文丘里法在河流流量推算中的应用
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摘要
流量测验常见方法有常规水文缆道流速仪法、超声波时差法、声学多普勒流速(ADCP)、雷达波流速等,上述方法各有优缺点,适用于不同场合。文丘里现象被广泛用来测量封闭管道中单相稳定流体的流量,依据伯努利定律可知流速的增大伴随流体压力的降低,即受限流动在通过缩小的过流断面时流体出现流速增大的文丘里效应,根据该效应,可通过河段文氏等效,获得估算的天然河流水体流量。经实例验证,该方法计算精度较高,达到流量测验规范要求,可作为流量估算的一种辅助手段。
The common flow acquisition methods in the flow test are conventional hydrometric cableway current meter, ultrasonic time difference method, acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCP) and radar wave current meter. According to Bernoulli's law, the increase of flow velocity is accompanied by the decrease of fluid pressure. That is, the Venturi phenomenon that the flow velocity increases when the confined flow passes through the reduced cross section. This phenomenon has been widely applied to measure the flow rate of single-phase steady fluid in closed pipelines. Based on the Venturi effect and Venturi model, the equivalent formula of Venturi river is derived. In conclusion, the calculation of the method produces higher precision which can meet the standard requirements of flow test.
The common flow acquisition methods in the flow test are conventional hydrometric cableway current meter, ultrasonic time difference method, acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCP) and radar wave current meter. According to Bernoulli's law, the increase of flow velocity is accompanied by the decrease of fluid pressure. That is, the Venturi phenomenon that the flow velocity increases when the confined flow passes through the reduced cross section. This phenomenon has been widely applied to measure the flow rate of single-phase steady fluid in closed pipelines. Based on the Venturi effect and Venturi model, the equivalent formula of Venturi river is derived. In conclusion, the calculation of the method produces higher precision which can meet the standard requirements of flow test.
引文
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[10]舒大兴,周忠远.两因素同时校正法推求河道洪水流量[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1995(3):51-57.(SHU Daxing,ZHOUZhongyuan.The two factors simultaneous correction method is used to deduce the flood discharge of the river[J].Journal of Hohai U-niversity:Natural Science Edition,1995(3):51-57.(in Chinese))
[2]李长江.流速仪法测流最小水深计算公式推导[J].水文,2010,30(2):76-79.(LI Changjiang.Formula derivation of minimum water depth of flow measurement with current-meter method[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2010,30(2):76-79.(in Chinese))
[3]韦立新,蒋建平,曹贯中.基于ADCP实时指标流速的感潮段断面流量计算[J].人民长江,2016,47(1):27-30.(WEI Lixin,JIANGJianping,CAO Guangzhong.Study on sectional flow calculation in tidal reach by ADCP real-time index velocity[J].Yangtze River,2016,47(1):27-30.(in Chinese))
[4]孙艳琦,牛文全.文丘里管结构参数对其水力性能的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):211-218.(SUN Yanqi,NIU Wenquan.Effects of Venturi structural parameters on the hydraulic performance.[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(2):211-218.(in Chinese))
[5]李普良,刘宏博,黄希望,等.某流量函数试验器临界文氏管流量测量与误差分析[A].2015航空试验测试技术学术交流会论文集[C].2015,636-638.(LI Puliang,LIU Hongbo,HUANG Xiwang,et al.Flow measurement and error analysis of a Venturi tube in a flow function tester[A].2015 Journal of Aeronautical Testing and Testing Technology Symposium[C].2015,636-638.(in Chinese))
[6]胡兴艺.广义线性水库模型及其RC(阻容)网络模拟[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(5):18-21.(HU Xingyi.Generalized linear reservoir model and its simulation by resistance-capacitance network circuitry[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(5):18-21.(in Chinese))
[7]胡兴艺.河段水位预报RC模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(S2):52-54.(HU Xingyi.The RC circuit model of the water level prediction of the river section[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(S2):52-54.(in Chinese))
[8]孙赞盈,路金镶,曲少军,等.黄河下游河道大断面平滩流量推算新方法[J].人民黄河,2007,29(2):22-23.(SUN Zanying,LU Jinrang,QU Shaojun,et al.Pra ctical new method on bankfull discharge calculation of major bed of the lower Yellow river channel[J].Yellow River,2007,29(2):22-23.(in Chinese))
[9]贺莉.河段平滩流量估算方法及影响因素分析[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(4):47-54.(HE Li.Estimation of bankfull discharge at reach scale and influence factor analysis[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(4):47-54.(in Chinese))
[10]舒大兴,周忠远.两因素同时校正法推求河道洪水流量[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1995(3):51-57.(SHU Daxing,ZHOUZhongyuan.The two factors simultaneous correction method is used to deduce the flood discharge of the river[J].Journal of Hohai U-niversity:Natural Science Edition,1995(3):51-57.(in Chinese))