基于SWMM模型的LID设施的雨洪控制效果分析
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摘要
为了研究城市区域的雨洪径流特征以及加装不同低影响开发措施(LID)对径流削减的规律,以西安市城区重点雨捞区为研究对象,基于SWMM模型模拟现状条件下不同设计雨峰系数、不同设计降雨重现期降雨径流的变化及设计4种不同情景下加装透水路面和绿色屋顶措施的降雨径流削减规律。结果表明:当加设15%透水路面和75%绿色屋顶时,洪峰洪量削减效果最为明显。并且在设计降雨重现期P=1年时,较现状条件下洪量削减36%;设计降雨重现期P=10年时,洪量衰减率减至24.3%。所以LID措施能有效降低城市内涝发生的频率,但随着设计降雨重现期的增大,加装LID措施效果明显减小。
In order to exploit the characteristics of rain flood runoff and the pattern of the influence on runoff depending on various low impact development( LID) methods,this paper analyzes the high rainfall precipitation urban areas of Xi ' an. There are four types of LID combinations below based on the rainfall peak under the SWMM simulation conditions and the changes of runoff. Experimental results have proved that the elimination of rainfall works significantly better on 15% permeable surface and 75% green roofs. In addition,when the rainfall return period P = 1,the flood volume drops by 36%,and when the return period P = 10,the flood volume decreases to 24.3%. As much,LID plays an important role in decreasing the frequency of urban water logging. However,with the increase in design return period,the impact of LID is significantly reduced.
In order to exploit the characteristics of rain flood runoff and the pattern of the influence on runoff depending on various low impact development( LID) methods,this paper analyzes the high rainfall precipitation urban areas of Xi ' an. There are four types of LID combinations below based on the rainfall peak under the SWMM simulation conditions and the changes of runoff. Experimental results have proved that the elimination of rainfall works significantly better on 15% permeable surface and 75% green roofs. In addition,when the rainfall return period P = 1,the flood volume drops by 36%,and when the return period P = 10,the flood volume decreases to 24.3%. As much,LID plays an important role in decreasing the frequency of urban water logging. However,with the increase in design return period,the impact of LID is significantly reduced.
引文
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[15]翟丹丹,宫永伟,张雪,等.简单式绿色屋顶雨水径流滞留效果的影响因素[J].中国给水排水报,2015,31(11):106-110.
[2]唐金忠.城市内涝治理方略[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2016.
[3]JANG S,CHO M,YOONJ,et al.Using SWMM as a tool for hydrologic impact assess men[J].Desalination,2007,212(1-3):344-356.
[4]MIGNOT E,PAQUIER A,HAIDER S,et al.Modeling floods in a dense urban area using 2D shallow water equations[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327(1-2):186-199.
[5]DIETZ M E.Low impact development practices:a review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2007,186(1-4):351-363.
[6]熊丽君,黄飞,徐祖信,等.基于SWMM模型的城市排水区域降雨及地表产流特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3 659-3 666.
[7]计宝鑫.基于SWMM模型的西安市城市区汇水区域划分与径流特征规律研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2016.
[8]Nguyen V T V,Javaheri H,Liong S Y,et al.On automatic calibration of the SWMM model[J].Appl Model Urban Water Syst,2000,8:163-174.
[9]李春林,胡远满,刘淼,等.SWMM模型参数局部灵敏度分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1 076-1 081.
[10]LEE SB,YOON CG,JUNG KW,et al.Comparative evaluation of runoff and water quality using HSPF and SWMM[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,62:1 401-1 409.
[11]侯精明,郭凯华,王志力,等.设计暴雨雨型对城市内涝影响数值模拟[J].水科学进展,2017,28(6):821-827.
[12]US EPA.Low Impact Development(LID):A Literature Review.U-nited States Environmental Protection Agency[R].EPA-841-B-00-005,Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2000.
[13]Villarreal EL,Bengtsson L.Response of a sedum green roof to individual rain events[J].Ecological Engineering,2005,25:1-7.
[14]王书敏,李兴扬,张峻华,等.城市区域绿色屋顶普及对水量水质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):2 026-2 032.
[15]翟丹丹,宫永伟,张雪,等.简单式绿色屋顶雨水径流滞留效果的影响因素[J].中国给水排水报,2015,31(11):106-110.