金沟岭云冷杉针阔混交林林分结构研究
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摘要
以吉林汪清金沟岭林场1 hm2云冷杉针阔混交林数据为研究基础,对样地内树种组成、直径结构以及树种的空间分布结构进行分析。结果表明:1)优势物种云杉Abies nephrole-pis、冷杉Picea koraiensis、枫桦Betula costata大径阶的单木占多数,云冷杉的峰度值小于0,直径分布较为分散,枫桦峰度值大于0,直径分布比较集中。在物种的胸径分布格局解释上,负指数模型的解释程度要优于Weibull模型。2)该群落树种的平均角尺度为0.545,空间分布格局呈聚集分布,3种优势树种的平均角尺度为0.475～0.517,呈现随机分布特征。3)云杉、枫桦的平均混交度较高,而冷杉的平均混交度相对较低。4)样地所有物种的平均大小比数为0.496,3种主要树种的平均大小比数排序为云杉<冷杉<枫桦,表明云杉竞争力最大,冷杉次之,而枫桦的竞争力最小。该林分结构较为复杂,群落内树种以聚集分布为主,所以应调整林分林木分布格局,促进林木向随机分布格局发展,同时伐除上层的"霸王树"以及病腐木、弯曲树等处于竞争劣势的林木,将混交度维持在中度混交,从而尽可能保留维持群落的物种多样性。
In order to provide a theoretical basis for rational forest management, based on the data of 1 hectare spruce-fir mixed forest in Jingouling Forest Farm in Wangqing, Jilin province, the composition of tree species, diameter structure and spatial distribution structure of tree species in the plot were investigated. The model structure of species diameter was analyzed by using model fitting. The spatial structure parameters analysis was done by selecting 3 indicators: angular dimension, mixed degree, and size ratio. The findings were as follows. 1) The dominant species, Abies nephrole-pis, Picea koraiensis and Betula costata, were dominated by single trees with high diameter; A. nephrole-pis and P. koraiensis had a kurtosis value of less than 0 and the diameter distribution was more dispersed; the kurtosis value of B. costata was greater than 0 and the diameter distribution was more concentrated; On the interpretation of DBH distribution pattern of the species, the negative exponential model was better than the Weibull model. 2) The average angular dimension of the tree species in the community was 0.545, the spatial distribution pattern was clustered, and the average angular dimension of the three dominant tree species was in within the scope of 0.475-0.517, showing a random distribution characteristic. 3) The average mixed degrees of A. nephrole-pis and B. costata were higher, while the average mixed degree of P. koraiensis was relatively lower. 4) The average size ratio of all species in the plots was 0.496, the average size ratio values of the three main tree species ranked from small to large as B. costata, P. koraiensis and A. nephrole-pis, which indicated that A. nephrole-pis had the highest competitiveness, followed by P. koraiensis, and B. costata had the least competitive. It comes to a conclusion that the structure of the stand was rather complicated, the tree species distribution in the community was an aggregation distribution, therefore, the distribution pattern of stand should be adjusted so as to promote the development of trees to random distribution pattern; At the same time, the superior "overlord trees" and the diseased rotten trees and curved trees which were in a competitive disadvantage should be cut down to maintain the mixing degree in a moderate mixing, so as to preserve the species diversity of the community as far as possible.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for rational forest management, based on the data of 1 hectare spruce-fir mixed forest in Jingouling Forest Farm in Wangqing, Jilin province, the composition of tree species, diameter structure and spatial distribution structure of tree species in the plot were investigated. The model structure of species diameter was analyzed by using model fitting. The spatial structure parameters analysis was done by selecting 3 indicators: angular dimension, mixed degree, and size ratio. The findings were as follows. 1) The dominant species, Abies nephrole-pis, Picea koraiensis and Betula costata, were dominated by single trees with high diameter; A. nephrole-pis and P. koraiensis had a kurtosis value of less than 0 and the diameter distribution was more dispersed; the kurtosis value of B. costata was greater than 0 and the diameter distribution was more concentrated; On the interpretation of DBH distribution pattern of the species, the negative exponential model was better than the Weibull model. 2) The average angular dimension of the tree species in the community was 0.545, the spatial distribution pattern was clustered, and the average angular dimension of the three dominant tree species was in within the scope of 0.475-0.517, showing a random distribution characteristic. 3) The average mixed degrees of A. nephrole-pis and B. costata were higher, while the average mixed degree of P. koraiensis was relatively lower. 4) The average size ratio of all species in the plots was 0.496, the average size ratio values of the three main tree species ranked from small to large as B. costata, P. koraiensis and A. nephrole-pis, which indicated that A. nephrole-pis had the highest competitiveness, followed by P. koraiensis, and B. costata had the least competitive. It comes to a conclusion that the structure of the stand was rather complicated, the tree species distribution in the community was an aggregation distribution, therefore, the distribution pattern of stand should be adjusted so as to promote the development of trees to random distribution pattern; At the same time, the superior "overlord trees" and the diseased rotten trees and curved trees which were in a competitive disadvantage should be cut down to maintain the mixing degree in a moderate mixing, so as to preserve the species diversity of the community as far as possible.
