谷子FT/TFL1家族的全基因组鉴定与分析
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摘要
谷子是传统的优势作物,具有极高的营养价值,提高谷子的产量是目前谷子研究的主要方向,通过控制谷子开花时间,可以有效地提高谷子产量。FT/TFL1基因家族在植物成花转变过程中起关键作用。通过构建FT/TFL1蛋白家族的系统发育树。结果发现,谷子FT/TFL1家族可以分为FT,MFT和TFL1共3个亚类;谷子、水稻和拟南芥的FT亚类、MFT亚类和TFL1亚类的蛋白序列高度保守,均具有一段含有50个氨基酸残基的保守基序;FT/TFL1基因家族的启动子区域含有光响应元件Sp1、低温响应元件LTR和脱落酸响应元件ABRE等。对谷子表达模式分析发现,FT亚家族的Seita.4G122200基因在根、叶和苗中的表达量都很高,Seita.4G180200基因在穗中的表达量最高;TFL1亚类的Seita.1G180300基因和Seita.7G324800基因在根中的表达量也较高;FT,MFT和TFL1这3个亚类在谷子不同组织中的表达量存在显著差异。
Foxtail millet is grown as a traditional advantage crops with high nutritional value, improving the yield of foxtail millet is one of the main direction of millet research, foxtail millet yield can be effectively increased by controlling the flowering time. The FT/TFL1 gene family plays a key role in regulates the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. In this article, we constructed the phylogenetic tree of the FT/TFL1 protein family. The results found that FT/TFL1 family of foxtail millet is divided into three subclasses:FT-like, MFT-like and TFL1-like. Their domains of foxtail millet, rice and Arabidopsis have a conserved motif that contains 50 amino acid residues. The promoter region of the FT/TFL1 gene family contains light response element Sp1, low-temperature response element LTR and ABA response element, etc. Expression pattern analysis of foxtail millet FT/TFL1 gene reveals that Seita.4 G122200 of the FT subclass is highly expressed in roots, leaves and shoot, Seita.1 G180300 and Seita.7 G324800 of TFL1 subclass has higher expression in roots, expression level of these FT/TFL1 genes is significantly different in different tissues of foxtail millet. This lays the theoretical foundation for the future study of flowering regulation mechanism of foxtail millet.
Foxtail millet is grown as a traditional advantage crops with high nutritional value, improving the yield of foxtail millet is one of the main direction of millet research, foxtail millet yield can be effectively increased by controlling the flowering time. The FT/TFL1 gene family plays a key role in regulates the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. In this article, we constructed the phylogenetic tree of the FT/TFL1 protein family. The results found that FT/TFL1 family of foxtail millet is divided into three subclasses:FT-like, MFT-like and TFL1-like. Their domains of foxtail millet, rice and Arabidopsis have a conserved motif that contains 50 amino acid residues. The promoter region of the FT/TFL1 gene family contains light response element Sp1, low-temperature response element LTR and ABA response element, etc. Expression pattern analysis of foxtail millet FT/TFL1 gene reveals that Seita.4 G122200 of the FT subclass is highly expressed in roots, leaves and shoot, Seita.1 G180300 and Seita.7 G324800 of TFL1 subclass has higher expression in roots, expression level of these FT/TFL1 genes is significantly different in different tissues of foxtail millet. This lays the theoretical foundation for the future study of flowering regulation mechanism of foxtail millet.
引文
[1]张雪峰.中国谷子产业发展问题研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[2]YUAN X Y,ZHANG L G,HUANG L,et al.Spraying brassinolide improves sigma broad tolerance in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)through modulation of antioxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):11232.
[3]JIANG P,WANG S,ZHENG H,et al.SIP1 participates in regulation of flowering time in rice by recruiting Os Trx1 to Ehd1[J].The New phytologist,2018,219(1):422-435.
[4]穆彩琴,屈聪玲,张瑞娟,等.谷子CO家族基因的全基因组鉴定与分析[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(9):1243-1246.
[5]侯雷平,李云龙.植物开花的分子生物学基础[J].山西农业科学,2002,30(2):82-88.
[6]DRABESOVA J,CERNA L,MASTEROVA H,et al.The evolution of the FT/TFL1 genes in amaranthaceae and their expression patterns in the course of vegetative growth and flowering in chenopodium rubrum[J].G3(Bethesda,Md),2016,6(10):3065-3076.
[7]WICKLAND D P,HANZAWA Y.The flowering locus T/TERMINAL flower 1 gene family:functional evolution and molecular mechanisms[J].Molecular plant,2015,8(7):983-997.
[8]杜丽,李勇鹏,姚瑶.成花基因FT/TFL1基因家族及其对植物成花转变遗传改良的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(7):9-12.
[9]SCHWARTZ C J,LEE J,AMASINO R.Variation in shade-induced flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana results from FLOWERING LOCUS T allelic variation[J].PLo S One,2017,12(11):e0187768.
[10]BUSCH W,BENFEY P N.Information processing without brains--the power of intercellular regulators in plants[J].Development(Cambridge,England),2010,137(8):1215-1226.
[11]CAO K,CUI L,ZHOU X,et al.Four Tomato FLOWERING LOCUS T-like proteins act antagonistically to regulate floral initiation[J].Front Plant Sci,2015,6:1213.
[12]JIN S,JUNG H S,CHUNG K S,et al.FLOWERING LOCUS T has higher protein mobility than TWIN SISTER of FT[J].Journal of experimental botany,2015,66(20):6109-6117.
[13]ENDO M,NAKAMURA S,ARAKI T,et al.Phytochrome B in the mesophyll delays flowering by suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in Arabidopsis vascular bundles[J].The Plant cell,2005,17(7):1941-1952.
