航天材料空间环境效应损伤机制及关联性研究
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摘要
基于航天材料在轨将遭遇多种空间环境的作用且不同空间环境对航天材料的损伤存在一定的关联性,本文首先对航天材料的空间环境及效应进行了介绍,接着对真空、温度、微重力、等离子体、粒子辐射、太阳电磁辐射、空间大气、空间碎片及微流星体、空间污染、空间动力学、腐蚀及空间生物等环境对航天材料的损伤机制及不同损伤机制之间的关联性进行了研究,最后对需要进一步研究和关注的方向进行了讨论并给出了发展建议。
Spacecraft materials will encounter different space environments in space and there are relevance between damage mechanism of different space environments on spacecraft materials. In this paper,space environments and their effects on spacecraft materials are introduced firstly,then damage mechanism and their relevance of space environments such as vacuum,temperature,microgravity,plasma,particle radiation,solar electromagnetic irradiation,space atmospheres,space debris and micrometeoroid,space contamination,spatial dynamics,erosion,space biology,etc,on spacecraft materials are studied. At last,the developing trends and problems of the spacecraft materials are commented.
Spacecraft materials will encounter different space environments in space and there are relevance between damage mechanism of different space environments on spacecraft materials. In this paper,space environments and their effects on spacecraft materials are introduced firstly,then damage mechanism and their relevance of space environments such as vacuum,temperature,microgravity,plasma,particle radiation,solar electromagnetic irradiation,space atmospheres,space debris and micrometeoroid,space contamination,spatial dynamics,erosion,space biology,etc,on spacecraft materials are studied. At last,the developing trends and problems of the spacecraft materials are commented.
引文
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[5]王旭东,易忠,沈自才,等.Zn O白漆的质子辐照损伤与光学性能退化机理[J].材料工程,2013,5:1-4.
[6]王云飞,陈学康,郑阔海,等.原子氧处理对氧化锌薄膜的结构及光学特性的影响[J].真空科学与技术学报,2009,29(z1):51-54.
[7]刘晓东,郑晓泉,张要强,等.高能电子辐照后高聚物内部空间电荷和介电性能研究[J].电工电能新技术,2007,26(1):55-59.
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[18]ROHR T,EESBEEK M.Polymer materials in the space environment[C]//Proceeding of the 8thPolymers for Advanced Technologies International Symposium,Budapest,Hungary,2005:1-3
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[20]KAWAMOTO H,HARA N.Electrostatic cleaning system for removing lunar dust adhering to space suits[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2011,24(4):442-444.
[21]向树红.航天器力学环境试验技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2010:3-5.
[22]ECSS-Q-70-36A.Space product assurance-material selection for controlling stress-corrosion cracking[S].
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[28]冯伟泉,丁义刚,闫德葵,等.空间电子、质子和紫外综合辐照模拟试验研究[J].航天器环境工程2005,22(2):69-72.
[29]TOWNSEND J A,PARK G.A.comparison of atomic oxygen degradation in low earth orbit and in a plasma etcher[C].19thSpace Simulation Conference:Cost Effective Testing for the21st Century.Baltimore,Maryland,NASA CP-3341,X-28103,Oct.29-31,1996:295-304
[30]VERKER R,GROSSMAN E,GOUZMAN I,et al.Synergistic effect of simulated hypervelocity space debris and atomic oxygen on durability of poss-polyimide nanocomposite[C].10thInternational Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment and The 8tthInternational Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment.Space Environment Group,Soreq NRC.Collioure,France.2006.
[31]STIEGMAN A E,BRINZA D E,ANDERSON M S,et al.An investigation of the degradation of Fluorinated ethylene propylene(FEP)copolymer thermal blanketing materials aboard LDEF and in the laboratory[R].NASA CR-192824,N93-25078,1993:1-18.
[32]SCHULTZ P H,CRAWFORD D A.Electromagnetic properties of impact-generated plasma,vapor and debris[C].Hypervelocity Impact Symposium,Huntsville,AL,11/16-19/1998.
[2]邱家稳,沈自才,肖林.航天器空间环境协和效应研究[J].航天器工程,2013,22(1):15-20.
[3]杜继实,吴洁华,赵丽丽,等.玻璃空间电离辐照着色研究[J].无机材料学报,2012,27(4):411-416.
[4]沈自才,郑慧奇,赵雪,等.远紫外辐射下kapton/Al薄膜材料的力学性能研究[J].航天器环境工程,2010,27(5):600-603.
