157)after NH_2OH(10mg/L)addition.It indicated that NH_2OH addition was beneficial to inhibit and wash out NOB.
引文
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[26]程军,张亮,杨延栋,等.氨氮负荷波动对城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺硝态氮的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):520-525.Cheng J,Zhang L,Yang Y D,et al.The effects of ammonium loading rate fluctuation on nitrate accumulation in municipal wastewater partial nitritation/anammox(PN/A)process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(2):520-525.
[27]Gao D W,Peng Y Z,Li B K,et al.Shortcut nitrificationdenitrification by real-time control strategies[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:2298-2300.
[28]Qian W T,Peng Y Z,Li X Y,et al.The inhibitory effects of free ammonia on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria under anaerobic condition[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,243:1247-1250.
[29]孙艳波,周少奇,李伙生,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器启动及有机负荷对其运行性能的影响[J].化工学报,2009,60(10):2596-2602.Sun Y B,Zhou S Q,Li H S,et al.Start-up of ANAMMOX-denitrification reactor and effect of organic loading on its performance of synergistic interaction[J].CIESC Joernal,2009,60(10):2596-2602.
[30]Wang Y Y,Wang Y W,Wei Y S,et al.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritation-anammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,98:127-136.
[31]Zeng W,Bai X L,Zhang L M,et al.Population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria for nitritation achieved in Johannesburg(JHB)process treating municipal wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,162:30-37.
[32]Hooper A B,Vannelli T,Bergmann D J,et al.Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,1997,71:59-67.
[33]Harper W F,Terada A,Poly F,et al.The Effect of hydroxylamine on the activity and aggregate structure of autotrophic nitrifying bioreactor cultures.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2009,102:714-724.
[34]Liu W,Yang Q,Ma B,et al.Rapid achievement of nitritation using aerobic starvation[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:4001-4008.
[35]Li J W,Li J L,Gao R T,et al.A Critical Review of One-stage Anammox Processes for Treating Industrial Wastewater:Optimization Strategies Based on Key Functional Microorganisms[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,265:498-505.
[2]杨延栋,黄京,韩晓宇,等.一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨氮污泥消化液的启动[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1082-1087.Yang Y D,Huang J,Han X Y.Start-up of one-stage partial nitrification/anammox process treating ammonium-rich reject water[J].Chian Environmental Science,2015,35(4):1082-1087.
[3]Mulder A.The quest for sustainable nitrogen removal technologies[J].Water Science and Technology,2003,48:67-75.
[4]Wang Z B,Zhang S J,Zhang L,et al.Restoration of real sewage partial nitritation-anammox process from nitrate accumulation using free nitrous acid treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,251:341-349.
[5]Joss A,Derlon N,Cyprien C,et al.Combined nitritation-anammox:advances in understanding process stability[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45:9735-9742.
[6]Vlaeminck S E,De Clippeleir H,Verstraete W.Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[J].Microbial Biotechnology,2012,5:433-448.
[7]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J].Water Research,2014,55:292-303.
[8]Wett B,Omari A,Podmirseg S,et al.Going for mainstream deammonification from bench-to full-scale for maximized resource efficiency[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,68:283-289.
[9]Jardin N,Hennerkes J.Full-scale experience with the deammonification process to treat high strength sludge water-a case study[J].Water Science and Technology,2012,65:447-455.
[10]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50:589-596.
[11]Katsogiannis A N,Kornaros M,Lyberatos G.Enhanced nitrogen removal in SBRs bypassing nitrate generation accomplished by multiple aerobic/anoxic phase pairs[J].Water Science and Technology,2003,47:53-59.
[12]Okabe S,Oshiki M,Takahashi Y,et al.Development of long-term stable partial nitrification and subsequent anammox process[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102:6801-6807.
[13]Xu G J,Xu X C,Yang F L,et al.2012.Partial nitrification adjusted by hydroxylamine in aerobic granules under high DO and ambient temperature and subsequent anammox for low C/N wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,213:338-345.
[14]Kindaichi T,Okabe S,Satoh H,et al.Effects of hydroxylamine on microbial community structure and function of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms determined by in situ hybridization and the use of microelectrodes[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49:61-68.
[15]Hao O J,Chen J M.Factors affecting nitrite buildup in submerged filter system[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1994,120:1298-1307.
[16]Tian Z Y,Zhang J,Song Y H.2015.Several key factors influencing nitrogen removal performance of anammox process in a bio-filter at ambient temperature[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73:5019-5026.
[17]Wang G,Xu X C,Zhou L,et al.A pilot-scale study on the start-up of partial nitrification-anammox process for anaerobic sludge digester liquor treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:181-189.
[18]Frear D S,Burrell R C.Spectrophotometric method for determining hydroxylamine reductase activity in higher plants[J].Analytical Chemistry,1995,27:1664-1665.
[19]APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater[M].American Public Health Association,1976.
[20]Miao Y Y,Zhang L,Li B K,et al.Enhancing ammonium oxidizing bacteria activity was key to single-stage partial nitrification-anammox system treating low-strength sewage under intermittent aeration condition[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,231:36-44.
[21]Wang S Y,Wang Y,Feng X J,et al.Quantitative analyses of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and bacteria in the sediments of four nitrogen-rich wetlands in China[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,90:779-787.
[22]Degrange V,Bardin R.Detection and counting of nitrobacter populations in soil by PCR[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1995,61:2093-2098.
[23]Geets J,de Cooman M,Wittebolle L,Het al.Real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous quantification of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2007,75:211-221.
[24]Schmid M C,Maas B,Dapena A,et al.Biomarkers for in situ detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing(anammox)bacteria[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71:1677-1684.
[25]Sliekers A O,Derwort N,Gampos-Gomez J L,et al.Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor[J].Water Reseach,2002,36:2475-2482.
[26]程军,张亮,杨延栋,等.氨氮负荷波动对城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺硝态氮的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):520-525.Cheng J,Zhang L,Yang Y D,et al.The effects of ammonium loading rate fluctuation on nitrate accumulation in municipal wastewater partial nitritation/anammox(PN/A)process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(2):520-525.
[27]Gao D W,Peng Y Z,Li B K,et al.Shortcut nitrificationdenitrification by real-time control strategies[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:2298-2300.
[28]Qian W T,Peng Y Z,Li X Y,et al.The inhibitory effects of free ammonia on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria under anaerobic condition[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,243:1247-1250.
[29]孙艳波,周少奇,李伙生,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器启动及有机负荷对其运行性能的影响[J].化工学报,2009,60(10):2596-2602.Sun Y B,Zhou S Q,Li H S,et al.Start-up of ANAMMOX-denitrification reactor and effect of organic loading on its performance of synergistic interaction[J].CIESC Joernal,2009,60(10):2596-2602.
[30]Wang Y Y,Wang Y W,Wei Y S,et al.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritation-anammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,98:127-136.
[31]Zeng W,Bai X L,Zhang L M,et al.Population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria for nitritation achieved in Johannesburg(JHB)process treating municipal wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,162:30-37.
[32]Hooper A B,Vannelli T,Bergmann D J,et al.Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,1997,71:59-67.
[33]Harper W F,Terada A,Poly F,et al.The Effect of hydroxylamine on the activity and aggregate structure of autotrophic nitrifying bioreactor cultures.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2009,102:714-724.
[34]Liu W,Yang Q,Ma B,et al.Rapid achievement of nitritation using aerobic starvation[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:4001-4008.
[35]Li J W,Li J L,Gao R T,et al.A Critical Review of One-stage Anammox Processes for Treating Industrial Wastewater:Optimization Strategies Based on Key Functional Microorganisms[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,265:498-505.