稻草覆盖量对红壤旱坡地花生生长环境及产量形成的影响
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摘要
针对江西季节性干旱发生的特点对红壤旱坡地花生生长的不利影响,研究不同的稻草覆盖量(1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000 kg·hm~(-2)和7 500 kg·hm~(-2))对红壤旱地花生生长及产量形成的效果。结果显示,随着稻草覆盖量的增加,花生田土壤湿度、温度和电导率的日变幅均相应降低,杂草发生量也相应减少,但花生的干物质生产量、根瘤量、成熟期绿叶残留量及产量则随着覆盖量的增加表现为先增后减的抛物线形状,并在稻草覆盖量为4500 kg·hm~(-2)的条件下表现最好。综合考虑稻草覆盖的防草、抗旱、增产效果,研究认为红壤旱坡地花生稻草覆盖量以4 500 kg·hm~(-2)左右为宜。
According to the adverse effects of the characteristics of seasonal drought in Jiangxi Province on red soil sloping land,a study on the effects of different straw mulching amount( 1 500,3 000,4 500,6000 kg·hm~(-2) and 7 500 kg·hm~(-2)) on the growth and yield of peanut in red soil was carried out. The results showed that the daily variation of soil moisture,temperature and electrical conductivity of peanut field decreased with the increase of rice straw mulching amount,and the occurrence of weeds decreased correspondingly. But dry matter production,nodule weight,mature leaves residues and yield of peanut in a parabolic shape that first increased and then decreased with straw mulching quantity increased,and the straw coverage of 4 500 kg·hm~(-2) was the best performance. Considering the effect of straw mulching on controlling weeds,reducing drought and increasing crop yield,it was concluded that the amount of rice straw in red soil sloping field was about 4 500 kg·hm~(-2).
According to the adverse effects of the characteristics of seasonal drought in Jiangxi Province on red soil sloping land,a study on the effects of different straw mulching amount( 1 500,3 000,4 500,6000 kg·hm~(-2) and 7 500 kg·hm~(-2)) on the growth and yield of peanut in red soil was carried out. The results showed that the daily variation of soil moisture,temperature and electrical conductivity of peanut field decreased with the increase of rice straw mulching amount,and the occurrence of weeds decreased correspondingly. But dry matter production,nodule weight,mature leaves residues and yield of peanut in a parabolic shape that first increased and then decreased with straw mulching quantity increased,and the straw coverage of 4 500 kg·hm~(-2) was the best performance. Considering the effect of straw mulching on controlling weeds,reducing drought and increasing crop yield,it was concluded that the amount of rice straw in red soil sloping field was about 4 500 kg·hm~(-2).
引文
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[25]于晓蕾,吴普特,汪有科,等.不同秸秆覆盖量对冬小麦生理及土壤温、湿状况的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(4):41-44.
[26]孙宇瑞.土壤含水率和盐分对土壤电导率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(4):39-41.
[27]刘战东,高阳,刘祖贵,等.降雨特性和覆盖方式对麦田土壤水分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):113-120.
[2]Liang Y,Li D C,Lu X X,et al.Soil erosion changes over thepast five decades in the red soil region of southern China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2010,7(1):92-99.
[3]邱才飞,彭春瑞,钱银飞,等.不同耕种模式对红壤旱地花生产量及降水利用的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):29-32.
[4]黄道友,彭廷柏,陈桂秋,等.亚热带红壤丘陵区季节性干旱成因及其发生规律研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):124-126.
[5]王明珠.我国南方季节性干旱研究[J].农村生态环境,1997,13(2):6-10.
[6]蔡太义,陈志超,黄会娟,等.不同秸秆覆盖模式下农田土壤水温效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1396-1404.
[7]王兆伟,郝卫平,龚道枝,等.秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤水分和温度动态的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(2):244-250.
[8]高飞,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分利用及春玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):104-112.
[9]石艳玲,贾晓东,李其昀.玉米秸秆覆盖量对土壤质量影响的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2013,(11):184-187.
[10]杜会石,滕泽宇,陈智文,等.玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤紧实度及水分的影响[J].农机化研究,2015,(11):198-203.
[11]朱奇宏,黄道友,刘守龙,等.红壤丘陵区农作物秸秆综合利用现状与展望[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1482-1486.
[12]肖润林,彭晚霞,宋同清,等.稻草覆盖对红壤丘陵茶园的生态调控效应[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(5):507-511.
[13]黄伟生,黄道友,汪立刚,等.稻草覆盖对坡地红壤培肥及作物增产的效果[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):102-104.
[14]高雪涛,王卫,谢小立,等.红壤旱地稻草覆盖对夏玉米抗旱性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1193-1201.
[15]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同麦秸覆盖量对夏玉米田棵间土壤蒸发和地温的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):95-100.
[16]高亚军,李生秀.旱地秸秆覆盖条件下作物减产的原因及作用机制分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):15-19,46.
[17]邱才飞,关贤交,钱银飞,等.稻草覆盖始期对红壤旱地花生生长季产量形成的影响[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(10):1738-1742.
[18]沈裕琥,黄相国,王海庆.秸秆覆盖的农田效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):45-50.
[19]李秉华,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.夏播大豆田秸秆覆盖对杂草发生的影响与减量用药研究[J].杂草科学,2010,(2):10-14.
[20]冒宇翔,李贵,沈俊明,等.玉米秸秆覆盖还田结合化学除草剂对水稻田杂草的控制效果及对水稻产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(6):1336-1344.
[21]李香菊,王贵启,李秉华,等.麦秸覆盖与除草剂相结合对免耕玉米田杂草的控制效果研究[J].华北农学报,2003,18(专辑):99-102.
[22]Moore M J.Effect of cover crop mulches on weed emergence,weed biomass,and soybean(Glycine max)development[J].Weed Technology,1994,8(3):512-518.
[23]李亚莉,朱建兰,施炯林.秸秆覆盖全程节水对小麦病害发生的影响[J].植物保护,30(4):42-45.
[24]王丛丛,郑奕雄,曾永三,等.不同覆盖处理对花生病害及产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,(2):9-11.
[25]于晓蕾,吴普特,汪有科,等.不同秸秆覆盖量对冬小麦生理及土壤温、湿状况的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(4):41-44.
[26]孙宇瑞.土壤含水率和盐分对土壤电导率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(4):39-41.
[27]刘战东,高阳,刘祖贵,等.降雨特性和覆盖方式对麦田土壤水分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):113-120.