动态环境下企业战略重构与模式选择研究
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摘要
企业组织总是在特定环境中运行,企业战略选择和竞争优势提升除了受到企业内部资源与自身能力等因素影响以外,还与外部竞争环境密切相关。随着全球一体化的深入发展,企业面临的竞争环境越来越复杂动态多变,各种不确定性因素不断增加。企业必须结合自身资源与能力,通过战略重构,采取积极的姿态快速降解环境不确定性所带来的各种冲击,重塑自身竞争优势。根据变化频率和复杂程度,竞争环境可以分为简单稳定型、复杂稳定型、简单动态型、复杂动态型四种状态。针对不同的竞争态势,不同行业企业必须根据自身对竞争环境的感知程度,通过构建基于环境决定的防御型、基于环境追随的反应型、基于环境适应的分析型、基于环境创造的探索型战略发展模式来提升竞争能力,从而化解不确定性环境所带来的风险,促进企业可持续发展。
Enterprise organization always operates in a specific environment. In addition to the factors such as internal resources and self-ability, enterprise strategic choice and competitive advantage promotion are closely related to external competitive environment. With the in-depth development of global integration, enterprises are facing increasingly complex and dynamic competitive environment and various uncertainties are increasing. Enterprises must reshape their competitive advantage, combining their own resources and capabilities through strategic restructuring and adopting a positive attitude to quickly reduce the impact of environmental uncertainty. According to the change frequency and complexity, the competitive environment can be divided into four states: simple stable, complex stable, simple dynamic and complex dynamic. In view of different competitive situations, the enterprises in different industries must improve their competitiveness on the basis of their perceptions of competitive environment, through building environment-decided defensive progress model, environment-following response progress model, environment-adapted analytical progress model and environment-created exploratory progress model, so as to resolve the risks brought by uncertain environment and promote enterprises' sustainable development.
Enterprise organization always operates in a specific environment. In addition to the factors such as internal resources and self-ability, enterprise strategic choice and competitive advantage promotion are closely related to external competitive environment. With the in-depth development of global integration, enterprises are facing increasingly complex and dynamic competitive environment and various uncertainties are increasing. Enterprises must reshape their competitive advantage, combining their own resources and capabilities through strategic restructuring and adopting a positive attitude to quickly reduce the impact of environmental uncertainty. According to the change frequency and complexity, the competitive environment can be divided into four states: simple stable, complex stable, simple dynamic and complex dynamic. In view of different competitive situations, the enterprises in different industries must improve their competitiveness on the basis of their perceptions of competitive environment, through building environment-decided defensive progress model, environment-following response progress model, environment-adapted analytical progress model and environment-created exploratory progress model, so as to resolve the risks brought by uncertain environment and promote enterprises' sustainable development.
引文
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[29] Tan,J.&Tan,D.Environment-strategy Co-evolution and Co-alignment:A Staged Model of Chinese SOEs under Transition[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26:141-157.
[30] Miles,R.E.,Snow,C.C.& Meyer,A.D.Organizational strategy,structure,and process[J].Academy of Management,Review,1978,3(3):546-568.
[31] David J.Teece.Ary Pisano,and Amy Shuen.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):98-102.
[32] 王建军,昝冬平.动态能力、危机管理与企业竞争优势关系研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(7):78-85.
[33] 李大元.企业环境不确定性研究及其新进展[J].管理评论,2010,22(11):81-87.
[34] 范志刚,吴晓波.动态环境下企业战略柔性与创新绩效关系研究[J].科研管理,2014,35(1):1-8.
[2] Ray.Barney and Muhanna Goultar.Capabilities.Business Process,and Competitive Advantage:Choosing the Dependent Variable in Empirieal Test of the Resource-based View[J].Strategic Management Journal.2000(1):1354-1371.
[3] Hannan M.T.and Freeman.J.The population cology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,(82),929-984.
