乙草胺不同时期施用对大豆安全性和杂草防效影响
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摘要
为探讨乙草胺苗前和苗后不同时期施用对大豆安全性和杂草防效影响,采用随机区组田间试验设计,乙草胺苗前单独施用和苗前苗后连续施用及连续施用并与氟磺胺草醚、精喹禾灵、异噁草酮分别混施,每间隔7 d调查杂草防效,同步测定大豆生长和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。乙草胺连续施用较单独施用显著提高杂草防效,连续施用并与氟磺胺草醚、异噁草酮混施后期杂草防效更显著,其中乙草胺连续施用并与氟磺胺草醚混施杂草防效最佳,第35天杂草株防效仍可达90.16%,大豆株高及干重与人工除草相比无显著差异。叶片SOD、POD活性先升后降,MDA含量增加,至施药后28 d与对照均无显著差异。乙草胺苗前苗后连续施用并混施氟磺胺草醚或异噁草酮显著提高大豆安全性及除草效果。
To explore the application of acetochlor in the pre-emergence and post-emergence periods to the safety of soybeans and improve the control of weeds in soybean fields in the late spring.By using the randomized block group field trial design with three treatments, the study used the acetochlor pre-emergence application for the first treatment, both pre-emergence and post-emergence for the second treatment, and two applications which were mixed with fomesafen, quizalofop-p-ethyl and clomazone respectively for the third treatment. The weed control was investigated at intervals of 7 d,and the soybean growth and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, peroxidase(POD) enzyme activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves were measured simultaneously. The sequential application of acetochlor compared with acetochlor applied pre-emergence alone was increased the weed control, and the third treatment which mixed with fomesafen or clomazone was more effective in improving the late growth period of weeds control. Among them, the sequential application of acetochlor and the combination of fomesafen were the best for weed control, and the weed control on the 35 th day was still up to 90.16%. The soybean plant height and dry weight had no significant difference with artificial weeding. The activities of SOD and POD in leaves increased firstly and then decreased, and with the increased content of MDA. There was no significant difference between the leaves and the control of application after 28 d. The application of acetochlor in two periods and with the combination of fomesafen and clomazone were significantly improved for the safety of soybean and weed control.
To explore the application of acetochlor in the pre-emergence and post-emergence periods to the safety of soybeans and improve the control of weeds in soybean fields in the late spring.By using the randomized block group field trial design with three treatments, the study used the acetochlor pre-emergence application for the first treatment, both pre-emergence and post-emergence for the second treatment, and two applications which were mixed with fomesafen, quizalofop-p-ethyl and clomazone respectively for the third treatment. The weed control was investigated at intervals of 7 d,and the soybean growth and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, peroxidase(POD) enzyme activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves were measured simultaneously. The sequential application of acetochlor compared with acetochlor applied pre-emergence alone was increased the weed control, and the third treatment which mixed with fomesafen or clomazone was more effective in improving the late growth period of weeds control. Among them, the sequential application of acetochlor and the combination of fomesafen were the best for weed control, and the weed control on the 35 th day was still up to 90.16%. The soybean plant height and dry weight had no significant difference with artificial weeding. The activities of SOD and POD in leaves increased firstly and then decreased, and with the increased content of MDA. There was no significant difference between the leaves and the control of application after 28 d. The application of acetochlor in two periods and with the combination of fomesafen and clomazone were significantly improved for the safety of soybean and weed control.
引文
[1]赵长山,何付丽.长残留性除草剂与黑龙江省农业的未来发展[J].东北农业大学学报, 2007, 38(1):136-139.
[2] Grichar W J, Minton B W. Supplementary weed control using soilapplied herbicides in glyphosate-resistant maize in Texas[J].Crop Protection, 2006, 25(10):1071-1074.
[3] Hager A G, Wax L M, Bollero G A, et al. Common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis Sauer)management with soil-applied herbicides in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)[J]. Crop Protection, 2002, 21(4):277-283.
[4] Sarangi D, Sandell L D, Kruger G R, et al. Comparison of herbicide programs for season-long control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis)in soybean[J]. Weed Technology, 2017, 31(1):1-17.
[5] Han J, Liu H, Guo P, et al. Weed control in summer-sown soybeans with flumioxazin plus acetochlor and flumiclorac-pentyl and clethodim[J]. Weed Biology&Management, 2002, 2(2):120-122.
[6]蓝月,胡月,王琰,等.界面聚合制备乙草胺微胶囊及其杂草控制效果和环境残留[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(14):2739-2747.
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[8] Cahoon C W, York A C, Jordan D L, et al. Weed control in cotton by combinations of microencapsulated acetochlor and various residual herbicides applied preemergence[J]. Weed Technology,2015, 29(4):740-750.
[9] Nurse R E, Hamill A S, Swanton C J, et al. Is the application of a residual herbicide required prior to glyphosate application in notill glyphosate-tolerant soybean(Glycine max)?[J]. Crop Protection, 2007, 26(4):484-489.
