UWSNs中基于深度调整的混合型路由协议
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摘要
现有基于地理路由的水下无线传感器网络数据传输协议经常出现通信空闲区域,导致报文投递率较低、能耗较高等不足,为解决这一问题,提出一种基于深度调整的混合型路由协议(GEDAR),采用地理路由和机会路由进行协作来提升网络数据报文投递率。对水下报文投递概率进行估计,采用贪婪机会型转发策略确定用于报文传输的下跳转发节点集合,通过基于深度的拓扑控制将空闲节点移到新的深度,实现通信空闲区域上的通信修复。仿真结果表明,GEDAR协议在报文投递率及每个报文的延时和能耗方面,均优于其它基准路由协议。
The existing data transmission protocols based on geographic routing in underwater wireless sensor networks often raise communication-void regions,resulting in low packet delivery rate and high energy consumption.To solve this problem,a hybrid routing protocol based on the depth adjustment(GEDAR)was proposed,which used the geographic routing and the opportunistic routing to improve the packet delivery ratio.The underwater packet delivery probability was estimated,and the greedy opportunistic forwarding was used to determine the next hop node set for transmitting packets.Through the topology control based on the depth,the idle nodes were moved to new depth,achieving communication repair in the communication-void regions.Simulation results show that GEDAR outperforms the baseline routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency and energy per message.
The existing data transmission protocols based on geographic routing in underwater wireless sensor networks often raise communication-void regions,resulting in low packet delivery rate and high energy consumption.To solve this problem,a hybrid routing protocol based on the depth adjustment(GEDAR)was proposed,which used the geographic routing and the opportunistic routing to improve the packet delivery ratio.The underwater packet delivery probability was estimated,and the greedy opportunistic forwarding was used to determine the next hop node set for transmitting packets.Through the topology control based on the depth,the idle nodes were moved to new depth,achieving communication repair in the communication-void regions.Simulation results show that GEDAR outperforms the baseline routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency and energy per message.
引文
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[3]WANG Lili,HUANG Cheng,XU Zhiliang,et al.Research on event-driven underwater sensor networks deployment[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2013,32(9):50-52(in Chinese).[王力立,黄成,徐志良,等.事件驱动的水下传感器网络部署研究[J].传感器与微系统,2013,32(9):50-52.]
[4]JIANG Peng,RUAN Binfeng.Cluster-based coverage-preserving routing algorithm for underwater sensor networks[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2013,41(10):2067-2073(in Chinese).[蒋鹏,阮斌锋.基于分簇的水下传感器网络覆盖保持路由算法[J].电子学报,2013,41(10):2067-2073.]
[5]LAN Shenglin,DU Xiujuan,LIU Fan,et al.Level-based adaptive geo-routing for underwater sensor network[J].Application Research of Computers,2014,31(1):236-238(in Chinese).[兰胜林,杜秀娟,柳凡,等.基于层级的水下传感器网络自适应地理路由协议[J].计算机应用研究,2014,31(1):236-238.]
[6]PENG Jian,HONG Changjian,LIU Tang,et al.Strategy of routing based on layered for underwater wireless sensor networks[J].Journal on Communications,2014,35(6):25-31(in Chinese).[彭舰,洪昌建,刘唐,等.基于分层的水下传感器网络路由策略[J].通信学报,2014,35(6):25-31.]
[7]Yan H,Shi ZJ,Cui JH.DBR:Depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International IFIP-TC6Networking Conference on Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks,Wireless Networks,next Generation Internet,2008:72-86.
[8]Peng Xie,Zhong Zhou,Zheng Peng,et al.Void avoidance in three-dimensional mobile underwater sensor networks[G].LNCS 5682:Wireless Algorithms,Systems&Applications,2009:305-314.
[9]Lee U,Wang P,Noh Y,et al.Pressure routing for underwater sensor networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications,2010:1-9.
[10]Noh Y,Lee U,Wang P,et al.Vapr:Void-aware pressure routing for underwater sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2013,12(5):895-908.
[11]Coutinho RWL,Vieira LFM,Loureiro AAF.DCR:Depthcontrolled routing protocol for underwater sensor networks[C]//IEEE Symposium on Symposium on Computers and Communications,2013:453-458.
[12]Chen YS,Lin YW,Lee SL.A mobicast routing protocol in underwater sensor networks[C]//IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2011:510-515.
[13]Detweiler C,Doniec M,Vasilescu I,et al.Short paper:Autonomous depth adjustment for underwater sensor networks[J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2010,17(1):16-24.
[14]Han G,Jiang J,Shu L,et al.Localization algorithms of underwater wireless sensor networks:A survey[J].Sensors,2012,12(2):2026-2061.
[15]Vieira LFM.Performance and trade-offs of opportunistic routing in underwater networks[C]//IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2012:2911-2915.
[16]Lee S,Bhattacharjee B,Banerjee S.Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks[C]//ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing,2005:230-241.
[17]Caruso A,Paparella F,Vieira LFM,et al.The meandering current mobility model and its impact on underwater mobile sensor networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications,2008:134-142.