[4] Zollo M.,Winter,S.G.Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities[J].Organization Science,2002,13(3) :339 -351.
[5] 曹如中,向洪,彭波.不确定性情境下竞争情报价值认知与价值生成研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(10):11-15.
[6] [美]德鲁克.动荡时代的管理[M].姜文波,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[7] Chan.K.W and Muaborgne.R.Value Innovation:The Strategic Logic of High Growth[J].Harvard Business Review,1997(2):1-2.
[8] Chan.K.W and Muaborgne.R.Strategy value innovation and the knowledge economy[J].Sloan Management Review,1999,(Spring):41-54.
[9] Teece D.J.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management [J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18 (7) :509 -533.
[10] Penrose E T.:The theory of the Growth of the Firm[M].Oxford:Oxford University press,1959:121.
[11] Williamson,OE.Strategizing,economizing,and economic organization[J].Strategic Management Journal,Winter Special Issue,1991(12):121-132.
[12] Barney,J.B.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of management,1991,17(1):99-120.
[13] Henderson,V.,A.Kuncoro,and M.Turner..Industrial Development in Cities[J].Journal of Political Economy,1995,103(5):1069-1090.
[14] Giovanni Dosi,Richard R.Nelson and Sidney G.Winter.The Nature Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities [M].London:Oxford University Press,2001:45.
[15] 杜坤.动态环境下的企业竞争战略研究[J].经济论坛,2012,(11):163-165.
[16] 曹如中.动态环境下企业竞争情报价值识别与价值实现研究[J].情报理论与实践,2013,36(1):78-81.
[17] 段柯.动态环境、战略反应速度与企业动态能力——基于组合项目管理模式的实证研究[J].财经论丛,2013,(3):104-110.
[18] Duncan,R.B.Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3):313-327.
[19] 徐召红,杨蕙馨.动态能力与企业竞争优势的关系及作用机理[J].经济问题探索,2013,34(9):150-156.
[20] 吴凤平,程铁军.不确定性环境下突发事件动态应急决策研究[J].2014,28(3):26-29,34.
[21] Robbins S.P..Organization Theory:Structure,Design and Applications[M].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs,1999:26.
[22] Benelgin.Google:Beyond the Hype[J].Business Week,2004,(European Edition,May 31).
[23] Hetfat C.E.,Peteraf M.A.The Dynamic Resource - Based View :Capability Lifecycles [J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24 (10) :997 - 1010.
[24] 李宏贵,曹迎迎,杜运周.动态环境下企业创新的战略反应[J].管理学报,2018,15(6):856-864.
[25] 邓少军,焦豪.复杂动态环境下企业战略转型的过程机制研究[J].科研管理,2011,32(1):60-69.
[26] 臧树伟,潘璇,孙倩敏.动态环境下的后发企业追赶研究——基于商业模式创新视角[J].商业经济与管理,2018,39(8):123-132.
[27] 曹红军,赵建波.动态能力的维度:基于中国企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(1):36-44.
[28] Tan,J.J.& Litschert,R.J.Environment-strategy relationship and its performance implications:An empirical study of the Chinese electronics industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(1):11-20.
[29] Tan,J.&Tan,D.Environment-strategy Co-evolution and Co-alignment:A Staged Model of Chinese SOEs under Transition[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26:141-157.
[30] Miles,R.E.,Snow,C.C.& Meyer,A.D.Organizational strategy,structure,and process[J].Academy of Management,Review,1978,3(3):546-568.
[31] David J.Teece.Ary Pisano,and Amy Shuen.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):98-102.
[32] 王建军,昝冬平.动态能力、危机管理与企业竞争优势关系研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(7):78-85.
[33] 李大元.企业环境不确定性研究及其新进展[J].管理评论,2010,22(11):81-87.
[34] 范志刚,吴晓波.动态环境下企业战略柔性与创新绩效关系研究[J].科研管理,2014,35(1):1-8.