摘要
为探究不同灌水定额对阿勒泰多砾石砂土地区玉米耗水及产量的影响,采用大田小区对比的试验方法,分析30.0、37.5、45.0、52.5、60.0mm灌水定额对玉米耗水及产量的影响。结果表明,玉米各生育期耗水量随灌溉定额的增加而增加,且以灌水定额45.0mm处理为界,高灌水处理与低灌水处理耗水量在喇叭口期-完熟期差异显著(P <0.05)。各生育期耗水量及耗水模数峰值均出现在抽雄散粉-乳熟期,在抽雄散粉期60.0mm灌水定额处理耗水量达到144.87mm,在抽雄散粉期-乳熟期应加强水分管理。灌水量越大,深层渗漏损失越严重;产量与水分利用效率均随灌水定额的增加呈单峰曲线变化,峰值均出现在52.5mm处理,且灌溉利用效率较大。试验分析认为在阿勒泰多砾石砂土地区52.5mm处理是利用效率与产量兼优的滴灌玉米灌水处理。
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation quotas on the water consumption and yield of maize in the pebbly sandy soil area in Altay,the effects of different irrigation quotas on(30.0 mm,37.5 mm,45.0 mm,52.5 mm and 60.0 mm)water consumption and yield of maize were analyzed by using the test method of field plot comparison.The results showed that:the water consumption of maize during each growth stage increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and 45.0 mm treatment was the boundary.The high irrigation and low irrigation treatment were significantly different in the trumpet-full ripe stage.The peak value of water consumption and modulus of consumption at each growth stage appeared in the tasseling-milky stage,and reached 144.87 mm at the stage of tasseling,therefore,water management should be strengthened in the tasseling-milky stage.The greater the amount of irrigation,the more serious the loss of the deep seepage;yield and water use efficiency all showed a single peak curve with the increase of irrigation quota,the peak values were 52.5 mm.And the efficiency of irrigation was greater.The experimental analysis showed that the treatment of 52.5 mm in the pebbly sand soil area in Altay area was the best irrigation treatment for water utilization efficiency and yield.
引文
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