水下无线传感网深度调整的混合型路由协议
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摘要
现有地理路由的水下无线传感器网络数据传输协议经常会出现通信空闲区域,从而导致报文投递率较低、能耗较高。提出一种深度调整的混合型路由协议(GEDAR),该协议采用地理路由和机会路由进行协作来提升网络数据报文投递率。首先对水下报文投递概率进行估计,然后采用贪婪机会型转发策略来确定用于报文传输的下跳转发节点集合,最后通过深度的拓扑控制来将空闲节点移到新的深度,从而实现通信空闲区域上的通信修复。仿真结果表明,GEDAR协议在报文投递率及每个报文的延时和能耗方面,优于其他基准路由协议。
In underwater wireless sensor networks,the existing data transmission protocols are based on geographic routing and often occur the communication-void regions.and result in the low packet delivery rate and the high energy consumption.In order to solve this problem,a hybrid routing protocol based on the depth adjustment( GEDAR) is proposed.The protocol uses the geographic routing,and the opportunistic routing is used to improve the packet delivery ratio.The protocol first estimates the underwater packet delivery probability,and then uses the greedy opportunistic forwarding to determine the next hop node set for transmitting packets,finally,through depth of topology control the idle nodes are moved to new depth,in order to achieve communication repair at the communication-void regions.Simulation results show that GEDAR outperforms the baseline routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency and energy per message.
In underwater wireless sensor networks,the existing data transmission protocols are based on geographic routing and often occur the communication-void regions.and result in the low packet delivery rate and the high energy consumption.In order to solve this problem,a hybrid routing protocol based on the depth adjustment( GEDAR) is proposed.The protocol uses the geographic routing,and the opportunistic routing is used to improve the packet delivery ratio.The protocol first estimates the underwater packet delivery probability,and then uses the greedy opportunistic forwarding to determine the next hop node set for transmitting packets,finally,through depth of topology control the idle nodes are moved to new depth,in order to achieve communication repair at the communication-void regions.Simulation results show that GEDAR outperforms the baseline routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency and energy per message.
引文
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[2]郭瑛,张震.大规模水下传感器网络时间同步研究[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(6):1498-1503.
[3]王力立,黄成,徐志良,等.事件驱动的水下传感器网络部署研究[J].传感器与微系统,2013,32(9):50-52.
[4]蒋鹏,阮斌锋.基于分簇的水下传感器网络覆盖保持路由算法[J].电子学报,2013,41(10):2067-2073.
[5]兰胜林,杜秀娟,柳凡,等.基于层级的水下传感器网络自适应地理路由协议[J].计算机应用研究,2014,31(1):236-238.
[6]彭舰,洪昌建,刘唐,等.基于分层的水下传感器网络路由策略[J].通信学报,2014,35(6):25-31.
[7]Yan H,Shi Z J,Cui J H.DBR:depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International IFIP-TC6Networking Conference on Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks,Wireless Networks,Next Generation Internet,Singapore:ACM Press,2008:72-86.
[8]Peng Xie,Zhong Zhou,Zheng Peng,et al.Void Avoidance in Three-Dimensional Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2009,23(11):305-314.
[9]Lee U,Wang,P,Noh,Y,et al.Pressure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications(INFOCOM),Shanghai,China:IEEE Press,2010:1-9.
[10]Y.Noh,U.Lee,P.Wang,B.S.C.Choi,and M.Gerla.Vapr:Void-aware pressure routing for underwater sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2013,12(5):895-908.
[11]Coutinho R W L,Vieira L F M,Loureiro A A F.DCR:DepthControlled Routing protocol for underwater sensor networks[C]//2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications(ISCC),IEEE Press,2013:453-458.
[12]Chen Y S,Lin Y W,Lee S L.A mobicast routing protocol in underwater sensor networks[C]//2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(WCNC),Cancun,Mexico,IEEE Press,2011:510-515.
[13]Detweiler C,Doniec M,Vasilescu I,et al.Short Paper:Autonomous Depth Adjustment for Underwater Sensor Networks[J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2010,17(1):16-24.
[14]Han G,Jiang J,Shu L,et al.Localization Algorithms of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks:A Survey[J].Sensors,2012,12(2):2026-2061.
[15]Vieira L F M.Performance and trade-offs of opportunistic routing in underwater networks[C]//2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(WCNC),Paris,France,IEEE Press,2012:2911-2915.
[16]Lee S,Bhattacharjee B,Banerjee S.Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks[C]\The ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing,Philadelphia,PA,USA:IEEE Press,2005:230-241.
[17]Caruso A,Paparella F,Vieira L F M,et al.The Meandering Current Mobility Model and its Impact on Underwater Mobile Sensor Networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications(INFOCOM),Phoenix,AZ,USA:IEEE Press,2008:134-142.