游览人数-景区收入重心演变与空间错位分析——以新疆热门景区为例
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摘要
以新疆69个热门景区为研究单元,运用重力模型刻画2010—2017年游览人数与景区收入时空演变轨迹,并结合空间错位指数模型度量二者的空间错位程度.结果表明,游览人数重心始终在"东南—西北"方向上回转与折返,并呈现三角板型空间特征.而收入重心轨迹沿"西南—东北—西—西南—东北"方向上折返后回转,呈"十"字型空间分布.游览重心总体向西南偏移11.82km;收入重心总体向西北移动46.70km.两类重心经纬度变化与其差值变化均显示新疆西部、北部地区景区竞争优势明显.43.48%的高、中错位区均以北部地区景区为主,其中那拉提、喀纳斯、国际大巴扎和天山天池景区ISM贡献度G值之和为50.5%,此为影响全局空间错位的关键区域.受新疆旅游资源产品转化程度、政府政策导向、景区产品差异化程度与景区管理能力差异等多方面影响,使二者空间格局发生变化,并出现错位分布的态势.
The gravity model can reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the number of visitors and income.The spatial dislocation exponential model to measure the degree of space dislocation.Taking 69 popular scenic spots in Xinjiang as the research unit from 2010 to 2017.The results show that the gravity center of the tourist number has been revolving and reentry in the direction of southeast-northwest,which presents distribution features of triangle type in space.The gravity center of the income has been moving along the southwest-northeast west-southwest-northeast.The center of gravity of the tourist moves 11.82 km to the southwest,the center of scenic income moves 11.82 km to the northwest.The change between two kinds of gravity center of longitude and latitude and their difference shows that the competitive advantage of western and northern scenic spots are significant.The high and middle dislocations accounts for 43.48%,and the scenic spots is mainly in the northern area.Gvalue of Narat,Kanas,International Bazaar and Tianshan Tianchi scenic have reached 50.5%,It's an important area that affects the spatial misalignment.Affected by many factors such as the degree of transformation of tourism resources products in Xinjiang,the orientation of government policies,the differences in the product quality of scenic spots,and the differences in the management capabilities of scenic spots,the spatial pattern of these two resources has changed and has been dislocated.
The gravity model can reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the number of visitors and income.The spatial dislocation exponential model to measure the degree of space dislocation.Taking 69 popular scenic spots in Xinjiang as the research unit from 2010 to 2017.The results show that the gravity center of the tourist number has been revolving and reentry in the direction of southeast-northwest,which presents distribution features of triangle type in space.The gravity center of the income has been moving along the southwest-northeast west-southwest-northeast.The center of gravity of the tourist moves 11.82 km to the southwest,the center of scenic income moves 11.82 km to the northwest.The change between two kinds of gravity center of longitude and latitude and their difference shows that the competitive advantage of western and northern scenic spots are significant.The high and middle dislocations accounts for 43.48%,and the scenic spots is mainly in the northern area.Gvalue of Narat,Kanas,International Bazaar and Tianshan Tianchi scenic have reached 50.5%,It's an important area that affects the spatial misalignment.Affected by many factors such as the degree of transformation of tourism resources products in Xinjiang,the orientation of government policies,the differences in the product quality of scenic spots,and the differences in the management capabilities of scenic spots,the spatial pattern of these two resources has changed and has been dislocated.
引文
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[23]许春晓,王甫园,王开泳,等.旅游地空间竞争规律探究——以湖南省为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(2):321.
[24]鲁宜苓,孙根年.山东省旅游重心的演变及驱动机制定量分析[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(6):754.
[25]刘佳,王娟,奚一丹.中国旅游经济增长质量的空间格局演化[J].经济管理,2016,38(8):160.
[2]邓辉,李朦.我国旅游收入影响因素的实证分析——基于全国22个省份旅游相关数据[J].兰州学刊,2015(10):171.
[3]王耀斌,蒋金萍,孙传玲.基于灰色关联分析的甘肃省旅游收入影响因素研究[J].资源开发与市场,2015,31(7):868.
[4]张洪,潘辉,杨燕.旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(11):1046.
[5]董红梅,赵景波.中国高等级旅游资源数量与旅游人数、旅游收入的关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):173.
[6]张洪,时浩楠.旅游目的地竞争力与旅游经济贡献度错位研究——以中国大陆31个省市区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(12):216.
[7]WEBSTER C,IVANOV S.Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits:does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?[J].Tourism Management,2014,40:139.
[8]MARTIN R W.Spatial mismatch and the structure of American metropolitan areas,1970-2000[J].Journal of Regional Science,2004,44(3):467.
[9]KAIN J.Housing segregation,negro employment,and metropolitan decentralization[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1968,82(2):175.
[10]CIDELL J.Concentration and decentralization:the new geography of freight distribution in US metropolitan areas[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2010,18(3):363.
[11]WANG D G,CHAI Y W.The job-housing relationship and commuting in Beijing,China:the legacy of Danwei[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2009,17(1):30.
[12]JANSEN-VERHEKE M,SPEE R.A regional analysis of tourist flows within Europe[J].Tourism Management,1995,16(1):73.
[13]张洪,时浩楠.安徽省旅游资源与旅游经济的空间错位研究[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(4):80.
[14]李凌雁,翁钢民.基于空间错位的我国西部地区旅游、文化与经济发展的演变分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(2):121.
[15]翁钢民,陈林娜.区域旅行服务、交通区位与旅游经济的空间错位研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(4):90.
[16]孙铁山,刘霄泉.中国超大城市常住外来和常住户籍人口居住-就业的空间错位——基于北京、上海和广州的实证[J].人口与经济,2016(5):23.
[17]陈乔,程成,田芮凡.东盟旅桂“客流量-景区-酒店”空间错位及演变[J].经济地理,2017,37(9):192.
[18]PAGE S.Transport geographies:mobilities,flows and spaces[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(1):149.
[19]涂建军,刘莉,张跃,等.1996—2015年我国经济重心的时空演变轨迹——基于291个地级市数据[J].经济地理,2018,38(2):18.
[20]李如友,黄常州.江苏省旅游经济重心演进格局及其驱动机制[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):93.
[21]包富华,陈瑛.中国大陆外商直接投资与入境商务旅游的空间错位研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2016,43(4):465.
[22]王红艳,马耀峰.基于空间错位理论的陕西省旅游资源与入境旅游质量研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(10):198.
[23]许春晓,王甫园,王开泳,等.旅游地空间竞争规律探究——以湖南省为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(2):321.
[24]鲁宜苓,孙根年.山东省旅游重心的演变及驱动机制定量分析[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(6):754.
[25]刘佳,王娟,奚一丹.中国旅游经济增长质量的空间格局演化[J].经济管理,2016,38(8):160.