工作面过断层动态力学响应特征研究
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摘要
通过构建工作面过断层数值模型,研究开采扰动条件下断层动态力学响应特征,并分析采场矿压显现与断层损伤滑移互馈机制.研究表明:工作面逐步向断层推进过程中,断层损伤变量增长迅速,断层应力阻隔效应明显,上下盘位移沿断层面出现不连续现象,煤层应力呈现二次缓慢升高随后下降趋势.开采扰动条件下断层围岩力学响应中断层损伤变量变化早于煤层支承压力,可作为监测断层滑移的一个敏感指标.最后对不同开采条件下断层损伤变量进行了回归分析,确定水平应力、断层内摩擦角、工作面距断层距离为开采扰动诱发断层损伤滑移主控因素,而采厚、垂直应力等因素对断层损伤滑移影响不明显.
By constructing the numerical model of working face passing through fault,the mechanical response of fault under the condition of mining disturbance,the strata behaviors and fault slip interaction mechanical were studied.The results show that during the advancing process of working face towards the fault,fault damage variable grows rapidly and the barrier effect of fault on stress is obvious.The displacements of hanging-wall and foot-wall are discontinuous along the fault,coal seam stress shows slow growth and then declines.Under the condition of mining disturbance,the fault damage variable among rock mechanics response is earlier than the pressure of coal seam,which can be used as a sensitive index to monitor the fault slip.Fault damage variable regression equation is established under different mining conditions,the main factors of mining disturbance induced fault damage are horizontal stress,fault friction angle and the distance between working face and the fault,while mining heights andvertical stress have limited effect on the fault damage slip.
By constructing the numerical model of working face passing through fault,the mechanical response of fault under the condition of mining disturbance,the strata behaviors and fault slip interaction mechanical were studied.The results show that during the advancing process of working face towards the fault,fault damage variable grows rapidly and the barrier effect of fault on stress is obvious.The displacements of hanging-wall and foot-wall are discontinuous along the fault,coal seam stress shows slow growth and then declines.Under the condition of mining disturbance,the fault damage variable among rock mechanics response is earlier than the pressure of coal seam,which can be used as a sensitive index to monitor the fault slip.Fault damage variable regression equation is established under different mining conditions,the main factors of mining disturbance induced fault damage are horizontal stress,fault friction angle and the distance between working face and the fault,while mining heights andvertical stress have limited effect on the fault damage slip.
引文
[1]姜耀东,赵毅鑫.我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状:机制、预警与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015(11):2188-2204.JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin.State of the art:Investigation on mechanism,forecast and control of coal bumps in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015(11):2188-2204.
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[3]阚甲广,张农,刘宁宁,等.断层对U型钢支架承载性能影响规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):121-128.KAN Jiaguang,ZHANG Nong,LIU Ningning,et al.Research on bearing capacity of U-shape steel frame under the influence of fault[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):121-128.
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[5]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
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[7]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[8]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28-35.WANG Jinan,LIU Hang,LI Tie.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28-35.
[9]向鹏,纪洪广,王金安,等.开采对断层扰动效应的动力学特征及判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2639-2646.XIANG Peng,JI Hongguang,WANG Jinan,et al.Dynamics characteristics and criterion of fault disturbance effect caused by exploitation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup1):2639-2646.
[10]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,张科学,等.基于扰动状态理论的回采巷道稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):233-240.ZHAO Yixin,JIANG Yaodong,ZHANG Kexue,et al.Analysis of gateroad stability in underground coal mining based on disturbed stated theory[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(2):233-240.
[11]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-649.
[12]李振雷,窦林名,蔡武,等.深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击矿压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):333-342.LI Zhenlei,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al.Fault-pillar induced rock burst mechanism of thick coal seam in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):333-342.
[13]蒋金泉,武泉林,曲华.硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):267-277.JIANG Jinquan,WU Quanlin,QU Hua.Characteristic of mining stress evolution and activation of the reverse fault below the hard-thick strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):267-277.