[10] Steckel L E, Sprague C L, Hager A G. Common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis)control in corn(Zea mays)with single preemergence and sequential applications of residual herbicides[J]. Weed Technology, 2002, 16(4):755-761.
[11]邵晓梅,王欣欣,胡新,等.大豆田除草剂配方不同施药时期安全性试验[J].现代化农业, 2015(8):6-7.
[12]冯慧敏,何红波,俞洁,等.乙草胺的生态环境风险及其主要土壤行为综述[J].土壤通报, 2009, 40(1):203-208.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001.
[14] Andr J, Hejnák V, Jursík M, et al. Effects of application terms of three soil active herbicides on herbicide efficacy and reproductive ability for weeds in maize[J]. Plant Soil and Environment, 2014,64:452-458.
[15] Jhala A J, Malik M S, Willis J B. Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2015, 95(5):973-981.
[16]李斐.乙草胺及其混剂在马铃薯田应用研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学, 2014.
[17] Owen M D, Zelaya I A. Herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides[J]. Pest Management Science, 2010, 61(3):301-311.
[18] Powles S B, Yu Q. Evolution in action:Plants resistant to herbicides[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2010, 61(1):317-347.
[19]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].植物保护学报, 2016, 43(4):677-682.
[20]彭俊,宋志龙,孟新刚,等.除草剂对藨草生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2013, 22(9):192-197.
[21]温银元,郭平毅,尹美强,等.扑草净对远志幼苗根系活力及氧化胁迫的影响[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(8):2506-2514.
[22]丁超,张建华,白文斌,等.高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2017(5):149-155.
[23]张明波.乙草胺药害对大豆生长发育的影响与产量相关关系的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2013.
[2] Grichar W J, Minton B W. Supplementary weed control using soilapplied herbicides in glyphosate-resistant maize in Texas[J].Crop Protection, 2006, 25(10):1071-1074.
[3] Hager A G, Wax L M, Bollero G A, et al. Common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis Sauer)management with soil-applied herbicides in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)[J]. Crop Protection, 2002, 21(4):277-283.
[4] Sarangi D, Sandell L D, Kruger G R, et al. Comparison of herbicide programs for season-long control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis)in soybean[J]. Weed Technology, 2017, 31(1):1-17.
[5] Han J, Liu H, Guo P, et al. Weed control in summer-sown soybeans with flumioxazin plus acetochlor and flumiclorac-pentyl and clethodim[J]. Weed Biology&Management, 2002, 2(2):120-122.
[6]蓝月,胡月,王琰,等.界面聚合制备乙草胺微胶囊及其杂草控制效果和环境残留[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(14):2739-2747.
[7] Knezevic S Z, Evans S P, Blankenship E E, et al. Critical period for weed control:The concept and data analysis[J]. Weed Science,2002, 50(6):773-786.
[8] Cahoon C W, York A C, Jordan D L, et al. Weed control in cotton by combinations of microencapsulated acetochlor and various residual herbicides applied preemergence[J]. Weed Technology,2015, 29(4):740-750.
[9] Nurse R E, Hamill A S, Swanton C J, et al. Is the application of a residual herbicide required prior to glyphosate application in notill glyphosate-tolerant soybean(Glycine max)?[J]. Crop Protection, 2007, 26(4):484-489.
[10] Steckel L E, Sprague C L, Hager A G. Common waterhemp(Amaranthus rudis)control in corn(Zea mays)with single preemergence and sequential applications of residual herbicides[J]. Weed Technology, 2002, 16(4):755-761.
[11]邵晓梅,王欣欣,胡新,等.大豆田除草剂配方不同施药时期安全性试验[J].现代化农业, 2015(8):6-7.
[12]冯慧敏,何红波,俞洁,等.乙草胺的生态环境风险及其主要土壤行为综述[J].土壤通报, 2009, 40(1):203-208.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001.
[14] Andr J, Hejnák V, Jursík M, et al. Effects of application terms of three soil active herbicides on herbicide efficacy and reproductive ability for weeds in maize[J]. Plant Soil and Environment, 2014,64:452-458.
[15] Jhala A J, Malik M S, Willis J B. Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2015, 95(5):973-981.
[16]李斐.乙草胺及其混剂在马铃薯田应用研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学, 2014.
[17] Owen M D, Zelaya I A. Herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides[J]. Pest Management Science, 2010, 61(3):301-311.
[18] Powles S B, Yu Q. Evolution in action:Plants resistant to herbicides[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2010, 61(1):317-347.
[19]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响[J].植物保护学报, 2016, 43(4):677-682.
[20]彭俊,宋志龙,孟新刚,等.除草剂对藨草生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2013, 22(9):192-197.
[21]温银元,郭平毅,尹美强,等.扑草净对远志幼苗根系活力及氧化胁迫的影响[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(8):2506-2514.
[22]丁超,张建华,白文斌,等.高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2017(5):149-155.
[23]张明波.乙草胺药害对大豆生长发育的影响与产量相关关系的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2013.