近十年国内外商务旅游研究回顾与展望
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摘要
全球商务旅游实践日新月异,但商务旅游本身还未被视为与个人旅游互补的重要旅游类型,还未被视为组织产出所需的重要投入。针对上述问题,首先利用CiteSpace文献可视化软件分析了国内外商务旅游研究历程,然后详细回顾了2007年以来国内外商务旅游研究进展;进而从内容与方法两个方面比较了国内外相关研究;最后总结了现有研究存在的5个不足:商务旅游认识亟待加强,综合效应探讨还须完善,需求与行为趋势研究不足,企业商务旅游管理研究较弱和优质商务旅游发展理论支撑不足;并针对上述不足,提出了相应的研究展望。
Business tourism refers to the tourism activities conducted by tourists for the purpose of business or profession, which are related to sales, operation management, educational progress, social responsibility, charity work and performance incentives. Business tourism practice is changing rapidly globally and has great development potential in China. However, it has not been regarded as an important tourism type complementary to individual tourism, nor as an important input for organizational output. To solve the above problems, this paper firstly made a visual analysis on the authors and research highlights about the foreign and domestic references, a total of 761, using CiteSpace with keywords analysis method. As far as foreign references are concerned, there are no authoritative scholars, and 12 foreign research topics are presented. For domestic references, there is no centricity for the scholars, and research topics focus on the macroscopic field of business tourism. Then this paper reviewed the contents of research progress at home and abroad since 2007. Foreign references focus on business travelers, the effects of business tourism, the factors influencing business tourism, and business tourism management. Domestic references focus on the business tourism connotation and denotation, business travelers, business tourism development, and business tourism education.Then it compared the foreign and domestic references in terms of content and method, and drew four conclusions: firstly, the connotation and denotation research is characteristic in domestic references; secondly, foreign research on business travelers is more detailed; thirdly, the topics on business tourism development are different; fourthly, other research topics are different. In the end, this paper summarized the existing research deficiencies, which are the importance of business tourism needing to be strengthened, the comprehensive effect of business tourism needing to be improved, the study of business travel demand and behavior trend being insufficient, enterprise business tourism management research being still weak, and the high quality business tourism development being not supported by theory effectively, and finally puts forward corresponding research prospects.
Business tourism refers to the tourism activities conducted by tourists for the purpose of business or profession, which are related to sales, operation management, educational progress, social responsibility, charity work and performance incentives. Business tourism practice is changing rapidly globally and has great development potential in China. However, it has not been regarded as an important tourism type complementary to individual tourism, nor as an important input for organizational output. To solve the above problems, this paper firstly made a visual analysis on the authors and research highlights about the foreign and domestic references, a total of 761, using CiteSpace with keywords analysis method. As far as foreign references are concerned, there are no authoritative scholars, and 12 foreign research topics are presented. For domestic references, there is no centricity for the scholars, and research topics focus on the macroscopic field of business tourism. Then this paper reviewed the contents of research progress at home and abroad since 2007. Foreign references focus on business travelers, the effects of business tourism, the factors influencing business tourism, and business tourism management. Domestic references focus on the business tourism connotation and denotation, business travelers, business tourism development, and business tourism education.Then it compared the foreign and domestic references in terms of content and method, and drew four conclusions: firstly, the connotation and denotation research is characteristic in domestic references; secondly, foreign research on business travelers is more detailed; thirdly, the topics on business tourism development are different; fourthly, other research topics are different. In the end, this paper summarized the existing research deficiencies, which are the importance of business tourism needing to be strengthened, the comprehensive effect of business tourism needing to be improved, the study of business travel demand and behavior trend being insufficient, enterprise business tourism management research being still weak, and the high quality business tourism development being not supported by theory effectively, and finally puts forward corresponding research prospects.
引文
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[5] AGUILERA A. Business travel and mobile workers[J]. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 2008,42(8):1109-1116.
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[19] COHEN S A, HANNA P, G?SSLING S. The dark side of business travel: a media comments analysis[J]. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 2018,61:406-419.