[14]李志华,窦林名,牟宗龙,等.断层对顶板型冲击矿压的影响[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):154-158.LI Zhihua,DOU Linming,MU Zonglong,et al.Effect of fault on roof rock burst[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):154-158.
[15]ATSUSHI SAINOKI,MITRI H S.Dynamic behaviour of mining-induced fault slip[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,66:19-29.
[16]朱斯陶,姜福兴,李先锋,等.深井特厚煤层综放工作面断层活化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):50-58.ZHU Sitao,JIANG Fuxing,LI Xianfeng.Fault activation of fully mechanized caving face in extra-thick coal seam of deep shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):50-58.
[17]彭瑞东,张玉军,杨永明,等.孔隙煤岩损伤破坏行为的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1039-1048.PENG Ruidong,ZHANG Yujun,YANG Yongming,et al.Numerical simulation of porous rock damage and failure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1039-1048.
[18]张宏伟,朱峰,韩军,等.冲击地压的地质动力条件与监测预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):545-551.ZHANG Hongwei,ZHU Feng,HAN Jun,et al.Geological dynamic conditions and forecast technology for rock bursts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):545-551.
[19]王恩元,何学秋.电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出原理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(3):225-229.WANG Enyuan,HE Xueqiu.Principle of predicting coal and gas outburst using electromagnetic emission[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(3):225-229.
[20]雷光伟,杨春和,王贵宾,等.断层影响带的发育规律及其力学成因[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(2):231-241.LEI Guangwei,YANG Chunhe,WANG Guibin,et al.The development law and mechanical causes of fault influenced zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(2):231-241.
[21]钱鸣高,石平五.矿石压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:40-63.QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Ground pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003:40-63.
[22]彭赐灯.矿山压力与岩层控制研究热点最新进展评述[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(1):1-8.PENG S S.Topical areas of research needs in ground control:A state of the art review on coal mine ground control[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(1):1-8.
[23]窦林名,李振雷,何学秋.厚煤层综放开采的降载减冲原理及其应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):221-230.DOU Linming,LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu.Principle of rockburst control by weakening static and dynamic loading using top-coal caving in the mining of thick coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):221-230.
[24]苏生瑞,朱合华,王士天,等.岩石物理力学性质对断裂附近地应力场的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):370-377.SU Shengrui,ZHU Hehua,WANG Shitian,et al.Effect of physical and mechanical properties of rocks on stress field in the vicinity of fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):370-377.
[25]朱广安,窦林名,刘阳,等.采动影响下断层滑移失稳的动力学分析及数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):27-33.ZHU Guan’an,DOU Linming,LIU Yang,et al.Dynamic analysis and numerical simulation of fault slip instability induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):27-33.
[26]焦振华,赵毅鑫,姜耀东,等.采动诱发断层损伤滑移及其影响因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增1):36-42.JIAO Zhenhua,ZHAO Yixin,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Fault damage induced by mining and its sensitivity analysis of influencing factors[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(Sup 1):36-42.
[2]SHEPHERD J,RIXON L K,GRIFFITHS L.Outbursts and geological structures in coal mines:A review[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(4):267-283.
[3]阚甲广,张农,刘宁宁,等.断层对U型钢支架承载性能影响规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):121-128.KAN Jiaguang,ZHANG Nong,LIU Ningning,et al.Research on bearing capacity of U-shape steel frame under the influence of fault[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):121-128.
[4]赵毅鑫,卢志国,朱广沛,等.考虑主应力偏转的采动诱发断层活化机理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):73-80.ZHAO Yixin,LU Zhiguo,ZHU Guangpei,et al.Fault reactive induced by the principal stress rotation for the underground coal mining[J].Journal of China U-niversity of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):73-80.
[5]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
[6]白继文,李术才,刘人太,等.深部岩体断层滞后突水多场信息监测预警研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2327-2335.BAI Jiwen,LI Shucai,LIU Rentai,et al.Multi-field information monitoring and warning of delayed water bursting in deep rock fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2327-2335.
[7]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[8]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28-35.WANG Jinan,LIU Hang,LI Tie.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28-35.
