土壤温度和水分变化对川西云杉幼苗氮和磷含量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同梯度的土壤温度和水分对川西云杉幼苗生长性状和各器官氮和磷含量的影响,以期为全球气候变暖背景下解释川西云杉树线形成的原因提供参考和数据积累。【方法】以5年生川西云杉幼苗为试验材料,采用人工气候室结合嵌套设计,设置5个土壤温度梯度(2、7、12、17、22℃)和3个土壤水分梯度(干旱处理、正常水分含量处理、饱和水分含量处理)。每处理9株幼苗,共135株幼苗。实验处理4个月后,测定并比较分析不同梯度的土壤温度和水分对幼苗的生长性状、各器官干物质含量、各器官全氮、全磷浓度和含量以及土壤全氮和全磷浓度的影响。【结果】土壤温度处理对幼苗基径和株高生长量均无显著影响,而土壤水分处理对幼苗株高生长量有显著影响;在2℃和7℃土壤温度干旱处理下显著降低了幼苗的株高生长量,但随着土壤温度的升高其影响效应不显著。土壤温度处理对土壤氮和磷浓度无显著影响,而干旱处理显著升高了土壤氮和磷浓度。川西云杉幼苗各器官的氮和磷浓度以及当年生叶氮含量随土壤温度降低显著降低;干旱和饱和水分处理显著降低了当年生叶和当年生枝的氮浓度,饱和水分处理显著降低了当年生叶的磷浓度,干旱处理显著降低了当年生枝、茎和根的磷浓度,干旱和饱和水分处理显著降低了当年生叶和根的氮和磷含量,且随着土壤温度升高影响效应更显著。【结论】在短期内,土壤低温对川西云杉幼苗的生长性状没有明显的制约作用,但对川西云杉幼苗各器官的氮和磷浓度及含量影响显著,尤其是当年生叶和根的氮和磷浓度及含量。在川西地区,低温、干旱等极端气候胁迫导致的云杉幼苗氮、磷含量的不足很可能是限制川西云杉垂直分布的重要因素。此外,土壤温度和水分处理存在显著的交互作用,随着土壤温度的降低,水分胁迫对幼苗各器官氮和磷含量的影响由显著变得不再显著,说明随着海拔升高,与水分因子相比,土壤低温成为造成云杉各器官营养元素亏缺的主导因子。
【Objective】This study aimed to explain the formation mechanism of Picea balfouriana tree line in terms of nutrient elements. Effects of different soil temperature and moisture on the growth and physiology, and nutrient concentration(unit mass content) and content in responses to low soil-temperature and water stress(drought and saturated water stress) were studied by simulating changes of soil temperature and moisture.【Method】In this study,5-year-old P. fouriana seedlings were taken as experimental material. The experiment was conducted in a walk-inartificial climate chamber with a nested design. Five soil temperature regimes(2,7,12,17,22 ℃) and three soil moisture treatments(drought treatment,normal moisture treatment and saturated moisture treatment) were set up. A total of 135 seedlings were used in the experiment,and 9 seedlings were randomly selected in each treatment. After 4 months treatments,phenotypic traits,dry mass,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of seedlings were measured and analyzed. At the same time,soil samples were collected to measure total nitrogen and total phosphorus.【Result】Soil temperature treatments had no significant effects on basal diameter and height increment,while soil moisture treatments had significant effects on height increment. Drought treatment significantly reduced height increment at 2 ℃ and 7 ℃,however the effect was no longer significant with soil temperature increasing. Soil temperature treatments had no significant influences on nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentration in soil,while drought stress significantly increased N and P concentration in soil.The N and P concentration in different organs,and N content in annual needles of spruce seedlings were significantly decreased with soil temperature decreasing. Drought and saturated water stress significantly reduced N concentration in annual needles and annual branches. Saturated water stress significantly reduced P concentration in annual needle,and drought stress significantly reduced P concentration in annual branch,stem and root. Drought and saturated water stress significantly decreased N and P content in annual needle and root,and the higher the temperature the effect was more significant.【Conclusion 】In the short term,low soil temperature and water stress had no significant limitations on phenotypic traits,while the stress had significant effects on N,P concentration and content,especially in annual needle and root. The deficiency of N and P content in organs of the seedlings caused by extreme climate changes,such as low temperature stress and water stress,is likely to limit the vertical distribution of P. balfouriana in the western of Sichuan province,in China. In addition,there was a significant interaction between soil temperature and moisture treatment,The effects of water stress on nutrient in various organs of the seedlings was significantly reduced with soil temperature decreasing. It was suggested that low soil temperature became the leading factor for the deficiency of nutrient elements in various organs of P. balfouriana seedlings with the increase of altitude.
【Objective】This study aimed to explain the formation mechanism of Picea balfouriana tree line in terms of nutrient elements. Effects of different soil temperature and moisture on the growth and physiology, and nutrient concentration(unit mass content) and content in responses to low soil-temperature and water stress(drought and saturated water stress) were studied by simulating changes of soil temperature and moisture.【Method】In this study,5-year-old P. fouriana seedlings were taken as experimental material. The experiment was conducted in a walk-inartificial climate chamber with a nested design. Five soil temperature regimes(2,7,12,17,22 ℃) and three soil moisture treatments(drought treatment,normal moisture treatment and saturated moisture treatment) were set up. A total of 135 seedlings were used in the experiment,and 9 seedlings were randomly selected in each treatment. After 4 months treatments,phenotypic traits,dry mass,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of seedlings were measured and analyzed. At the same time,soil samples were collected to measure total nitrogen and total phosphorus.【Result】Soil temperature treatments had no significant effects on basal diameter and height increment,while soil moisture treatments had significant effects on height increment. Drought treatment significantly reduced height increment at 2 ℃ and 7 ℃,however the effect was no longer significant with soil temperature increasing. Soil temperature treatments had no significant influences on nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentration in soil,while drought stress significantly increased N and P concentration in soil.The N and P concentration in different organs,and N content in annual needles of spruce seedlings were significantly decreased with soil temperature decreasing. Drought and saturated water stress significantly reduced N concentration in annual needles and annual branches. Saturated water stress significantly reduced P concentration in annual needle,and drought stress significantly reduced P concentration in annual branch,stem and root. Drought and saturated water stress significantly decreased N and P content in annual needle and root,and the higher the temperature the effect was more significant.【Conclusion 】In the short term,low soil temperature and water stress had no significant limitations on phenotypic traits,while the stress had significant effects on N,P concentration and content,especially in annual needle and root. The deficiency of N and P content in organs of the seedlings caused by extreme climate changes,such as low temperature stress and water stress,is likely to limit the vertical distribution of P. balfouriana in the western of Sichuan province,in China. In addition,there was a significant interaction between soil temperature and moisture treatment,The effects of water stress on nutrient in various organs of the seedlings was significantly reduced with soil temperature decreasing. It was suggested that low soil temperature became the leading factor for the deficiency of nutrient elements in various organs of P. balfouriana seedlings with the increase of altitude.
引文
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