稻草不同还田方式对土壤动物群落结构的影响
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摘要
为研究稻草不同还田方式下的土壤动物群落结构特征,以未进行稻草还田处理作为对照,采用大型手捡和干、湿漏斗法,于2016年6月和9月(稻草还田后2个月和5个月),对稻草焚烧、覆盖、填埋3种还田方式下的土壤动物群落特征进行调查。结果显示:调查获得的土壤动物隶属于50个类群,各处理下均以线虫纲为优势类群。还田后,稻草覆盖处理的土壤动物密度较对照显著(P<0.05)提高,但二者动物类群数无显著差异。与对照相比,还田2个月后,各处理土壤动物的多样性指数间无显著差异;但还田5个月后,稻草覆盖和填埋处理的土壤动物优势度指数显著(P<0.05)高于对照。说明恰当的稻草还田方式有利于改善土壤动物群落结构。
To reveal the effects of different straw returning methods on cropland soil fauna community, an experiment with four straw returning methods, i.e., drop the rice straw after burning over the surface of the soil(FS), cover with chopped rice straw on top of the soil(FG), bury the chopped rice straw(TM), and no straw returning(CK), was carried out in the Puyang Town of Dujiangyan in June and September in 2016. The soil fauna collected were classified into 50 taxonomic groups, among which Nematoda was the dominant species. The soil fauna density under FG was significantly(P<0.05) increased than CK, but there was no significant difference in the quantity of soil fauna communities. Two months after straw returning, there was no significant difference in biodiversity indexes within treatments. However, 5 months after straw returning, the dominance index of FG and TM treatments was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of CK. These results indicated that proper straw returning could improve soil fauna community.
To reveal the effects of different straw returning methods on cropland soil fauna community, an experiment with four straw returning methods, i.e., drop the rice straw after burning over the surface of the soil(FS), cover with chopped rice straw on top of the soil(FG), bury the chopped rice straw(TM), and no straw returning(CK), was carried out in the Puyang Town of Dujiangyan in June and September in 2016. The soil fauna collected were classified into 50 taxonomic groups, among which Nematoda was the dominant species. The soil fauna density under FG was significantly(P<0.05) increased than CK, but there was no significant difference in the quantity of soil fauna communities. Two months after straw returning, there was no significant difference in biodiversity indexes within treatments. However, 5 months after straw returning, the dominance index of FG and TM treatments was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of CK. These results indicated that proper straw returning could improve soil fauna community.
引文
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[5] 朱强根, 朱安宁, 张佳宝, 等. 保护性耕作下土壤动物群落及其与土壤肥力的关系[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(2): 70-76.ZHU Q G, ZHU A N, ZHANG J B, et al. Relation of agricultural soil fauna and foil fertility under conservation tillage systems[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(2): 70-76. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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[11] 胡心意, 傅庆林, 刘琛, 等. 秸秆还田和耕作深度对稻田耕层土壤的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(7): 1202-1210. HU X Y, FU Q L, LIU C, et al. Effects of straw-returning and tillage depth on soil properties in plough layer of paddy soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(7): 1202-1210. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] TOSZA E, DUMNICKA E, NIKLINSKA M, et al. Enchytraeid and earthworm communities along a pollution gradient near Olkusz (southern Poland)[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2010, 46(3/4): 218-224.
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[14] 杨滨娟, 钱海燕, 黄国勤, 等. 秸秆还田及其研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2012, 2(5): 1-4.YANG B J, QIAN H Y, HUANG G Q, et al. Research progress and rice-straw returning[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2012, 2(5): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 王一华, 傅荣恕. 辛硫磷农药对土壤螨类影响的研究[J]. 山东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 18(4): 72-75.WANG Y H, FU R S. Simulating toxicity tests of phoxim pesticide to soil mites[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science), 2003, 18(4): 72-75. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 黄玉梅. 土壤动物群落多样性研究进展[J]. 西部林业科学, 2004, 33(3):63-68.HUANG Y M. Research progress on community diversity of soil invertebrate[J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 2004, 33(3): 63-68. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.
[18] 尹文英, 杨逢春. 中国亚热带土壤动物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992.