[9]向鹏,纪洪广,王金安,等.开采对断层扰动效应的动力学特征及判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2639-2646.XIANG Peng,JI Hongguang,WANG Jinan,et al.Dynamics characteristics and criterion of fault disturbance effect caused by exploitation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup1):2639-2646.
[10]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,张科学,等.基于扰动状态理论的回采巷道稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):233-240.ZHAO Yixin,JIANG Yaodong,ZHANG Kexue,et al.Analysis of gateroad stability in underground coal mining based on disturbed stated theory[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(2):233-240.
[11]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-649.
[12]李振雷,窦林名,蔡武,等.深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击矿压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):333-342.LI Zhenlei,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al.Fault-pillar induced rock burst mechanism of thick coal seam in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):333-342.
[13]蒋金泉,武泉林,曲华.硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):267-277.JIANG Jinquan,WU Quanlin,QU Hua.Characteristic of mining stress evolution and activation of the reverse fault below the hard-thick strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):267-277.
[14]李志华,窦林名,牟宗龙,等.断层对顶板型冲击矿压的影响[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):154-158.LI Zhihua,DOU Linming,MU Zonglong,et al.Effect of fault on roof rock burst[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):154-158.
[15]ATSUSHI SAINOKI,MITRI H S.Dynamic behaviour of mining-induced fault slip[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,66:19-29.
[16]朱斯陶,姜福兴,李先锋,等.深井特厚煤层综放工作面断层活化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):50-58.ZHU Sitao,JIANG Fuxing,LI Xianfeng.Fault activation of fully mechanized caving face in extra-thick coal seam of deep shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):50-58.
[17]彭瑞东,张玉军,杨永明,等.孔隙煤岩损伤破坏行为的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1039-1048.PENG Ruidong,ZHANG Yujun,YANG Yongming,et al.Numerical simulation of porous rock damage and failure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1039-1048.
[18]张宏伟,朱峰,韩军,等.冲击地压的地质动力条件与监测预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):545-551.ZHANG Hongwei,ZHU Feng,HAN Jun,et al.Geological dynamic conditions and forecast technology for rock bursts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):545-551.
[19]王恩元,何学秋.电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出原理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(3):225-229.WANG Enyuan,HE Xueqiu.Principle of predicting coal and gas outburst using electromagnetic emission[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(3):225-229.
[20]雷光伟,杨春和,王贵宾,等.断层影响带的发育规律及其力学成因[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(2):231-241.LEI Guangwei,YANG Chunhe,WANG Guibin,et al.The development law and mechanical causes of fault influenced zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(2):231-241.
[21]钱鸣高,石平五.矿石压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:40-63.QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Ground pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003:40-63.
[22]彭赐灯.矿山压力与岩层控制研究热点最新进展评述[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(1):1-8.PENG S S.Topical areas of research needs in ground control:A state of the art review on coal mine ground control[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(1):1-8.
[23]窦林名,李振雷,何学秋.厚煤层综放开采的降载减冲原理及其应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):221-230.DOU Linming,LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu.Principle of rockburst control by weakening static and dynamic loading using top-coal caving in the mining of thick coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):221-230.
[24]苏生瑞,朱合华,王士天,等.岩石物理力学性质对断裂附近地应力场的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):370-377.SU Shengrui,ZHU Hehua,WANG Shitian,et al.Effect of physical and mechanical properties of rocks on stress field in the vicinity of fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):370-377.
[25]朱广安,窦林名,刘阳,等.采动影响下断层滑移失稳的动力学分析及数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):27-33.ZHU Guan’an,DOU Linming,LIU Yang,et al.Dynamic analysis and numerical simulation of fault slip instability induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):27-33.
[26]焦振华,赵毅鑫,姜耀东,等.采动诱发断层损伤滑移及其影响因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增1):36-42.JIAO Zhenhua,ZHAO Yixin,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Fault damage induced by mining and its sensitivity analysis of influencing factors[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(Sup 1):36-42.