环境规制对中国新型城镇化水平的空间溢出效应研究
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摘要
本文从6个维度构建新型城镇化综合评价体系,使用2003-2016年全国285个地级及以上城市的空间面板数据,基于空间回归偏微分方法的空间杜宾模型,分析了环境规制对新型城镇化水平的影响及其空间溢出效应。研究表明:第一,过程型及效果型环境规制不仅可以显著提高本地区的新型城镇化水平,还可以通过溢出效应提高周围城市的新型城镇化水平;第二,不同区域间存在空间异质性,且过程型环境规制的空间异质性特征更为明显;第三,土地财政和金融发展对本地区和周围地区的新型城镇化水平均有促进作用,人力资本对本地区新型城镇化水平有促进作用,对周围地区起到抑制作用,产业结构对新型城镇化水平的影响具有不确定性。本文的启示在于,环境规制能有效提高新型城镇化发展水平,因此可将环境规制作为新型城镇化发展的新动力;政府应当提高环境规制强度,邻近地区将协同治理和因地制宜相结合,从过程和效果两方面合力促进环境质量的改善,藉此助推新型城镇化建设的稳步提升。
In this research,a comprehensive evaluation system of new urbanization is constructed from six dimensions,and the spatial panel data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016 were adopted.Based on Spatial Durbin Model of spatial regression partial differential method, the paper empirically studies the influence of environmental regulation on the level of new urbanization and its spatial spillover effect.The results indicate that:firstly,process-oriented and result-oriented environmental regulations can not only significantly raise the level of local new urbanization,but also the new urbanization level of surrounding cities through spatial spillover effect;secondly,spatial heterogeneity exists in different regions,and the spatial heterogeneity of process-oriented environmental regulations is more obvious;thirdly,both land finance and financial development can promote the level of new urbanization in the local region and surrounding areas.Human capital can promote the level of local new urbanization,but inhibit that of surrounding areas.The impact of industrial structure on the level of new urbanization is uncertain.It can be learnt from this research that environmental regulations are conductive to effectively raising the level of new urbanization,which can serve as a new driving force of new urbanization development.Therefore,the government should focus more on environmental regulations,synergistically manage neighboring areas,adjust measures to local conditions and promote the improvement of environmental quality from both process and results,thus steadily boosting the construction of new urbanization.
In this research,a comprehensive evaluation system of new urbanization is constructed from six dimensions,and the spatial panel data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016 were adopted.Based on Spatial Durbin Model of spatial regression partial differential method, the paper empirically studies the influence of environmental regulation on the level of new urbanization and its spatial spillover effect.The results indicate that:firstly,process-oriented and result-oriented environmental regulations can not only significantly raise the level of local new urbanization,but also the new urbanization level of surrounding cities through spatial spillover effect;secondly,spatial heterogeneity exists in different regions,and the spatial heterogeneity of process-oriented environmental regulations is more obvious;thirdly,both land finance and financial development can promote the level of new urbanization in the local region and surrounding areas.Human capital can promote the level of local new urbanization,but inhibit that of surrounding areas.The impact of industrial structure on the level of new urbanization is uncertain.It can be learnt from this research that environmental regulations are conductive to effectively raising the level of new urbanization,which can serve as a new driving force of new urbanization development.Therefore,the government should focus more on environmental regulations,synergistically manage neighboring areas,adjust measures to local conditions and promote the improvement of environmental quality from both process and results,thus steadily boosting the construction of new urbanization.
引文
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11.韩峰,谢锐.生产型服务业集聚降低碳排放了吗?---对我国地级及以上城市面板数据的空间计量分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017(3):40-58.
12.罗能生,李建明.产业集聚及交通联系加剧了雾霾空间溢出效应吗?---基于产业空间布局视角的分析[J].产业经济研究,2018(4):52-64.
13.崔立志,常继发.环境规制对就业影响的门槛效应[J].软科学,2018(8):20-48.
14.沈清基.论基于生态文明的新型城镇化[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):29-36.
15.陆铭,高虹,佐藤宏.城市规模与包容性就业[J].中国社会科学,2012(10):47-66.