[19] 李鸿兴, 隋敬之, 周世秀. 昆虫分类检索[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987.
[20] 钟觉民. 幼虫分类学[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1990: 3-8.
[21] BASSET Y, CIZEK L, CUéNOUD P, et al. Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6113): 1481-1484.
[22] 连旭, 隋玉柱, 武海涛,等. 秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨群落结构的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(1): 134-142.LIAN X, SUI Y Z, WU H T, et al. Effect of on-site recycling of straw on community structure of soil Oribatida in black soil farmland[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(1): 134-142. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 王晓波, 车威, 纪荣婷,等. 秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响[J]. 土壤, 2015, 47(3): 483-489.WANG X B, CHE W, JI R T, et al. Effects of straw returning and conservation tillage patterns on the contents of organic matter and nitrogen nutrient in the lime concretion black soil[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(3): 483-489. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 刘迎新, 王凯荣, 谢小立, 等. 稻草覆盖对亚热带红壤旱坡地玉米旱期生长的生理调节作用及其产量效应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2007, 23(4): 18-23.LIU Y X, WANG K R, XIE X L, et al. Effect of straw mulching on physiological adjustment and output of maize growing on subtropical red soil slope-land in dry season[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2007, 23(4): 18-23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 赵睿宇, 李正才, 王斌,等. 毛竹林地表稻草覆盖后翻耕对土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(8):2118-2126.ZHAO R Y, LI Z C, WANG B, et al. Effects of straw mulching and scarification on soil labile organic carbon pool in a Phyllostachys edulis plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(8): 2118-2126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 刘鹏飞, 红梅, 常菲,等. 秸秆还田对黑土区西部农田中小型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(1):139-146.LIU P F, HONG M, CHANG F, et al. Impact of straw returning on cropland soil meso fauna community in the western part of black soil area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(1): 139-146. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] 马南, 钱瑞雪, 杨慧敏, 等. 免耕留茬耕作对中小型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(5): 825-831. MA N, QIAN R X, YANG H M, et al. Effects of no tillage and stubble mulch on soil meso-microfauna communities[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(5): 825-831. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 李勇, 顾垚俊, 刘益军,等. 缙云山森林土壤微生物数量与群落特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(5): 1161-1167.LI Y, GU Y J, LIU Y J, et al. Characteristics of microbial quantities and communities in forest soils of Jinyun Mountain[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(5): 1161-1167. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] WANG J, WANG X, XU M, et al. Crop yield and soil organic matter after long-term straw return to soil in China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2015, 102(3): 371-381.
[3] 佘冬立, 谢小立, 王凯荣,等. 基于稻草还田的稻田生态系统N素吸收特性研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2007, 23(1):88-91.SHE D L, XIE X L, WANG K R, et al. Nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem based on rice straw incorporation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2007, 23(1): 88-91. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] WANG X, YANG H, LIU J, et al. Effects of ditch-buried straw return on soil organic carbon and rice yields in a rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Catena, 2015, 127: 56-63.
[5] 朱强根, 朱安宁, 张佳宝, 等. 保护性耕作下土壤动物群落及其与土壤肥力的关系[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(2): 70-76.ZHU Q G, ZHU A N, ZHANG J B, et al. Relation of agricultural soil fauna and foil fertility under conservation tillage systems[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(2): 70-76. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] SHI T, LIU Y, ZHANG L, et al. Burning in agricultural landscapes: an emerging natural and human issue in China[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2014, 29(10): 1785-1798.
[7] 许明敏, 冯金侠, 陈卫平, 等. 秸秆集中沟埋还田对土壤氮素分布及微生物群落的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(10): 1960-1967.XU M M, FENG J X, CHEN W P, et al. Effects of ditch-buried straw return on nitrogen distribution and microbial community in the straw-soil inter-face[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(10): 1960-1967. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] ZHANG J, HU K, LI K, et al. Simulating the effects of long-term discontinuous and continuous fertilization with straw return on crop yields and soil organic carbon dynamics using the DNDC model[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2017, 165: 302-314.
[9] BRUSSAARD L. Soil fauna, guilds, functional groups and ecosystem processes[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 1998, 9(1/2/3): 123-135.