[5]王旭东,易忠,沈自才,等.Zn O白漆的质子辐照损伤与光学性能退化机理[J].材料工程,2013,5:1-4.
[6]王云飞,陈学康,郑阔海,等.原子氧处理对氧化锌薄膜的结构及光学特性的影响[J].真空科学与技术学报,2009,29(z1):51-54.
[7]刘晓东,郑晓泉,张要强,等.高能电子辐照后高聚物内部空间电荷和介电性能研究[J].电工电能新技术,2007,26(1):55-59.
[8]黄本诚,童靖宇.空间环境工程学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2010:89-93.
[9]胡文瑞,等.微重力科学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:1-5.
[10]Avoiding problems caused by spacecraft on-orbit internal charging effects[R].NASA-HDBK-4002,1999-2.
[11]沈自才.空间辐射环境工程[M].北京:宇航出版社,2013:121-135.
[12]沈自才,丁义刚.抗辐射设计与辐射效应[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2015:11-54.
[13]冯展祖,杨生胜,王云飞,等.光电耦合器位移损伤效应研究[J].航天器环境工程,2009,26(2):122-125.
[14]ESA PSS-01-609(Issue 1).The radiation design handbook[S].1993-05.
[15]徐坚,杨斌,杨猛,等.空间紫外辐照对高分子材料破坏机理研究综述[J].航天器环境工程,2011,28(1):25-30.
[16]DEVER J A.Low earth orbital atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation effects on polymers[R].NASA TM-103711,1991.
[17]EVERETT M L,HOFLUND G B.Chemical alteration of poly(vinyl fluoride)Tedlar induced by exposure to vacuum ultraviolet radiation[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,252:3789-3798.
[18]ROHR T,EESBEEK M.Polymer materials in the space environment[C]//Proceeding of the 8thPolymers for Advanced Technologies International Symposium,Budapest,Hungary,2005:1-3
[19]龚自正,徐坤博,牟永强,等.空间碎片环境现状与主动移除技术[J].航天器环境工程,2014,31(2):129-135.
[20]KAWAMOTO H,HARA N.Electrostatic cleaning system for removing lunar dust adhering to space suits[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2011,24(4):442-444.
[21]向树红.航天器力学环境试验技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2010:3-5.
[22]ECSS-Q-70-36A.Space product assurance-material selection for controlling stress-corrosion cracking[S].
[23]ECSS-Q-70-71A.Space product assurance-data for selection of space materials and processes[M].
[24]孙璐,刘莹,杨耀东.航天材料应力腐蚀试验方法研究[J].真空与低温,2011,12(增2):142-147.
[25]MACATANGAY A V,BRUCE R J.Impacts of microbial growth on the air quality of the international space station[R].AIAA,2010-17239.
[26]CASTRO V A,THRASHER A N,HEALY M,et al.Microbial diversity abroad spacecraft:evaluation of the international space station[R],NASA,2011-1427.
[27]NOVIKOVA N D.Review of the knowledge of microbial contamination of the russian manned spacecraft[J].Microbial ecology,2004,47:127-132.
[28]冯伟泉,丁义刚,闫德葵,等.空间电子、质子和紫外综合辐照模拟试验研究[J].航天器环境工程2005,22(2):69-72.
[29]TOWNSEND J A,PARK G.A.comparison of atomic oxygen degradation in low earth orbit and in a plasma etcher[C].19thSpace Simulation Conference:Cost Effective Testing for the21st Century.Baltimore,Maryland,NASA CP-3341,X-28103,Oct.29-31,1996:295-304
[30]VERKER R,GROSSMAN E,GOUZMAN I,et al.Synergistic effect of simulated hypervelocity space debris and atomic oxygen on durability of poss-polyimide nanocomposite[C].10thInternational Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment and The 8tthInternational Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment.Space Environment Group,Soreq NRC.Collioure,France.2006.
[31]STIEGMAN A E,BRINZA D E,ANDERSON M S,et al.An investigation of the degradation of Fluorinated ethylene propylene(FEP)copolymer thermal blanketing materials aboard LDEF and in the laboratory[R].NASA CR-192824,N93-25078,1993:1-18.
[32]SCHULTZ P H,CRAWFORD D A.Electromagnetic properties of impact-generated plasma,vapor and debris[C].Hypervelocity Impact Symposium,Huntsville,AL,11/16-19/1998.