慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的诊治现状及治理
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摘要
<正>肺栓塞是来自全身静脉系统或右心的内源性或外源性栓子,阻塞了肺动脉或其分支,引起肺循环和呼吸功能障碍的临床综合征。肺栓塞的栓子包括血栓、脂肪、羊水、空气、瘤栓和感染性栓子等,其中绝大多数为血栓,也称为肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary thromboembolism, PTE)。PTE急性期的病理生理改变取决于肺动脉内血栓在纤溶系统作用下溶解、移位、机化和血流再通的结果,而患者的基础
引文
[1] Guérin L, Couturaud F, Parent F, et al. Prevalence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. Prevalence of CTEPH after pulmonary embolism[J]. Thromb Haemost,2014,112(3):598-605.
[2] Fedullo P, Kerr KM, Kim NH, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2011,183(12):1605-1613.
[3] Gopalan D, Delcroix M, Held M. Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Respir Rev,2017,26(143)pii:160108.
[4] Lang IM, Pesavento R, Bonderman D, et al. Risk factors and basic mechanisms of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:a current understanding[J]. Eur Respir J,2013,41(2):462-468.
[5] Pepke-Zaba J, Delcroix M, Lang I, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH):results from an international prospective registry[J]. Circulation,2011,124(18):1973-1981.
[6] Ogawa A, Satoh T, Fukuda T, et al. Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:Results of a Multicenter Registry[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes,2017,10(11)pii:e004029.
[7] Tanabe N. Analysis of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension(Intractable Disease Database).Tokyo, Ministry of Health, Wealth and Labor,2008.
[8]程显声,李瑛,李清,等.慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压72例临床分析[J].中华内科杂志,1997,36(5):321-324.
[9] Elwing JM, Vaidya A, Auger WR. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:An Update[J]. Clin Chest Med,2018,39(3):605-620.
[10] Kim NH, Delcroix M, Jais X, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Respir J, 2019,53(1)pii:1801915.
[11] Medrek S, Safdar Z. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:Risk Factors and Mechanisms[J]. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J,2016,12(4):195-198.
[12] Guérin L, Couturaud F, Parent F, et al. Prevalence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. Prevalence of CTEPH after pulmonary embolism[J]. Thromb Haemost,2014,112(3):598-605.
[13] Yang S, Yang Y, Zhai Z, et al. Incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in patients after acute pulmonary embolism[J]. J Thorac Dis,2015,7(11):1927-1938.
[14] Korkmaz A, Ozlu T, Ozsu S, et al. Long-term outcomes in acute pulmonary thromboembolism:the incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and associated risk factors[J]. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost,2012,18(3):281-288.
[15] Mercier O, Fadel E. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:animal models[J]. Eur Respir J,2013,41(5):1200-1206.
[16] Sacks RS, Remillard CV, Agange N, et al. Molecular biology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2006,18(3):265-276.
[17]中华医学会心血管病学分会肺血管病学组中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.中国肺高血压诊断和治疗指南2018[J].中华心血管病杂志,2018,46(12):933-964.
[18] Desmarais J, Elliott CG. Familial Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension[J]. Chest,2016,149(4):e99-e101.
[19] Feng YX, Liu D, Sun ML, et al. BMPR2 germline mutation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Lung,2014,192(4):625-627.
[20] Xi Q, Liu Z, Zhao Z, et al. High Frequency of Pulmonary Hypertension-Causing Gene Mutation in Chinese Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension[J]. PLoS One,2016,11(1):e0147396.
[21] Tunariu N, Gibbs SJ, Win Z, et al. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension[J]. J Nucl Med,2007 May,48(5):680-684.
[22] He J, Fang W, Lv B, et al. Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:comparison of ventilation/perfusion scanning and multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pulmonary angiography[J]. Nucl Med Commun,2012,33(5):459-463.
[23] Wilkens H, Konstantinides S, Lang IM, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH):Updated Recommendations from the Cologne Consensus Conference 2018[J]. Int J Cardiol,2018,272S:69-78.
