景观空间开敞度的量化
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摘要
目前,对景观空间开敞与封闭的研究多停留在定性阶段,因此试图进行量化研究。研究内容涉及观察者所处的整个空间,包括环视、仰视和俯视空间。提出景观空间量化的4个指标:视野空隙率、遮挡物距离、遮挡物高度和视野权重。阐述了各种景观空间的开敞度量化手段,包括简单空间、稍复杂空间、复杂空间以及特殊空间。景观空间开敞度的量化分析,将会使对景观空间的认识由感性层面上升到理性层面。
At present, the research about open and closed landscape space remains in the qualitative stage, and the article attempts to make quantitative attempts. The study involved the entire space of the observer, including the spaces looking around, looking up to and looking down. In this paper, four indexes of landscape space quantification are presented: the porosity of the field of view, the distance of occlusion objects, the height of occlusion objects and the proportion of vision. Step by step the article expounds all kinds of landscape space of the open degree of quantitative methods, including simple space, a complex space, complex space and special space. The quantitative methods are pragmatic and operable. The quantitative analysis of the landscape space opennes will increase our understanding of landscape space from perceptual to rational stage.
At present, the research about open and closed landscape space remains in the qualitative stage, and the article attempts to make quantitative attempts. The study involved the entire space of the observer, including the spaces looking around, looking up to and looking down. In this paper, four indexes of landscape space quantification are presented: the porosity of the field of view, the distance of occlusion objects, the height of occlusion objects and the proportion of vision. Step by step the article expounds all kinds of landscape space of the open degree of quantitative methods, including simple space, a complex space, complex space and special space. The quantitative methods are pragmatic and operable. The quantitative analysis of the landscape space opennes will increase our understanding of landscape space from perceptual to rational stage.
引文
[1](日)芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].南京:江苏凤凰文艺出版社,2017.
[2]钮新毅,徐芳.基于视觉影响的建成环境空间开敞度定量评价方法[J].城市规划学刊,2011(1):91-97.
[3]叶麟.住区景观环境量化研究:以南京市为例[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[4]惠延年.眼科学[M].6版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[5]Wiki-Wikipedia. Visual field[EB/OL].[2017-04-24].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_field#Normal_limits.
[6]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:18.
[7]国家卫生计生委宣传司.国新办《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)》新闻发布会文字实录[EB/OL].[2015-06-30].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/201506/6b4c0f873c174ace9f57f11fd4f6f8d9.shtml.
[8]百度百科.头身[EB/OL].[2017-08-26].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%B4%E8%BA%AB/3095690?fr=aladdin#6.
[9]成玉宁.现代景观设计理论与方法[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010:274.
(1)R~2值越接近1,其拟合效果越好。
[2]钮新毅,徐芳.基于视觉影响的建成环境空间开敞度定量评价方法[J].城市规划学刊,2011(1):91-97.
[3]叶麟.住区景观环境量化研究:以南京市为例[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[4]惠延年.眼科学[M].6版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[5]Wiki-Wikipedia. Visual field[EB/OL].[2017-04-24].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_field#Normal_limits.
[6]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:18.
[7]国家卫生计生委宣传司.国新办《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)》新闻发布会文字实录[EB/OL].[2015-06-30].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/201506/6b4c0f873c174ace9f57f11fd4f6f8d9.shtml.
[8]百度百科.头身[EB/OL].[2017-08-26].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%B4%E8%BA%AB/3095690?fr=aladdin#6.
[9]成玉宁.现代景观设计理论与方法[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010:274.
(1)R~2值越接近1,其拟合效果越好。