引文
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[14]张鹏,王新杰,王勇,等.北京山区3种典型人工林群落结构及稳定性[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(1):1-5.
[15]张鹏.不同间伐强度杉木人工林林分结构及生长分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[16]孟宪宇.使用Weibull函数对树高分布和直径分布的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(1):40-48.
[17]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):85-93.
[18]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[19]张梦弢,亢新刚,郭韦韦,等.长白山云冷杉混交林直径结构分布研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(9):65-72.
[20]张莉,张小平,陆畅,等.安徽琅琊山青檀种群空间格局[J].林业科学,2012,48(2):9-15.
[21]杨华,李艳丽,沈林,等.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4698-4706.
[22]YANG G T,ERICH H,SUN B,et al.Picea-Abies forests of the northeast China[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1994,14(3):313-328.
[2]孔令红,郑小贤.金沟岭林场云冷杉林空间分布格局及更新研究[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(1):1-3.
[3]惠刚盈.角尺度--一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[4]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[5]惠刚盈,VON GADOW KLAUS,ALBERT MATTHIAS.一个新的林分空间结构参数--大小比数[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(1):1-6.
[6]周宁,郑小贤,赵洪生,等.金沟岭林场针阔混交林直径结构动态分析[J].林业资源管理,2010(5):61-64.
[7]王艳洁,郑小贤.金沟岭林场云冷杉过伐林林分直径结构的研究[J].林业资源管理,2008(6):71-74.
[8]DENSLOW J S.Variation in Stand Structure,Light and Seedling Abundance across a Tropical Moist Forest Chronosequence,Panama[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2010,11(2):201-212.
[9]罗梅,郑小贤.金沟岭林场落叶松人工林天然更新动态研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(9):7-11.
[10]NICOTRA A B,CHAZDON R L.Spatial Heterogeneity of Light and Woody Seedling Regeneration in Tropical Wet Forests[J].Ecology,1999,80(6):1908-1926.
[11]曹小玉,李际平.林分空间结构指标研究进展[J].林业资源管理,2016(4):65-73.
[12]闫东锋,牛梦鹤,吴桂藏,等.豫西山区典型林分近自然状态特征分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):7-14.
[13]汤孟平.森林空间结构分析与优化经营模型研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2003.
[14]张鹏,王新杰,王勇,等.北京山区3种典型人工林群落结构及稳定性[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(1):1-5.
[15]张鹏.不同间伐强度杉木人工林林分结构及生长分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[16]孟宪宇.使用Weibull函数对树高分布和直径分布的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(1):40-48.
[17]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):85-93.
[18]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[19]张梦弢,亢新刚,郭韦韦,等.长白山云冷杉混交林直径结构分布研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(9):65-72.
[20]张莉,张小平,陆畅,等.安徽琅琊山青檀种群空间格局[J].林业科学,2012,48(2):9-15.
[21]杨华,李艳丽,沈林,等.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4698-4706.
[22]YANG G T,ERICH H,SUN B,et al.Picea-Abies forests of the northeast China[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1994,14(3):313-328.