[20] POOM A, ORRU K, AHAS R. The carbon footprint of business travel in the knowledge-intensive service sector[J]. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 2017,50:292-304.
[21] LU J L, PEETA S. Analysis of the factors that influence the relationship between business air travel and videoconferencing[J]. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 2009,43(8):709-721.
[22] DENSTADLI J M, GRIPSRUD M, HJORTHOL R, et al. Videoconferencing and business air travel: do new technologies produce new interaction patterns?[J]. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 2013,29:1-13.
[23] AGUILéRA A, PROULHAC L. Socio-occupational and geographical determinants of the frequency of long-distance business travel in France[J]. Journal of transport geography, 2015,43:28-35.
[24] PAVLI A, SILVESTROS C, PATRINOS S, et al. Pre-travel preparation practices among business travelers to tropical and subtropical destinations: results from the Athens International Airport Survey[J]. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 2014,12(4):364-369.
[25] SELCUK E B, KAYABAS U, BINBASIOGLU H, et al. Travel health attitudes among Turkish business travelers to African countries[J]. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 2016,14(6):614-620.
[26] BUDD L, VORLEY T. Airlines, apps, and business travel: a critical examination[J]. Research in transportation business & management, 2013,9:41-49.
[27] GUSTAFSON P. Managing business travel: developments and dilemmas in corporate travel management[J]. Tourism management, 2012,33(2):276-284.
[28] 林洪岱. 中国国内旅游的一翼:会议旅游[J]. 旅游学刊, 1988(1):40-45.
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[30] 李立, 张仲啸. 论商务旅游市场的特点及营销策略[J]. 桂林旅游高等专科学校学报, 2000(2):62-65.
[31] 魏小安.商务旅游与中国商务旅游市场[EB/OL].(2009-01-22)[2017-10-22].http://weixiaoan.blog.sohu.com/109010242.html.
[32] 厉新权, 程小敏. 关于拓展我国商务旅游市场的思考[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2004(3):24-29,41.
[33] 曹琴. 苏州工业园区商务旅游的成功实践及其示范价值研究[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2013.
[34] 王昆强. 我国商务旅游产业发展问题探讨[J]. 商业经济研究, 2016(7):190-191.
[35] 曹诗图, 许黎. 对商务旅游概念的质疑与澄清[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2016,32(2):116-120.
[36] 吴必虎, 俞曦. 旅游规划原理[M]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2010: 57.
[37] 田纪鹏. 商务旅游理论与实践[M]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2017.
[38] 胡平. 商务旅游目的地游客满意度的实证研究:以上海徐家汇为例[J]. 旅游科学, 2008,22(1):29-33.
[39] 李玺, 叶升, 王东. 旅游目的地感知形象非结构化测量应用研究:以访澳商务游客形象感知特征为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2011,26(12):57-63.
[40] 唐澜, 吴晋峰, 王金莹,等. 中国入境商务旅游流空间分布特征及流动规律研究[J]. 经济地理, 2012(9):149-155.
[41] 赵多平, 王翠婷, 曹兰州. 宁夏赴阿拉伯国家出境商务旅游影响因素及机理研究[J]. 人文地理, 2017(6):146-153.
[42] 彭陈艳. 苏州工业园区商务旅游目的地系统的研究[D]. 芜湖: 安徽师范大学, 2010: 35-58.
[43] 汪德根, 宋玉芹, 刘昌雪. 商务旅游城市发展的系统动力学仿真研究:以苏州工业园区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013,32(3):486-496.
[44] 王睿. 苏州工业园区商务旅游人才缺乏问题对策研究[J]. 人才资源开发, 2015(18):55.
[45] 徐峰. 商务旅游城市评价标准探讨:对义乌案例研究[J]. 边疆经济与文化, 2008(3):13-15.
[46] 谢佩清, 王媛. 世界优秀商务旅游城市发展经验借鉴:城市宏观环境要素[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2013(12):107-113.
[47] 洪涛. 商务旅游目的地系统影响要素及系统优化[J]. 社会科学家, 2017(4):90-95.
