3D-VSP技术在中国东部“双复杂”地区应用研究
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摘要
中国东部LH油田具有典型的"双复杂"特征:地表复杂体现在地表障碍物密集繁多,设计激发点位实施率低,影响采集资料品质;构造复杂导致利用三维地震资料精确识别小断层,落实微幅构造,预测含油砂体分布范围难度较大.3D-VSP资料具有更高的分辨率、信噪比、保真度,更利于精细地质研究和井位评价.为满足老油田二次开发的需要,在LH油田N18北块开展大阵列3D-VSP攻关,通过观测系统优化设计和针对性采集技术应用,获得了高品质采集资料.根据3D-VSP的技术特点,通过保幅波场处理、数据规则化和各向异性逆时偏移成像等技术的应用得到高分辨率、高精度、全方位的3D-VSP成像数据体.应用高分辨率VSP资料进行精细构造解释识别出大量小断层,查明了N76井未出油原因.结合3D-VSP地震属性分析、测井约束反演的岩性分析和储层横向预测研究,提出N76井侧钻和N29-305东部构造高点部署井位建议,实钻N18-1井效果理想.3D-VSP资料相比于地面地震资料对解决复杂构造成像及储层预测具有明显优势,展现了3D-VSP技术在中国东部"双复杂"地区具有良好的应用前景.
The LH oilfield has the typical characteristics of the"double complex"in eastern China: Complex surface reflects in the intensive and various surface obstacles, causing the low implementation rate of the designed shots and influencing the quality of acquired data; Complex geological structure results in the greater difficulty in identifying small faults accurately,implementing the structure of micro-amplitude and predicting the distribution ranges of oil-bearing sand body by 3 D seismic data. 3 D-VSP data has higher resolution,signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity,which is better for fine geological study and well deployment. The large array of 3 D-VSP acquisition technology is applied in N18 north block of LH oilfield to solve the problem of the secondary development in old oilfield. High quality seismic data are obtained by the application of observation system optimization design and targeted acquisition technology.According to the technical characteristics of 3 D-VSP, through amplitude-preserving wave field processing,data regularization and anisotropic reverse-time migration imaging technology, a high resolution,high accuracy,full range of 3 D-VSP imaging data is gained. The fine structure interpretation for high resolution VSP data identifies a large number of small faults,and finds out why the N76 well did not have the production of oil. Based on the analysis of the seismic attributes of 3 D VSP, the lithology analysis of the logging restraint inversion and the lateral prediction of the reservoir,it is recommended to perform sidetracking on the N76 well and drill to the fault footwall,and drill a well at the eastern structure high point of the N29-305. The drilling result of N18-1 well is ideal.Compared with surface seismic data,3 D-VSP data has obvious advantages for solving the problems of the complex structure imaging and reservoir prediction. It shows that the 3 D-VSP technology has better application prospects in the"double complex"zone in eastern China.
The LH oilfield has the typical characteristics of the"double complex"in eastern China: Complex surface reflects in the intensive and various surface obstacles, causing the low implementation rate of the designed shots and influencing the quality of acquired data; Complex geological structure results in the greater difficulty in identifying small faults accurately,implementing the structure of micro-amplitude and predicting the distribution ranges of oil-bearing sand body by 3 D seismic data. 3 D-VSP data has higher resolution,signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity,which is better for fine geological study and well deployment. The large array of 3 D-VSP acquisition technology is applied in N18 north block of LH oilfield to solve the problem of the secondary development in old oilfield. High quality seismic data are obtained by the application of observation system optimization design and targeted acquisition technology.According to the technical characteristics of 3 D-VSP, through amplitude-preserving wave field processing,data regularization and anisotropic reverse-time migration imaging technology, a high resolution,high accuracy,full range of 3 D-VSP imaging data is gained. The fine structure interpretation for high resolution VSP data identifies a large number of small faults,and finds out why the N76 well did not have the production of oil. Based on the analysis of the seismic attributes of 3 D VSP, the lithology analysis of the logging restraint inversion and the lateral prediction of the reservoir,it is recommended to perform sidetracking on the N76 well and drill to the fault footwall,and drill a well at the eastern structure high point of the N29-305. The drilling result of N18-1 well is ideal.Compared with surface seismic data,3 D-VSP data has obvious advantages for solving the problems of the complex structure imaging and reservoir prediction. It shows that the 3 D-VSP technology has better application prospects in the"double complex"zone in eastern China.
引文
Bai H J,Sun Z D,Li Y P.2011.Anisotropy analysis and parameters extraction on 3D VSP common receiver gathers[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(add):53-59.
Cai X H,Liu Y,Wang J M,et al.2015.Full-wavefield VSP reversetime migration based on the adaptive optimal finite-difference scheme[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3317-3334,doi:10.6038/cjg20150925.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Du J L,Cai Y T,Zhang G L,et al.2013.VSP data application in reservoir prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(2):268-272.
Fan T E,Huang X R,Ma S F.2016.VSP migration based on high angle one-way wave equation in time-space domain and its applications[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928
Li R L,Feng X H,Chen G Y.2014.3D VSP acquisition parameters optimization and its application in Lishu Faulted Depression,Songliao Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(6):649-656,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.004.
Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Xu G,et al.2011.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):311-316.
Liang S L,Xu J X,Sun X P,et al.2017.Stationary phase analysis of seismic interferometry applied to VSP data and high-angle structure imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
Wang W H,Liu S Z,Pei J Y,et al.2015.Imaging approach and application of 3D VSP seismic data in well M1 in Daqing oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1):171-177,doi:10.6038/pg20150126.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M.2017.Comparison and application of three different methods for inversing Q value with zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(5):2107-2114,doi:10.6038/pg20170534.
