免耕和稻草覆盖对红壤旱地土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响
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摘要
通过设置常规耕作(CT)、常规耕作+稻草覆盖、免耕、免耕+稻草覆盖4个处理,研究了免耕和稻草覆盖对红壤旱地土壤物理性及玉米产量的影响,并分析了玉米产量与土壤物理性质间的相关性。结果表明:与常规耕作相比,免耕增加了0～20 cm土层土壤容重和0～30 cm土层土壤紧实度,并降低了0～20 cm土层土壤饱和持水量和非毛管孔隙度;稻草覆盖对土壤容重、水分常数及孔隙状况有一定的改善作用,但影响较小;相比于常规耕作,免耕造成了玉米产量的下降,而稻草覆盖则提高了玉米产量;玉米产量与表层土壤物理性质的相关性较好,其受土壤容重、饱和持水量、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度的影响较大。
The effects of no-tillage and rice straw mulching on the soil physical properties and maize yield in red soil dryland were investigated by setting four treatments,including conventional tillage( CT),conventional tillage + rice straw mulching( CT+M),no-tillage( NT),and no-tillage + rice straw mulching( NT+M),and the correlations between the soil physical properties and maize yield were also analyzed. The results showed that: as compared with the conventional tillage,the soil bulk density in 0～ 20 cm soil layer and the soil compactness in 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer were increased by the no-tillage treatment,while the soil saturated water-holding capacity and non-capillary porosity in 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer were decreased; rice straw mulching could slightly improve soil bulk density,soil moisture parameters and soil porosity,but its influences were less. In comparison with the conventional tillage,the no-tillage treatment reduced maize yield,while rice straw mulching increased maize yield. Maize yield was closely correlated with the physical properties of surface soil,and it was greatly influenced by the soil bulk density,saturated water-holding capacity,non-capillary porosity and total porosity.
The effects of no-tillage and rice straw mulching on the soil physical properties and maize yield in red soil dryland were investigated by setting four treatments,including conventional tillage( CT),conventional tillage + rice straw mulching( CT+M),no-tillage( NT),and no-tillage + rice straw mulching( NT+M),and the correlations between the soil physical properties and maize yield were also analyzed. The results showed that: as compared with the conventional tillage,the soil bulk density in 0～ 20 cm soil layer and the soil compactness in 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer were increased by the no-tillage treatment,while the soil saturated water-holding capacity and non-capillary porosity in 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer were decreased; rice straw mulching could slightly improve soil bulk density,soil moisture parameters and soil porosity,but its influences were less. In comparison with the conventional tillage,the no-tillage treatment reduced maize yield,while rice straw mulching increased maize yield. Maize yield was closely correlated with the physical properties of surface soil,and it was greatly influenced by the soil bulk density,saturated water-holding capacity,non-capillary porosity and total porosity.
引文
[1]黄国勤.中国耕作学[M].北京:新华出版社,2001.
[2]赵其国.我国红壤的退化问题[J].土壤,1995,27(6):281
[3]李桂静,周金星,崔明,等.南方红壤区马尾松林冠对降雨雨滴特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(12):85-91.
[4]陈晓安.前期旱情等级对红壤坡面土壤裂缝及产流产沙特征的影响[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015(6):89-93.
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[9]苏淑芳,于清军,刘亚军,等.秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤氨基糖在团聚体粒级中分布的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(2):365-371.
[10]刘鹏涛,冯佰利,慕芳,等.保护性耕作对黄土高原春玉米田土壤理化特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):171-175.
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[13]潘雅文,樊军,郝明德,等.黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1558-1567.
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[16]杨永辉,武继承,张洁梅,等.免耕、深松对不同土层土壤物理特征的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):35-39.
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[18]杜会石,滕泽宇,陈智文,等.玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤紧实度及水分的影响[J].农机化研究,2015(11):198-202.
[19]吴婕,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(2):192-195.
[20]袁率.长期保护性耕作对坡耕地土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[21]王昌全,魏成明,李廷强,等.不同免耕方式对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(2):152-154.
[22]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.
[23]刘连华,陈源泉,杨静,等.免耕覆盖对不同质地土壤水分与作物产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):393-398.
[24]罗珠珠,蔡立群,李玲玲,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤养分和作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):171-176.
[25]刘禹池,冯文强,秦鱼生,等.长期秸秆还田与施肥对成都平原稻-麦轮作下作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):240-247.
[26]陆文龙,赵标,郭景海.秸秆不同处理方式对土壤氮磷吸附特性的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(2):126-129.
[27]晋凡生,张宝林.免耕覆盖玉米秸秆对旱塬地土壤环境的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2000,8(3):47-50.
[2]赵其国.我国红壤的退化问题[J].土壤,1995,27(6):281
[3]李桂静,周金星,崔明,等.南方红壤区马尾松林冠对降雨雨滴特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(12):85-91.
[4]陈晓安.前期旱情等级对红壤坡面土壤裂缝及产流产沙特征的影响[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015(6):89-93.
[5]魏项森.概述传统机械化旱地耕作与保护性耕作[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2002(5):12-13.
[6]黄国勤.江西农田保护性耕作的发展[J].耕作与栽培,2011(4):39-41.
[7]邹超亚.南方耕作制度[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
[8]陈火松,宋建新,周维.不同免耕覆盖模式对马铃薯生长的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(1):56-57.
[9]苏淑芳,于清军,刘亚军,等.秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤氨基糖在团聚体粒级中分布的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(2):365-371.
[10]刘鹏涛,冯佰利,慕芳,等.保护性耕作对黄土高原春玉米田土壤理化特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):171-175.
[11]Blevins R L,Thomas G W,Cornelius P L. Influence of notillage and nitrogen fertilization on certain soil properties after5 years of continuous corn[J]. Agronomy Journal,1977,69(3):383-386.
[12]余海英,彭文英,马秀,等.免耕对北方旱作玉米土壤水分及物理性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):99-104.
[13]潘雅文,樊军,郝明德,等.黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1558-1567.
[14]Cavalieri K M V,Silva A P D,Tormena C A,et al. Longterm effects of no-tillage on dynamic soil physical properties in a Rhodic Ferrasol in Paraná,Brazil[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2009,103(1):158-164.
[15]陈军胜,苑丽娟,呼格·吉乐图.免耕技术研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(5):184-190.
[16]杨永辉,武继承,张洁梅,等.免耕、深松对不同土层土壤物理特征的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):35-39.
[17]王蕾.渭北旱原连作麦田保护性耕作技术蓄水保墒与增产效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[18]杜会石,滕泽宇,陈智文,等.玉米秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤紧实度及水分的影响[J].农机化研究,2015(11):198-202.
[19]吴婕,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(2):192-195.
[20]袁率.长期保护性耕作对坡耕地土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[21]王昌全,魏成明,李廷强,等.不同免耕方式对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(2):152-154.
[22]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.
[23]刘连华,陈源泉,杨静,等.免耕覆盖对不同质地土壤水分与作物产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):393-398.
[24]罗珠珠,蔡立群,李玲玲,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤养分和作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):171-176.
[25]刘禹池,冯文强,秦鱼生,等.长期秸秆还田与施肥对成都平原稻-麦轮作下作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):240-247.
[26]陆文龙,赵标,郭景海.秸秆不同处理方式对土壤氮磷吸附特性的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(2):126-129.
[27]晋凡生,张宝林.免耕覆盖玉米秸秆对旱塬地土壤环境的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2000,8(3):47-50.