[48] 张文建, 侯洁. 上海现代服务业集聚区与商务旅游优化研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010,42(1):119-124.
[49] 殷敏. 论北京商务旅游的发展[J]. 北京社会科学, 2008(2):38-44.
[50] 李玺. 城市商务旅游竞争力:评价体系及方法的创新研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2010(4):27-31.
[51] 郑涛. 重庆商务旅游发展SWOT分析与对策探讨[J]. 特区经济, 2011(4):168-171.
[52] 徐全红. 福建发展国际商务旅游的SWOT分析[J]. 集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2016,19(1):57-63.
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①本文将business tourism与business travel共同视为商务旅游。
[2] Global Business Travel Association. Annual global report & forecast: prospects for global business travel 2017-2021[R]. 2017: 8.
[3] 贾莲莲, 朱竑. 商务旅游研究述评[J]. 思想战线, 2004,30(3):126-130.
[4] 马爱萍, 张虹菲. 国内外商务旅游研究述评[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2007(11):25-30,58.
[5] AGUILERA A. Business travel and mobile workers[J]. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 2008,42(8):1109-1116.
[6] CHEN H S. Travel well, road warriors: assessing business travelers’ stressors[J]. Tourism management perspectives, 2017,22:1-6.
[7] WANG L, FANG B, LAW R. Effect of air quality in the place of origin on outbound tourism demand: disposable income as a moderator[J]. Tourism management, 2018,68:152-161.
[8] ABULIBDEH A, ZAIDAN E. Empirical analysis of the cross-cultural information searching and travel behavior of business travelers: a case study of MICE travelers to Qatar in the Middle East[J]. Applied geography, 2017,85:152-162.
[9] UNGER O, URIELY N, FUCHS G. The business travel experience[J]. Annals of tourism research, 2016,61:142-156.
[10] ROBY H. Understanding the development of business travel policies: reducing business travel, motivations and barriers[J]. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 2014,69:20-35.
[11] NICULA V, ELENA P R. Business tourism market developments[J]. Procedia economics and finance, 2014,16:703-712.
[12] ELENA C, TATIANA S. Event tourism in Russian region: opportunity for small-scale business growth[J]. Procedia economics and finance, 2015,26:183-187.
[13] TSUI W H K, FUNG M K Y. Causality between business travel and trade volumes: empirical evidence from Hong Kong[J]. Tourism management, 2016,52:395-404.
[14] DAVIES Z G, ARMSWORTH P R. Making an impact: the influence of policies to reduce emissions from aviation on the business travel patterns of individual corporations[J]. Energy policy, 2010,38(12):7634-7638.
[15] CRISTEA A D. Buyer-seller relationships in international trade: evidence from U.S. States’ exports and business-class travel[J]. Journal of international economics, 2011,84(2):207-220.
[16] WARDMAN M, BATLEY R, LAIRD J, et al. How should business travel time savings be valued?[J]. Economics of transportation, 2015,4(4):200-214.
[17] NEAL Z. Evolution of the business air travel network in the US from 1993 to 2011: a descriptive analysis using AIRNET[J]. Research in transportation business & management, 2013,9:5-11.
[18] LYONS G. Business travel-the social practices surrounding meetings[J]. Research in transportation business & management, 2013,9:50-57.
[19] COHEN S A, HANNA P, G?SSLING S. The dark side of business travel: a media comments analysis[J]. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 2018,61:406-419.
[20] POOM A, ORRU K, AHAS R. The carbon footprint of business travel in the knowledge-intensive service sector[J]. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 2017,50:292-304.
[21] LU J L, PEETA S. Analysis of the factors that influence the relationship between business air travel and videoconferencing[J]. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 2009,43(8):709-721.
[22] DENSTADLI J M, GRIPSRUD M, HJORTHOL R, et al. Videoconferencing and business air travel: do new technologies produce new interaction patterns?[J]. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 2013,29:1-13.
