北京地热开采中的尾水氟处理方法
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摘要
釆用猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石、蜂窝煤灰和赤铁矿进行吸附除氟实验,猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石效果较好,蜂窝煤灰有一定的效果。猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石的氟吸附量最高可达1.28mg/g,蜂窝煤灰可达1.00mg/g。猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石出水含氟量的最低值为0.39mg/L,氟去除率达94.3%。蜂窝煤灰除氟的最低含氟量为4.25mg/L,接近北京市三级排放标准。不同pH值条件下的除氟实验表明,酸性条件下蜂窝煤灰对氟的吸附量大大增加,出水含氟量明显降低,为1.44mg/L,pH值的变化对猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石的除氟效果影响不大。蜂窝煤灰和猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石的平衡吸附曲线表明,吸附作用为多层分子吸附,利用蜂窝煤灰和猪骨灰型羟基磷灰石对氟的吸附量和出水含氟量数据,估算了平衡吸附曲线表达式的系数。
The adsorb defluoridation experiment, performed by using pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy, fly ash from honeycomb briquette and hematite, demonstrated that pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy easily produced excellent effect, fly ash from honeycomb briquette took second place and hematite performed worse. The maximum fluorine adsorption of pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy could reach 1.28 mg/g and 1.00 mg/g made by fly ash from honeycomb briquette. The minimum of effluent fluorine of pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy is 0.39 mg/L, with 94.3% defluoridation. By fly ash from honeycomb briquette, fluorine can be 4.25 mg/L at the lowest, close to the Beijing Tertiary Emission Standard. In different pH values, the results indicated that, in acidic condition, adsorption of fly ash from honeycomb briquette could be much improved, and effluent fluorine reducing remarkably was 1.44 mg/L. The effect of p H changing on defluoridation by pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy was less. Isothermal adsorption curve of fly ash from honeycomb briquette and pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy represented Second Kind Curve summarized by Tang Shouyin, which showed adsorption is made by multi-layer molecule. Based on fluorine adsorption and effluent fluorine of fly ash from honeycomb briquette and pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy, the authors estimated coefficient of B.E.T. expression in isothermal adsorption curve.
The adsorb defluoridation experiment, performed by using pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy, fly ash from honeycomb briquette and hematite, demonstrated that pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy easily produced excellent effect, fly ash from honeycomb briquette took second place and hematite performed worse. The maximum fluorine adsorption of pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy could reach 1.28 mg/g and 1.00 mg/g made by fly ash from honeycomb briquette. The minimum of effluent fluorine of pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy is 0.39 mg/L, with 94.3% defluoridation. By fly ash from honeycomb briquette, fluorine can be 4.25 mg/L at the lowest, close to the Beijing Tertiary Emission Standard. In different pH values, the results indicated that, in acidic condition, adsorption of fly ash from honeycomb briquette could be much improved, and effluent fluorine reducing remarkably was 1.44 mg/L. The effect of p H changing on defluoridation by pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy was less. Isothermal adsorption curve of fly ash from honeycomb briquette and pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy represented Second Kind Curve summarized by Tang Shouyin, which showed adsorption is made by multi-layer molecule. Based on fluorine adsorption and effluent fluorine of fly ash from honeycomb briquette and pig ash of phosphorite with hydroxy, the authors estimated coefficient of B.E.T. expression in isothermal adsorption curve.
引文
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[25]吕金波,郑桂森,李安宁,等.北京百年地质调查的传承与发展--《北京市区域地质志》修编[J].地质通报,2016,35(11):1906-1917.
[26]郑桂森,卫万顺,刘宗明,等.城市地质学理论研究[J].城市地质,2018,13(2):1-12.
(1)北京市国土资源局. 2017年度北京市矿产资源年报.北京市规划和国土资源管理委员会, 2018.
(2)北京市地热管理处.北京地区地热水质应用标准及管理办法研究, 1995.
[2]宾德智.全国地热资源概况[C]//21世纪中国地热可持续发展论文集,2000:1-5.
[3]国家环境保护总局科技标准司.城市污水处理及污染防治技术指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[4]黄尚瑶,胡素敏.火山·温泉·地热能[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:44-64.
[5]兰文艺,邵刚.实用环境工程手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[6]李鹏程,宋金明.海洋化工与海水利用技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.
[7]齐宝翔.天津地区的地下热水[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:81-84.
[8]上海市环境保护局.废水物化处理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[9]邵林.水处理用离子交换树脂[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[10]李亚峰,佟玉衡,陈立杰.实用废水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[11]王大纯.我国开发利用地热能中的若干问题[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:25-28.
[12]王湛.膜分离技术基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[13]汪集旸.国内外地热资源开发利用发展趋势及我国地热可持续发展的前景[C]//21世纪中国地热可持续发展论文集.2000:16-25.
[14]吴方之,蒋勋烈.羊八井地热试验电站[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1985:16-26.
[15]严瑞宣.水处理应用剂手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:495.
[16]张铨昌,杨华蕊,韩成.天然沸石离子交换性能及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[17]Minear R A,Patterson J W.Carbonate Precipitation Treatment for Cadmium[C]//the 8th WWEMA Industrial Polution Conference,Houston.TX.1980.
[18]吕金波,刘振锋,李良景,等.北京市幅(J50C001002)1∶25万区域地质调查[J].中国科技成果,2012,19:40-42.
[19]吕金波,吉勇,王泽龙,等.北京开凿出最热的地热井[J].中国区域地质,2001,20(2):221-223.
[20]炭素材料学会编[日].高尚愚,陈维,译.活性炭基础与应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1984.
[21]汪大翬,徐新华,宋爽.工业废水中专项污染物处理手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[22]黄继国,张永祥,曹玉清,等.含氟废水的粉煤灰处理实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,l28(4):43-44.
[23]王建龙,文湘华.现代环境生物技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[24]唐受印,汪大翬,等.废水处理工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:1-115.
[25]吕金波,郑桂森,李安宁,等.北京百年地质调查的传承与发展--《北京市区域地质志》修编[J].地质通报,2016,35(11):1906-1917.
[26]郑桂森,卫万顺,刘宗明,等.城市地质学理论研究[J].城市地质,2018,13(2):1-12.
(1)北京市国土资源局. 2017年度北京市矿产资源年报.北京市规划和国土资源管理委员会, 2018.
(2)北京市地热管理处.北京地区地热水质应用标准及管理办法研究, 1995.