[24]张晶,卢献灵,何建国.慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的研究进展[J].国际心血管病杂志,2010,37(6):331-334.
[25] Andreassen AK, Ragnarsson A, Gude E, et al. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Heart,2013,99(19):1415-1420.
[26]陈员,叶书高,聂晓伟,等.肺移植治疗慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压六例临床分析[J].中华器官移植杂志,2017,38(11):682-686.
[2] Fedullo P, Kerr KM, Kim NH, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2011,183(12):1605-1613.
[3] Gopalan D, Delcroix M, Held M. Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Respir Rev,2017,26(143)pii:160108.
[4] Lang IM, Pesavento R, Bonderman D, et al. Risk factors and basic mechanisms of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:a current understanding[J]. Eur Respir J,2013,41(2):462-468.
[5] Pepke-Zaba J, Delcroix M, Lang I, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH):results from an international prospective registry[J]. Circulation,2011,124(18):1973-1981.
[6] Ogawa A, Satoh T, Fukuda T, et al. Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:Results of a Multicenter Registry[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes,2017,10(11)pii:e004029.
[7] Tanabe N. Analysis of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension(Intractable Disease Database).Tokyo, Ministry of Health, Wealth and Labor,2008.
[8]程显声,李瑛,李清,等.慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压72例临床分析[J].中华内科杂志,1997,36(5):321-324.
[9] Elwing JM, Vaidya A, Auger WR. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:An Update[J]. Clin Chest Med,2018,39(3):605-620.
[10] Kim NH, Delcroix M, Jais X, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Respir J, 2019,53(1)pii:1801915.
[11] Medrek S, Safdar Z. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:Risk Factors and Mechanisms[J]. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J,2016,12(4):195-198.
[12] Guérin L, Couturaud F, Parent F, et al. Prevalence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. Prevalence of CTEPH after pulmonary embolism[J]. Thromb Haemost,2014,112(3):598-605.
[13] Yang S, Yang Y, Zhai Z, et al. Incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in patients after acute pulmonary embolism[J]. J Thorac Dis,2015,7(11):1927-1938.
[14] Korkmaz A, Ozlu T, Ozsu S, et al. Long-term outcomes in acute pulmonary thromboembolism:the incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and associated risk factors[J]. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost,2012,18(3):281-288.
[15] Mercier O, Fadel E. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:animal models[J]. Eur Respir J,2013,41(5):1200-1206.
[16] Sacks RS, Remillard CV, Agange N, et al. Molecular biology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2006,18(3):265-276.
[17]中华医学会心血管病学分会肺血管病学组中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.中国肺高血压诊断和治疗指南2018[J].中华心血管病杂志,2018,46(12):933-964.
[18] Desmarais J, Elliott CG. Familial Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension[J]. Chest,2016,149(4):e99-e101.
[19] Feng YX, Liu D, Sun ML, et al. BMPR2 germline mutation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Lung,2014,192(4):625-627.
[20] Xi Q, Liu Z, Zhao Z, et al. High Frequency of Pulmonary Hypertension-Causing Gene Mutation in Chinese Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension[J]. PLoS One,2016,11(1):e0147396.
[21] Tunariu N, Gibbs SJ, Win Z, et al. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension[J]. J Nucl Med,2007 May,48(5):680-684.
[22] He J, Fang W, Lv B, et al. Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:comparison of ventilation/perfusion scanning and multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pulmonary angiography[J]. Nucl Med Commun,2012,33(5):459-463.
[23] Wilkens H, Konstantinides S, Lang IM, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH):Updated Recommendations from the Cologne Consensus Conference 2018[J]. Int J Cardiol,2018,272S:69-78.
[24]张晶,卢献灵,何建国.慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的研究进展[J].国际心血管病杂志,2010,37(6):331-334.
[25] Andreassen AK, Ragnarsson A, Gude E, et al. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Heart,2013,99(19):1415-1420.
[26]陈员,叶书高,聂晓伟,等.肺移植治疗慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压六例临床分析[J].中华器官移植杂志,2017,38(11):682-686.