[23] AGUILéRA A, PROULHAC L. Socio-occupational and geographical determinants of the frequency of long-distance business travel in France[J]. Journal of transport geography, 2015,43:28-35.
[24] PAVLI A, SILVESTROS C, PATRINOS S, et al. Pre-travel preparation practices among business travelers to tropical and subtropical destinations: results from the Athens International Airport Survey[J]. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 2014,12(4):364-369.
[25] SELCUK E B, KAYABAS U, BINBASIOGLU H, et al. Travel health attitudes among Turkish business travelers to African countries[J]. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 2016,14(6):614-620.
[26] BUDD L, VORLEY T. Airlines, apps, and business travel: a critical examination[J]. Research in transportation business & management, 2013,9:41-49.
[27] GUSTAFSON P. Managing business travel: developments and dilemmas in corporate travel management[J]. Tourism management, 2012,33(2):276-284.
[28] 林洪岱. 中国国内旅游的一翼:会议旅游[J]. 旅游学刊, 1988(1):40-45.
[29] 彭华. 试论经济中心型城市旅游的商务主导模式:以汕头市为例[J]. 地理科学, 1999,19(2):140-146.
[30] 李立, 张仲啸. 论商务旅游市场的特点及营销策略[J]. 桂林旅游高等专科学校学报, 2000(2):62-65.
[31] 魏小安.商务旅游与中国商务旅游市场[EB/OL].(2009-01-22)[2017-10-22].http://weixiaoan.blog.sohu.com/109010242.html.
[32] 厉新权, 程小敏. 关于拓展我国商务旅游市场的思考[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2004(3):24-29,41.
[33] 曹琴. 苏州工业园区商务旅游的成功实践及其示范价值研究[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2013.
[34] 王昆强. 我国商务旅游产业发展问题探讨[J]. 商业经济研究, 2016(7):190-191.
[35] 曹诗图, 许黎. 对商务旅游概念的质疑与澄清[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2016,32(2):116-120.
[36] 吴必虎, 俞曦. 旅游规划原理[M]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2010: 57.
[37] 田纪鹏. 商务旅游理论与实践[M]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2017.
[38] 胡平. 商务旅游目的地游客满意度的实证研究:以上海徐家汇为例[J]. 旅游科学, 2008,22(1):29-33.
[39] 李玺, 叶升, 王东. 旅游目的地感知形象非结构化测量应用研究:以访澳商务游客形象感知特征为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2011,26(12):57-63.
[40] 唐澜, 吴晋峰, 王金莹,等. 中国入境商务旅游流空间分布特征及流动规律研究[J]. 经济地理, 2012(9):149-155.
[41] 赵多平, 王翠婷, 曹兰州. 宁夏赴阿拉伯国家出境商务旅游影响因素及机理研究[J]. 人文地理, 2017(6):146-153.
[42] 彭陈艳. 苏州工业园区商务旅游目的地系统的研究[D]. 芜湖: 安徽师范大学, 2010: 35-58.
[43] 汪德根, 宋玉芹, 刘昌雪. 商务旅游城市发展的系统动力学仿真研究:以苏州工业园区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013,32(3):486-496.
[44] 王睿. 苏州工业园区商务旅游人才缺乏问题对策研究[J]. 人才资源开发, 2015(18):55.
[45] 徐峰. 商务旅游城市评价标准探讨:对义乌案例研究[J]. 边疆经济与文化, 2008(3):13-15.
[46] 谢佩清, 王媛. 世界优秀商务旅游城市发展经验借鉴:城市宏观环境要素[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2013(12):107-113.
[47] 洪涛. 商务旅游目的地系统影响要素及系统优化[J]. 社会科学家, 2017(4):90-95.
[48] 张文建, 侯洁. 上海现代服务业集聚区与商务旅游优化研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010,42(1):119-124.
[49] 殷敏. 论北京商务旅游的发展[J]. 北京社会科学, 2008(2):38-44.
[50] 李玺. 城市商务旅游竞争力:评价体系及方法的创新研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2010(4):27-31.
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①本文将business tourism与business travel共同视为商务旅游。