[10] 南雄雄, 田霄鸿, 张琳, 等. 小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(3): 626-633.NAN X X, TIAN X H, ZHANG L, et al. Decomposition characteristics of maize and wheat straw and their effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(3): 626-633. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 胡心意, 傅庆林, 刘琛, 等. 秸秆还田和耕作深度对稻田耕层土壤的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(7): 1202-1210. HU X Y, FU Q L, LIU C, et al. Effects of straw-returning and tillage depth on soil properties in plough layer of paddy soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(7): 1202-1210. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] TOSZA E, DUMNICKA E, NIKLINSKA M, et al. Enchytraeid and earthworm communities along a pollution gradient near Olkusz (southern Poland)[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2010, 46(3/4): 218-224.
[13] 宋理洪, 武海涛, 吴东辉. 我国农田生态系统土壤动物生态学研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2898-2906. SONG L H, WU H T, WU D H. Soil fauna ecology in China cropland ecosystems: research progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(12): 2898-2906. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 杨滨娟, 钱海燕, 黄国勤, 等. 秸秆还田及其研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2012, 2(5): 1-4.YANG B J, QIAN H Y, HUANG G Q, et al. Research progress and rice-straw returning[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2012, 2(5): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 王一华, 傅荣恕. 辛硫磷农药对土壤螨类影响的研究[J]. 山东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 18(4): 72-75.WANG Y H, FU R S. Simulating toxicity tests of phoxim pesticide to soil mites[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science), 2003, 18(4): 72-75. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 黄玉梅. 土壤动物群落多样性研究进展[J]. 西部林业科学, 2004, 33(3):63-68.HUANG Y M. Research progress on community diversity of soil invertebrate[J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 2004, 33(3): 63-68. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.
[18] 尹文英, 杨逢春. 中国亚热带土壤动物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992.
[19] 李鸿兴, 隋敬之, 周世秀. 昆虫分类检索[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987.
[20] 钟觉民. 幼虫分类学[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1990: 3-8.
[21] BASSET Y, CIZEK L, CUéNOUD P, et al. Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6113): 1481-1484.
[22] 连旭, 隋玉柱, 武海涛,等. 秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨群落结构的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(1): 134-142.LIAN X, SUI Y Z, WU H T, et al. Effect of on-site recycling of straw on community structure of soil Oribatida in black soil farmland[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(1): 134-142. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 王晓波, 车威, 纪荣婷,等. 秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响[J]. 土壤, 2015, 47(3): 483-489.WANG X B, CHE W, JI R T, et al. Effects of straw returning and conservation tillage patterns on the contents of organic matter and nitrogen nutrient in the lime concretion black soil[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(3): 483-489. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 刘迎新, 王凯荣, 谢小立, 等. 稻草覆盖对亚热带红壤旱坡地玉米旱期生长的生理调节作用及其产量效应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2007, 23(4): 18-23.LIU Y X, WANG K R, XIE X L, et al. Effect of straw mulching on physiological adjustment and output of maize growing on subtropical red soil slope-land in dry season[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2007, 23(4): 18-23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 赵睿宇, 李正才, 王斌,等. 毛竹林地表稻草覆盖后翻耕对土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(8):2118-2126.ZHAO R Y, LI Z C, WANG B, et al. Effects of straw mulching and scarification on soil labile organic carbon pool in a Phyllostachys edulis plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(8): 2118-2126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 刘鹏飞, 红梅, 常菲,等. 秸秆还田对黑土区西部农田中小型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(1):139-146.LIU P F, HONG M, CHANG F, et al. Impact of straw returning on cropland soil meso fauna community in the western part of black soil area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(1): 139-146. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] 马南, 钱瑞雪, 杨慧敏, 等. 免耕留茬耕作对中小型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(5): 825-831. MA N, QIAN R X, YANG H M, et al. Effects of no tillage and stubble mulch on soil meso-microfauna communities[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(5): 825-831. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 李勇, 顾垚俊, 刘益军,等. 缙云山森林土壤微生物数量与群落特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(5): 1161-1167.LI Y, GU Y J, LIU Y J, et al. Characteristics of microbial quantities and communities in forest soils of Jinyun Mountain[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(5): 1161-1167. (in Chinese with English abstract)