不同灌水定额对膜下滴灌玉米耗水及产量的影响
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摘要
为探究不同灌水定额对阿勒泰多砾石砂土地区玉米耗水及产量的影响,采用大田小区对比的试验方法,分析30.0、37.5、45.0、52.5、60.0mm灌水定额对玉米耗水及产量的影响。结果表明,玉米各生育期耗水量随灌溉定额的增加而增加,且以灌水定额45.0mm处理为界,高灌水处理与低灌水处理耗水量在喇叭口期-完熟期差异显著(P <0.05)。各生育期耗水量及耗水模数峰值均出现在抽雄散粉-乳熟期,在抽雄散粉期60.0mm灌水定额处理耗水量达到144.87mm,在抽雄散粉期-乳熟期应加强水分管理。灌水量越大,深层渗漏损失越严重;产量与水分利用效率均随灌水定额的增加呈单峰曲线变化,峰值均出现在52.5mm处理,且灌溉利用效率较大。试验分析认为在阿勒泰多砾石砂土地区52.5mm处理是利用效率与产量兼优的滴灌玉米灌水处理。
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation quotas on the water consumption and yield of maize in the pebbly sandy soil area in Altay,the effects of different irrigation quotas on(30.0 mm,37.5 mm,45.0 mm,52.5 mm and 60.0 mm)water consumption and yield of maize were analyzed by using the test method of field plot comparison.The results showed that:the water consumption of maize during each growth stage increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and 45.0 mm treatment was the boundary.The high irrigation and low irrigation treatment were significantly different in the trumpet-full ripe stage.The peak value of water consumption and modulus of consumption at each growth stage appeared in the tasseling-milky stage,and reached 144.87 mm at the stage of tasseling,therefore,water management should be strengthened in the tasseling-milky stage.The greater the amount of irrigation,the more serious the loss of the deep seepage;yield and water use efficiency all showed a single peak curve with the increase of irrigation quota,the peak values were 52.5 mm.And the efficiency of irrigation was greater.The experimental analysis showed that the treatment of 52.5 mm in the pebbly sand soil area in Altay area was the best irrigation treatment for water utilization efficiency and yield.
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation quotas on the water consumption and yield of maize in the pebbly sandy soil area in Altay,the effects of different irrigation quotas on(30.0 mm,37.5 mm,45.0 mm,52.5 mm and 60.0 mm)water consumption and yield of maize were analyzed by using the test method of field plot comparison.The results showed that:the water consumption of maize during each growth stage increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and 45.0 mm treatment was the boundary.The high irrigation and low irrigation treatment were significantly different in the trumpet-full ripe stage.The peak value of water consumption and modulus of consumption at each growth stage appeared in the tasseling-milky stage,and reached 144.87 mm at the stage of tasseling,therefore,water management should be strengthened in the tasseling-milky stage.The greater the amount of irrigation,the more serious the loss of the deep seepage;yield and water use efficiency all showed a single peak curve with the increase of irrigation quota,the peak values were 52.5 mm.And the efficiency of irrigation was greater.The experimental analysis showed that the treatment of 52.5 mm in the pebbly sand soil area in Altay area was the best irrigation treatment for water utilization efficiency and yield.
引文
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[16]陈凯丽,赵经华,黄红建,等.不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):65-68.
[17]刘浩,孙景生,张寄阳,等.耕作方式和水分处理对棉花生产及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):164-168.
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[19]宫亮,孙文涛,隽英华,等.补充灌溉对玉米生理指标及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(1):9-11.
[20]李晶,王俊杰,陈金木.新疆水权改革经验与启示[J].中国水利,2017(13):17-19.
[21]吴泳辰,韩国君,陈年来,等.调亏灌溉对加工番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016(7):104-107.
[22]莫俊明.金沟河流域农业水资源优化配置研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[23]徐剑,赵经华,马英杰,等.不同灌水量对打瓜生长及产量的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(4):253-259.