16.肖祎平,杨艳琳,宋彦.中国城市化质量综合评价及其时空特征[J].中国·人口资源与环境,2018(9):112-122.
17.王新越,山东省新型城镇化的测度与空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2014(9):1069-1076.
18.张文彬,张理芃,张可云.中国环境规制强度省际竞争形态及其演变---基于两区制空间Durbin固定效应模型的分析[J].管理世界,2010(12):34-44.
19.陈雨露.中国新型城镇化建设中的金融支持[J].经济研究,2013(2):10-12.
20.姚士谋,张平宇,余成,李广宇,王成新.中国新型城镇化理论与实践问题[J].地理科学,2014(6):641-647.
21.Elhorst J.P.Spatial Econometrics:From Cross-sectional Data to Spatial Panels[M].Berlin:Springer,2014.
22.Lesage J.,Pace R.K.Introduction to Spatial Econometrics[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2009.
23.原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
24.张国勇.环境规制对技术创新的影响研究---基于辽宁省的实证分析[J].生态经济,2018(6):68-72.
25.张中元,赵国庆.FDI、环境规制与技术进步[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(4).
2.陈晓红,万鲁河.城市化与生态环境耦合的脆弱性与协调性作用机制研究[J].地理科学,2013(12):1450-1457.
3.王少剑,方创琳,王洋.京津冀地区城市化与生态环境交互耦合关系定量测度[J].生态学报,2015(7):2244-2254.
4.崔学刚,方创琳,张蔷.京津冀城市群环境规制强度与城镇化质量的协调性分析[J].自然资源学报,2018(4):563-575.
5.Gray,W.B.,Shadbegian,R.J.Plant Vintage,Technology and Evironmental Regulation[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003,46(3):384-402.
6.Portor,M.E.Van Der Linde,C.Toward a New Conception of the Envionment-Competiveness Relationship[J].Journal of Economics Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118.
7.李静,沈伟.环境规制对中国工业绿色生产率的影响---基于波特假说的再检验[J].山西财经大学学报,2012(2):56-65.
8.李斌,曹万林.环境规制对我国循环经济绩效的影响研究:基于生态创新的视角[J].中国软科学,2017(6):140-154.
9.马丽梅,张晓.中国雾霾污染的空间效应及经济、能源结构影响[J].中国工业经济,2014(4):19-31.
10.张可,汪东芳.经济集聚与环境污染的交互影响及空间溢出[J].中国工业经济,2014(6):70-82.
11.韩峰,谢锐.生产型服务业集聚降低碳排放了吗?---对我国地级及以上城市面板数据的空间计量分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017(3):40-58.
12.罗能生,李建明.产业集聚及交通联系加剧了雾霾空间溢出效应吗?---基于产业空间布局视角的分析[J].产业经济研究,2018(4):52-64.
13.崔立志,常继发.环境规制对就业影响的门槛效应[J].软科学,2018(8):20-48.
14.沈清基.论基于生态文明的新型城镇化[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):29-36.
15.陆铭,高虹,佐藤宏.城市规模与包容性就业[J].中国社会科学,2012(10):47-66.
16.肖祎平,杨艳琳,宋彦.中国城市化质量综合评价及其时空特征[J].中国·人口资源与环境,2018(9):112-122.
17.王新越,山东省新型城镇化的测度与空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2014(9):1069-1076.
18.张文彬,张理芃,张可云.中国环境规制强度省际竞争形态及其演变---基于两区制空间Durbin固定效应模型的分析[J].管理世界,2010(12):34-44.
19.陈雨露.中国新型城镇化建设中的金融支持[J].经济研究,2013(2):10-12.
20.姚士谋,张平宇,余成,李广宇,王成新.中国新型城镇化理论与实践问题[J].地理科学,2014(6):641-647.
21.Elhorst J.P.Spatial Econometrics:From Cross-sectional Data to Spatial Panels[M].Berlin:Springer,2014.
22.Lesage J.,Pace R.K.Introduction to Spatial Econometrics[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2009.
23.原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
24.张国勇.环境规制对技术创新的影响研究---基于辽宁省的实证分析[J].生态经济,2018(6):68-72.
25.张中元,赵国庆.FDI、环境规制与技术进步[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(4).