[14]SIMON R,IGENO M I,COUPLAND G.Activation of floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis[J].Nature,1996,384:59-62.
[15]GAO J,HUANG B H,WAN Y T,et al.Functional divergence and intron variability during evolution of angiosperm TERMINAL FLOWER1(TFL1)genes[J].Scientific reports,2017,7(1):14830.
[16]BAI S,TUAN P A,SAITO T,et al.Repression of TERMINAL FLOWER1 primarily mediates floral induction in pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)concomitant with change in gene expression of plant hormone-related genes and transcription factors[J].Journal of experimental botany,2017,68(17):4899-4914.
[17]LI C,FU Q,NIU L,et al.Three TFL1 homologues regulate floral initiation in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas[J].Scientific reports,2017,7:43090.
[18]KRALEMANN L E M,SCALONE R,ANDERSSON L,et al.North European invasion by common ragweed is associated with early flowering and dominant changes in FT/TFL1 expression[J].Journal of experimental botany,2018,69(10):2647-2658.
[19]HALL BG.Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(5):1229-1235.
[20]GALILI T,O'CALLAGHAN A,SIDI J,et al.heatmaply:an R package for creating interactive cluster heatmaps for online publishing[J].Bioinformatics(Oxford,England),2018,34(9):1600-1602.
[21]付建新.FT/TFL1基因家族调控高等植物生长发育的分子机理[J].分子植物育种,2011,93(9):1662-1672.
[22]NISHIKAWA F,ENDO T,SHIMADA T,et al.Increased Ci FT abundance in the stem correlates with floral induction by low temperature in Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(14):3915-3927.
[23]HANZAWA Y,MONEY T,BRADLEY D.A single amino acid converts a repressor to an activator of flowering[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(21):7748-7753.
[2]YUAN X Y,ZHANG L G,HUANG L,et al.Spraying brassinolide improves sigma broad tolerance in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)through modulation of antioxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):11232.
[3]JIANG P,WANG S,ZHENG H,et al.SIP1 participates in regulation of flowering time in rice by recruiting Os Trx1 to Ehd1[J].The New phytologist,2018,219(1):422-435.
[4]穆彩琴,屈聪玲,张瑞娟,等.谷子CO家族基因的全基因组鉴定与分析[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(9):1243-1246.
[5]侯雷平,李云龙.植物开花的分子生物学基础[J].山西农业科学,2002,30(2):82-88.
[6]DRABESOVA J,CERNA L,MASTEROVA H,et al.The evolution of the FT/TFL1 genes in amaranthaceae and their expression patterns in the course of vegetative growth and flowering in chenopodium rubrum[J].G3(Bethesda,Md),2016,6(10):3065-3076.
[7]WICKLAND D P,HANZAWA Y.The flowering locus T/TERMINAL flower 1 gene family:functional evolution and molecular mechanisms[J].Molecular plant,2015,8(7):983-997.
[8]杜丽,李勇鹏,姚瑶.成花基因FT/TFL1基因家族及其对植物成花转变遗传改良的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(7):9-12.
[9]SCHWARTZ C J,LEE J,AMASINO R.Variation in shade-induced flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana results from FLOWERING LOCUS T allelic variation[J].PLo S One,2017,12(11):e0187768.
[10]BUSCH W,BENFEY P N.Information processing without brains--the power of intercellular regulators in plants[J].Development(Cambridge,England),2010,137(8):1215-1226.
[11]CAO K,CUI L,ZHOU X,et al.Four Tomato FLOWERING LOCUS T-like proteins act antagonistically to regulate floral initiation[J].Front Plant Sci,2015,6:1213.
[12]JIN S,JUNG H S,CHUNG K S,et al.FLOWERING LOCUS T has higher protein mobility than TWIN SISTER of FT[J].Journal of experimental botany,2015,66(20):6109-6117.
[13]ENDO M,NAKAMURA S,ARAKI T,et al.Phytochrome B in the mesophyll delays flowering by suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in Arabidopsis vascular bundles[J].The Plant cell,2005,17(7):1941-1952.
[14]SIMON R,IGENO M I,COUPLAND G.Activation of floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis[J].Nature,1996,384:59-62.
[15]GAO J,HUANG B H,WAN Y T,et al.Functional divergence and intron variability during evolution of angiosperm TERMINAL FLOWER1(TFL1)genes[J].Scientific reports,2017,7(1):14830.
[16]BAI S,TUAN P A,SAITO T,et al.Repression of TERMINAL FLOWER1 primarily mediates floral induction in pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)concomitant with change in gene expression of plant hormone-related genes and transcription factors[J].Journal of experimental botany,2017,68(17):4899-4914.
[17]LI C,FU Q,NIU L,et al.Three TFL1 homologues regulate floral initiation in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas[J].Scientific reports,2017,7:43090.
[18]KRALEMANN L E M,SCALONE R,ANDERSSON L,et al.North European invasion by common ragweed is associated with early flowering and dominant changes in FT/TFL1 expression[J].Journal of experimental botany,2018,69(10):2647-2658.
[19]HALL BG.Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(5):1229-1235.
[20]GALILI T,O'CALLAGHAN A,SIDI J,et al.heatmaply:an R package for creating interactive cluster heatmaps for online publishing[J].Bioinformatics(Oxford,England),2018,34(9):1600-1602.
[21]付建新.FT/TFL1基因家族调控高等植物生长发育的分子机理[J].分子植物育种,2011,93(9):1662-1672.
[22]NISHIKAWA F,ENDO T,SHIMADA T,et al.Increased Ci FT abundance in the stem correlates with floral induction by low temperature in Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(14):3915-3927.
[23]HANZAWA Y,MONEY T,BRADLEY D.A single amino acid converts a repressor to an activator of flowering[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(21):7748-7753.