[24] Li S H,Huguet J G,Schoch P G,et al.Response of peach tree growth and cropping to soil water deficit at various phenological stages of fruit development[J].Journal of Horticultural Science,1989,64(5):541-552.
[25]江俊燕,汪有科.不同灌水量和灌水周期对滴灌马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2):121-125.
[26]刘战东,肖俊夫,刘祖贵,等.膜下滴灌不同灌水处理对玉米形态、耗水量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(3):60-64.
[27]罗迪汉,王勇,宇宙.不同灌水定额对覆膜滴灌玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(7):5-8.
[28]梁哲军,齐宏立,王玉香,等.不同滴灌定额对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):74-78.
[29]唐光木,何红,杨金钰,等.灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):293-297.
[2]段爱旺,张寄阳.中国灌溉农田粮食作物水分利用效率的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):41-44.
[3]张芮,成自勇.调亏对膜下滴灌制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(4):98-101.
[4] Trout T J,S.Imunek J,Shouse P J,et al.Comparison of HYDRUS-2DSimulations of Drip Irrigation with Experimental Observations[J].Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,2004,130(4):304-310.
[5]李泄清,李凤民.半干旱地区不同地膜覆盖时期对土壤氮素有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(9):1519-1526.
[6]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同水分条件和覆盖处理对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):501-506.
[7]宋常吉,郑旭荣,王振华,等.北疆滴灌复播青贮玉米耗水规律初步研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(8):19-22.
[8]樊廷录,杨珍,王建华,等.灌水时期和灌水量对甘肃河西玉米制种产量和水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(5):1-6.
[9]翟超,周和平,赵健.北疆膜下滴灌玉米年际需水量及耗水规律[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(14):2769-2780.
[10]刘虎,魏永富,郭克贞.北疆干旱荒漠地区青贮玉米需水量与需水规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):94-100.
[11]杨荣,苏永中.水氮配合对绿洲沙地农田玉米产量、土壤硝态氮和氮平衡的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1459-1469.
[12]刘虎,苏佩凤,郭克贞,等.北疆干旱荒漠地区春小麦与苜蓿灌溉制度研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):187-190.
[13]陈凯丽,赵经华,马英杰,等.不同水氮处理对阿勒泰地区滴灌春小麦生长、产量及水氮利用的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(2):85-91.
[14]王小燕,褚鹏飞,于振文.水氮互作对小麦土壤硝态氮运移及水、氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):992-1002.
[15]洪明,朱航威,穆哈西,等.不同滴头流量及灌水定额下红枣树耗水规律[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):72-77.
[16]陈凯丽,赵经华,黄红建,等.不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):65-68.
[17]刘浩,孙景生,张寄阳,等.耕作方式和水分处理对棉花生产及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):164-168.
[18]谢夏玲.膜下滴灌玉米的需水规律及其产量效应研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[19]宫亮,孙文涛,隽英华,等.补充灌溉对玉米生理指标及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(1):9-11.
[20]李晶,王俊杰,陈金木.新疆水权改革经验与启示[J].中国水利,2017(13):17-19.
[21]吴泳辰,韩国君,陈年来,等.调亏灌溉对加工番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016(7):104-107.
[22]莫俊明.金沟河流域农业水资源优化配置研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[23]徐剑,赵经华,马英杰,等.不同灌水量对打瓜生长及产量的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(4):253-259.
[24] Li S H,Huguet J G,Schoch P G,et al.Response of peach tree growth and cropping to soil water deficit at various phenological stages of fruit development[J].Journal of Horticultural Science,1989,64(5):541-552.
[25]江俊燕,汪有科.不同灌水量和灌水周期对滴灌马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2):121-125.
[26]刘战东,肖俊夫,刘祖贵,等.膜下滴灌不同灌水处理对玉米形态、耗水量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(3):60-64.
[27]罗迪汉,王勇,宇宙.不同灌水定额对覆膜滴灌玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(7):5-8.
[28]梁哲军,齐宏立,王玉香,等.不同滴灌定额对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):74-78.
[29]唐光木,何红,杨金钰,等.灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):293-297.