单相片坐标测量系统的光笔标定技术
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摘要
针对光笔式单相片坐标测量系统中光笔现场标定问题,提出了一种简易的现场标定法,即只需要两根基准尺和一个标定球即可确定光笔上各标志点及测头在光笔设计坐标系下的坐标。首先,根据空间前方交会原理标定出光笔上各标志点的实际坐标,并构建光笔设计坐标系;其次,依据光笔随标定球转动时光笔测头位置不变,建立光笔测头标定的数学模型;最后根据最小二乘原理求解光笔测头坐标。试验证明,利用此方法进行光笔标定,在3m范围内,光笔测头坐标在X、Y、Z(摄影光轴方向)轴的均方差(RMS)分别为0.028、0.042、0.136 mm。
In order to calibrate light pen for single-photo measurement system,a complete on-site light pen calibration method is proposed. The target point coordinate and the probe tip center coordinate are calibrated based on two calibration bars and one calibration sphere.Firstly,the true coordinates of target points on the light pen are implemented using two calibration bars,and the designed coordinate system of light pen is established using this coordinates; secondly,the location of the probe tip is not changed with the calibration sphere rotation,mathematical model of light pen probe calibration is built,according to the least square principle the coordinate of probe tip is acquired.Experiment proves that in a range of 3m,using this algorithm the mean square deviation of the probe tip center coordinate can reach 0.028 mm,0.042 mm,0.136 mm in x,y,z (optical axis of camera) axis respectively.
In order to calibrate light pen for single-photo measurement system,a complete on-site light pen calibration method is proposed. The target point coordinate and the probe tip center coordinate are calibrated based on two calibration bars and one calibration sphere.Firstly,the true coordinates of target points on the light pen are implemented using two calibration bars,and the designed coordinate system of light pen is established using this coordinates; secondly,the location of the probe tip is not changed with the calibration sphere rotation,mathematical model of light pen probe calibration is built,according to the least square principle the coordinate of probe tip is acquired.Experiment proves that in a range of 3m,using this algorithm the mean square deviation of the probe tip center coordinate can reach 0.028 mm,0.042 mm,0.136 mm in x,y,z (optical axis of camera) axis respectively.
引文
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[2]解则晓,孙洪磊,王晓敏.光笔式双摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统[J].光学技术,2012,38(4):459-464.
[3]黄风山.光笔式单摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统关键技术的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[4]LIU S,ZHANG H,YE D.Portable Light Pen 3D Vision Coordinate Measuring System-probe Tip Center Calibration[J].Measurement Science Review,2013,13(4):194-199.
[5]董英华.光笔式单目视觉坐标测量系统精度改进技术的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[6]富帅,张丽艳,叶南,等.面向大型工件现场测量的光笔式视觉测量系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(2):430-437.
[7]黄桂平.单目视觉测量技术研究[J].计量学报,2004,25(4):314-317.
[8]郭永康.光学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:208-210.
[9]冯其强.数字工业摄影测量技术研究与实践[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2010.
[10]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007.
[11]冯其强,李宗春,陈新,等.基于核面约束的近景摄影测量影像人工标志点匹配方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(8):979-982.
[12]陆洋.细分法求解点投影问题时的剪枝算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2014,26(4):617-622.
[13]OH Y T,KIM Y J,LEE J.Efficient Point Projection to Freeform Curves and Surfaces[J].Computer Aided Geometric Design,2012,29(3):242-254.
[14]冯其强,李广云,黄桂平.数字工业摄影测量中的单像空间后方交会[J].测绘通报,2008(6):4-6.
[15]姚吉利,韩保民,杨元喜.罗德里格矩阵在三维坐标转换严密解算中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2006,31(12):1094-1096.