快速路立交桥区预告标志对驾驶人的影响研究
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摘要
为研究立交桥区多级预告标志现状设置效用,以立交桥匝道类型、三级预告标志设置情况为控制因素,开展驾驶模拟实验获得车辆行驶状态数据,采用重复测量方差分析及LSD两两对比分析方法分析7种指标。结果表明:7种指标中仅换车道次数呈显著性差异。深入分析换车道行为特征,分析结果表明:预告标志对换车道行为的影响与立交桥型指路标志是否设置无关;定向、半定向、环形匝道条件下,设置预告标志将增加作用范围内换车道次数,且关键增加区域位于第三级预告标志前100 m至后方300 m范围内;设置预告标志将提高第2、3次换车道人员比例,分别提高14.61%、2.37%,有效改善驾驶员换车道行为。
In order to study the utility of multi-level advance guide signs in the overpass area,a driving simulation experiment was carried out to obtain vehicle driving status data,taking the type of ramp and the setting of three-level advance guide signs as control factors. Seven indicators were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis and LSD pairwise comparison analysis method. The results show that: there are significant differences only in the number of lane changes among the seven indicators. From the in-depth analysis of lane change behavior characteristics,it is indicated that the influence of advance guide signs on lane-changing behavior has nothing to do with the installation of overpass type guide signs. Under directional,semi-directional and circular ramp conditions,setting advance guide signs will increase the number of lane changes in influence range. Moreover,the key increase area is located in the range from 100 m before to 300 m behind of the third level advance guide sign. Setting advance guide signs will increase the proportion of people who change lanes for the second and third time by 14. 61% and 2. 37% respectively,which will effectively improve drivers' lane change behavior.
In order to study the utility of multi-level advance guide signs in the overpass area,a driving simulation experiment was carried out to obtain vehicle driving status data,taking the type of ramp and the setting of three-level advance guide signs as control factors. Seven indicators were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis and LSD pairwise comparison analysis method. The results show that: there are significant differences only in the number of lane changes among the seven indicators. From the in-depth analysis of lane change behavior characteristics,it is indicated that the influence of advance guide signs on lane-changing behavior has nothing to do with the installation of overpass type guide signs. Under directional,semi-directional and circular ramp conditions,setting advance guide signs will increase the number of lane changes in influence range. Moreover,the key increase area is located in the range from 100 m before to 300 m behind of the third level advance guide sign. Setting advance guide signs will increase the proportion of people who change lanes for the second and third time by 14. 61% and 2. 37% respectively,which will effectively improve drivers' lane change behavior.
引文
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[17]QIAO Fengxiao,LIU Xiaoyue,YU Lei. Using driving simulator for advance placement of guide sign design for exits along highways[C]//Proceedings of the Driving Simulator Conference. Iowa City,2007.
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[22] LI Jiahui,ZHAO Xiaohua,XU Shili,et al. The study of driving simulator validation for physiological signal measures[J]. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences,2013,96:2573-2583.
[2]徐洪亮,唐伯明,张太雄.重庆人和立交指路标志问题分析及整改对策[J].公路,2010(11):141-144.XU Hongliang,TANG Boming,ZHANG Taixiong. Problem analysis and corrective measures of guide signs in Chongqing Renhe interchange area[J]. Highway,2010(11):141-144.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.道路交通标志和标线第2部分:道路交通标志:GB5769.2—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Management Committee. Road Traffic Signs and Markings-Part 2:Road Traffic Signs:GB 5769. 2—2009[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House,2009.
[4]北京市公安局公安交通管理局,北京市质量技术监督局.道路交通管理设施设置规范.第1部分:道路交通标志:DB 11/T 493.1—2007[S].北京:北京市质量技术监督局,2007.Beijing Public Security Traffic Bureau,Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. Installation Specification for Road Traffic Management Facilities-Part 1:Road Traffic Signs:DB 11/T493.1—2007[S]. Beijing:Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. 2007.
[5] U.S. Department of Transportation. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways[S]. U. S:Lightning Source Inc,2009.
[6]舒文军.城市快速路的标志牌设置[J].中外公路,2004,24(4):184-186.SHU Wenjun.Design of road sings in urban expressway[J]. Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2004,24(4):184-186.
[7]王永清,丁明.城市快速路指路引导标志的设置研究[J].交通标准化,2010(021):142-144.WANG Yongqing, DING Ming. Setting guide signs in urban expressway[J]. Journal of Traffic Standardization,2010(021):142-144.
[8]李雪.基于容错理念的快速路指路标志设置方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.LI Xue. Research on Setting Method of Traffic Guide Signs on Expressway Based on Fault-tolerant Concept[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.
[9]陈明磊,吴湛坤.美国高速公路简图指路标志设计研究[J].中外公路,2012,32(2):268-271.CHEN Minglei, WU Zhankun. Diagrammatic freeway guide sign design in America[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2012,32(2):268-271.
[10]LUNENFELD H,ALEXANDER G J. Signing treatments for interchange lane drops[J]. Transportation Research Record,1976(600):1-6.
[11]CHRYSLER S T,WILLIAMS A A,FUNKHOUSER D S,et al. Driver Comprehension of Diagrammatic Freeway Guide Signs[R]. Texas:Texas Transportation Institute,2007.
[12]QIAO Fengxiao,ZHANG Rong,YU Lei. Using NASA-task load index to assess drivers'workload on freeway guide sign structures[C]//11th International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals.Nanjing:[s.n.],2011:4342-4353.
[13]FITZPATRICK K,CHRYSLER S T,NELSON A A,et al. Driving simulator study of signing for complex interchanges[C]//Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting. Washington DC:Transportation Research Board,2013.
[14]杨晓光,白玉,马万经.交通设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010:106-107.YANG Xiaoguang,BAI Yu,MA Wanjing. Traffic Design[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010:106-107.
[15]赵晓华,黄利华,荣建.快速路复杂立交桥区立交桥型指路标志对行驶速度的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(9):1405-1414.ZHAO Xiaohua,HUANG Lihua,RONG Jian. Influence of the interchange pattern guide sign on running speed in an urban complex interchange[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(9):1405-1414.
[16]姜军,陆建,李娅.基于驾驶人视认特性的城市道路指路标志设置[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(5):1089-1092.JIANG Jun,LU Jian. LI Ya. Setting of road guide signs based on drivers recognition characteristics[J]. Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(5):1089-1092.
[17]QIAO Fengxiao,LIU Xiaoyue,YU Lei. Using driving simulator for advance placement of guide sign design for exits along highways[C]//Proceedings of the Driving Simulator Conference. Iowa City,2007.
[18]QIAO Fengxiao,WANG Hui,LIU Xiaoyue,et al. Using driving simulator for logo and symbol design at interchanges for major traffic generator[C]//Proceedings of the Driving Simulator Conference. Iowa City,2007.
[19]ZWAHLEN H T,RUSS A,ROTH J M,et al. Effectiveness of ground-mounted diagrammatic advance guide signs for freeway entrance ramps[J]. Transportation Research Record,2003,1843(1):70-80.
[20]DING Han,ZHAO Xiaohua,RONG Jian,et al. Experimental research on the effectiveness and adaptability of speed reduction markings in downhill sections on urban roads:a driving simulation study[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2015,75:119-127.
[21]龚鸣.驾驶模拟器视认特性的有效性研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2011.GONG Ming. Driving Simulator Validation Based on Characteristics of Visual Cognition[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2011.
[22] LI Jiahui,ZHAO Xiaohua,XU Shili,et al. The study of driving simulator validation for physiological signal measures[J]. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences,2013,96:2573-2583.