Xie H W,Luo B,Xu A M,et al.2017.Space varying DMO correction for complex high steep structure’s zero-offset VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(3):408-415,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2017.03.011.
Zhang H,Pan D M,Yin Q F.2017.Velocity model reconstruction in complex areas of coalbed methane using RVSP tomography imaging technology[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(3):1314-1320,doi:10.6038/pg20170349.
Zhu G M.1980.Vertical seismic profiling[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese).15(s2):1-23.
白海军,孙赞东,李彦鹏.2011.3D VSP共检波点道集各向异性分析及参数提取[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(增刊1):53-59.
蔡晓慧,刘洋,王建民,等.2015.基于自适应优化有限差分方法的全波VSP逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3317-3334,doi:10.6038/cjg20150925.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
杜金玲,蔡银涛,张固澜,等.2013.VSP资料在储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探[J],48(2):268-272.
范廷恩,黄旭日,马淑芳.2016.VSP时空域高角度单程波方程偏移及其应用研究.地球物理学报[J],59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
李瑞磊,冯晓辉,陈光宇.2014.松辽盆地梨树断陷SN167井三维VSP采集参数优化[J].石油物探,53(6):649-656,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.004.
李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.2011.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(2):311-316.
梁上林,徐基祥,孙夕平,等.2017.VSP地震干涉测量的稳相分析与高陡构造成像[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
王维红,刘诗竹,裴江云,等.2015.大庆油田M1井3D VSP成像方法与应用[J].地球物理学进展,30(1):171-177,doi:10.6038/pg20150126.
武银婷,朱光明.2017.基于零偏VSP三种Q值反演方法对比分析及应用[J].地球物理学进展,32(5):2107-2114,doi:10.6038/pg20170534.
谢会文,罗斌,许安明,等.2017.复杂高陡构造零偏VSP空变倾角时差校正及其处理技术[J].石油物探,56(3):408-415,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2017.03.011.
张辉,潘冬明,尹奇峰.2017.RVSP层析成像技术重建煤层气复杂地区速度模型[J].地球物理学进展,32(3):1314-1320,doi:10.6038/pg20170349.
朱光明.1980.垂直地震剖面法[J].石油地球物理勘探,15(s2):1-23.
Cai X H,Liu Y,Wang J M,et al.2015.Full-wavefield VSP reversetime migration based on the adaptive optimal finite-difference scheme[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3317-3334,doi:10.6038/cjg20150925.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Du J L,Cai Y T,Zhang G L,et al.2013.VSP data application in reservoir prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(2):268-272.
Fan T E,Huang X R,Ma S F.2016.VSP migration based on high angle one-way wave equation in time-space domain and its applications[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928
Li R L,Feng X H,Chen G Y.2014.3D VSP acquisition parameters optimization and its application in Lishu Faulted Depression,Songliao Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(6):649-656,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.004.
Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Xu G,et al.2011.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):311-316.
Liang S L,Xu J X,Sun X P,et al.2017.Stationary phase analysis of seismic interferometry applied to VSP data and high-angle structure imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
Wang W H,Liu S Z,Pei J Y,et al.2015.Imaging approach and application of 3D VSP seismic data in well M1 in Daqing oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1):171-177,doi:10.6038/pg20150126.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M.2017.Comparison and application of three different methods for inversing Q value with zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(5):2107-2114,doi:10.6038/pg20170534.
Xie H W,Luo B,Xu A M,et al.2017.Space varying DMO correction for complex high steep structure’s zero-offset VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(3):408-415,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2017.03.011.
Zhang H,Pan D M,Yin Q F.2017.Velocity model reconstruction in complex areas of coalbed methane using RVSP tomography imaging technology[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(3):1314-1320,doi:10.6038/pg20170349.
Zhu G M.1980.Vertical seismic profiling[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese).15(s2):1-23.
白海军,孙赞东,李彦鹏.2011.3D VSP共检波点道集各向异性分析及参数提取[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(增刊1):53-59.
蔡晓慧,刘洋,王建民,等.2015.基于自适应优化有限差分方法的全波VSP逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3317-3334,doi:10.6038/cjg20150925.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
杜金玲,蔡银涛,张固澜,等.2013.VSP资料在储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探[J],48(2):268-272.
范廷恩,黄旭日,马淑芳.2016.VSP时空域高角度单程波方程偏移及其应用研究.地球物理学报[J],59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
李瑞磊,冯晓辉,陈光宇.2014.松辽盆地梨树断陷SN167井三维VSP采集参数优化[J].石油物探,53(6):649-656,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.004.
李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.2011.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(2):311-316.
梁上林,徐基祥,孙夕平,等.2017.VSP地震干涉测量的稳相分析与高陡构造成像[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
王维红,刘诗竹,裴江云,等.2015.大庆油田M1井3D VSP成像方法与应用[J].地球物理学进展,30(1):171-177,doi:10.6038/pg20150126.
武银婷,朱光明.2017.基于零偏VSP三种Q值反演方法对比分析及应用[J].地球物理学进展,32(5):2107-2114,doi:10.6038/pg20170534.
谢会文,罗斌,许安明,等.2017.复杂高陡构造零偏VSP空变倾角时差校正及其处理技术[J].石油物探,56(3):408-415,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2017.03.011.
张辉,潘冬明,尹奇峰.2017.RVSP层析成像技术重建煤层气复杂地区速度模型[J].地球物理学进展,32(3):1314-1320,doi:10.6038/pg20170349.
朱光明.1980.垂直地震剖面法[J].石油地球物理勘探,15(s2):1-23.