潼关金矿区农田土壤重金属污染的微观空间分布特征
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摘要
为了表征土壤中重金属元素的微观空间分布特征,观察污染区土壤重金属元素与矿物之间的微观空间依附关系,本文采集了潼关县采矿区、选冶区附近等4个点位的土壤样品,采用ICPMS测定了Pb、Cd、Hg的含量,利用扫描电镜对每个土壤样品的微观结构和重金属的空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明:采矿区Pb、Cd和Hg的污染超标倍数分别为0.97、7.64、0.20,选冶区及周围农田土壤中Hg污染最严重,污染超标倍数高达52.20;四个样品中Hg主要依附在粘土矿物周围、石英颗粒边缘或表面或孔隙中;1~#、2~#、3~#样品中Pb主要分布在石英、钙长石表面和孔隙周围;1~#样品中Cd和Pb的分布相似,但在碳酸盐矿物表面分布有一定量的Cd;2~#和3~#样品中Cd主要在依附粘土矿物周围及孔隙中。Hg、Pb、Cd在土壤中与矿物的依附关系为:Pb、Cd主要被粘土矿物吸附,部分以碳酸盐结合;Hg为石英和硅酸盐矿物吸附态。
In order to represent the microscopic spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal in soil,the relationship of microscopic spatial heavy metal elements and minerals in contaminated soil were observed.In this paper,soil samples at four sites,such as Tongguan mining area and the vicinity of smelting area are collected.The contents of Pb,Cd and Hg are determined by ICPMS,and then the microstructure and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals of each soil sample are analyzed by SEM.The result shows:The pollution excess multiple of Pb,Cd and Hg in the mining area is 0.97,7.64 and 0.20 respectively.The Hg pollution in the soil of the projecting area and surrounding farmland is the most serious,and the pollution exceeds 52.20 of the standard multiple.The distribution of Hg is mainly attached to the clay minerals,edge or surface of the quartz particles,or the pores.The distribution of Pb in 1~#,2~#,3~#samples ismainly on the surface of quartzs,anorthite and around the pores.The distribution of Cd and Pb in 1~#sample is similar,but there is a certain amount of Cd on the surface of carbonate minerals.Cd in 2~#and 3~# samples is mainly attached to the surrounding clay minerals and pores.The dependence of Hg,Pb and Cd on minerals in soil may be:Pb and Cd are mainly adsorbed by clay minerals,partially by carbonate;Hg is adsorption state of quartzs and silicate minerals.
In order to represent the microscopic spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal in soil,the relationship of microscopic spatial heavy metal elements and minerals in contaminated soil were observed.In this paper,soil samples at four sites,such as Tongguan mining area and the vicinity of smelting area are collected.The contents of Pb,Cd and Hg are determined by ICPMS,and then the microstructure and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals of each soil sample are analyzed by SEM.The result shows:The pollution excess multiple of Pb,Cd and Hg in the mining area is 0.97,7.64 and 0.20 respectively.The Hg pollution in the soil of the projecting area and surrounding farmland is the most serious,and the pollution exceeds 52.20 of the standard multiple.The distribution of Hg is mainly attached to the clay minerals,edge or surface of the quartz particles,or the pores.The distribution of Pb in 1~#,2~#,3~#samples ismainly on the surface of quartzs,anorthite and around the pores.The distribution of Cd and Pb in 1~#sample is similar,but there is a certain amount of Cd on the surface of carbonate minerals.Cd in 2~#and 3~# samples is mainly attached to the surrounding clay minerals and pores.The dependence of Hg,Pb and Cd on minerals in soil may be:Pb and Cd are mainly adsorbed by clay minerals,partially by carbonate;Hg is adsorption state of quartzs and silicate minerals.
引文
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[4]孙健,铁柏清,钱湛,等.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染对杂交水稻苗的联合生理毒性及临界值[J].土壤学报,2006,37(5):981-985.
[5]冯静,张增强,李念,等.铅锌厂重金属污染土壤的螯合剂淋洗修复及其应用[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(11):5617-5625.
[6]蔡苗,韩霁昌,魏样,等.陕西潼关矿区土壤污染治理技术探讨[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2016(03):77-84.
[7]王姣.陕西潼关重金属污染土壤的修复及应用潜力研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[8]徐友宁,柯海玲,赵阿宁,等.小秦岭某金矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].土壤学报,2007,4:732-736.
[9]杨硕.黄土状土跨尺度空间微观建模的建立与初步应用[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[10]孙乐.洛川黄土微观结构与矿物组分分析研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[11]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[12]杨忠芳,朱立等.现代环境地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.
[13]王云,魏复盛等.土壤环境元素化学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.