基于双锥面镜成像的钻孔摄像系统研究
|
摘要
为了突破以往钻孔成像技术的基本假设(钻孔孔壁是圆柱面)和平面成像问题,从而实现钻孔内岩体结构的真三维成像,自主研发了一套基于双锥面镜成像的钻孔摄像系统。该系统主要由组合式双锥面镜、罗盘、光源、遮光罩、摄像装置和透明玻璃等部件组成,并给出了孔内双锥面镜立体像对成像的方法和全景像对图像的解算公式。通过系统测试与结果分析可知,该系统可以从2个不同角度对同一孔壁结构特性进行像对成像,并得到钻孔孔径的形态变化特征和孔壁细节的差异特征,实现了孔内360°岩体结构的全景立体像对成像和精细化探测。该系统设计巧妙、结构简单、易于实施,提高了对孔壁岩体细微结构的识别能力和探测的精度,有效推动了钻孔摄像技术的发展。
In order to overcome the problems in the existing borehole imaging technology based on the assumptions of cylindrical wall surface of borehole and planar imaging,a borehole camera system based on the biconical mirror imaging technology is developed to realize the true three-dimensional imaging of rock structures around borehole. This system is mainly composed of a biconical mirror,a compass,a light source,a hood,a camera and transparent glasses. This paper gives a stereopair imaging method of double-cone mirror for the imaging of borehole wall and the solution formulas to match the panorama stereopair image. The results of system testing and analysis show that this system can obtain the morphological characteristics of borehole and the feature difference of hole-wall details from the imaging of the same borehole structures in two different directions. This system realizes the panoramic stereopair imaging and precise detection of rock features inside borehole with the vision angle up to 360°. The system is simple in structure and easy to implement.
In order to overcome the problems in the existing borehole imaging technology based on the assumptions of cylindrical wall surface of borehole and planar imaging,a borehole camera system based on the biconical mirror imaging technology is developed to realize the true three-dimensional imaging of rock structures around borehole. This system is mainly composed of a biconical mirror,a compass,a light source,a hood,a camera and transparent glasses. This paper gives a stereopair imaging method of double-cone mirror for the imaging of borehole wall and the solution formulas to match the panorama stereopair image. The results of system testing and analysis show that this system can obtain the morphological characteristics of borehole and the feature difference of hole-wall details from the imaging of the same borehole structures in two different directions. This system realizes the panoramic stereopair imaging and precise detection of rock features inside borehole with the vision angle up to 360°. The system is simple in structure and easy to implement.
引文
[1]BARTHELEMY J,MARTIN L G,DANIEL J.Estimates of fracture density and uncertainties from well data[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(3):590–603.
[2]刘才华,陈从新.地震作用下岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3 193–3 198.(LIU Caihua,CHEN Congxin.Analysis of toppling failure of rock slopes due to earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):3 193–3 198.(in Chinese))
[3]陈从新,刘秀敏,刘才华.数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增1):53–61.(CHEN Congxin,LIU Xiumin,LIU Caihua.Application of digital image processing to rock mesomechanics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):53–61.(in Chinese))
[4]ZHANG Q,ZUO J,MAO L.The study of relationship between rock crack ct image tensor representation sign and its destruction features[C]//2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation(ICCET 2012).Switzerland:Trans.Tech.Publications Ltd.,2013:402–409.
[5]查恩来,丁凯.成像测井新技术在水利工程中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):290–295.(CHA Enlai,DING Kai.Imaging Log technique and its application in water conservancy engineering[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(1):290–295.(in Chinese))
[6]王川婴,LAWK T.钻孔摄像技术的发展与现状[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):42–50.(WANG Chuanying,LAWK Tim.Review of borehole camera technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):42–50.(in Chinese))
[7]LI S J,FENG X T,LI Z H,et al.In-situ monitoring of rockburst nucleation and evolution in the deeply buried tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station[J].Engineering Geology,2012,137:85–96.
[8]吴立新,吴育华,钟声,等.岩石撞击的热红外成像探测研究进展与方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2 180–2 186.(WU Lixin,WU Yuhua,ZHONG Sheng,et al.Research progresses and directions of detection on rock impaction with thermal infrared imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 180–2 186.(in Chinese))
[9]WATTERS W A,GROTZINGER J P,BELL J,et al.Origin of the structure and planform of small impact craters in fractured targets:Endurance crater at Meridiani Planum,Mars[J].Icarus,2011,211(1):472–497.
[10]张连明,周峰,张兆坤.地下岩层裂隙的几种勘察研究方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(4):111–114.(ZHANG Lianming,ZHOU Feng,ZHANG Zhaokun.Several methods for investigating crack in underground rock stratum[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,30(4):111–114.(in Chinese))
[11]刘子侠.基于数字近景摄影测量的岩体结构面信息快速采集的研究应用[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2009.(LIU Zixia.Research and application of rapid acquiring discontinuities information in rock mass based on digital close range photogrammetry[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]孙卫春,王川婴,闵弘.数字钻孔摄像与钻孔CT层析成像测试试验[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(8):104–108.(SUN Weichun,WANG Chuanying,MIN Hong.Test of digital borehole camera and borehole computed tomography imaging[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(8):104–108.(in Chinese))
[13]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.前视全景钻孔电视及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1):1 687–1 691.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.Axial view panoramic borehole TV and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Supp.1):1 687–1 691.(in Chinese))
[14]CHEN G,LI Q,ZHANG H.Panoramic image system design in the nearly dark environment[C]//International Conference on Intelligent Materials and Mechatronics(IMM 2013).Switzerland:Trans.Tech.Publications Ltd.,2014:304–309.
[15]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.数字式全景钻孔摄像系统及应用[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):522–525.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.The digital panoramic borehole camera system and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(4):522–525.(in Chinese))
[16]RONCELLA R,FORLANI G,REMONDINO F.Photogrammetry for geological applications:automatic retrieval of discontinuity orientation in rock slopes[C]//BERALDIN J A,ELHAKIM S F,GRUEN A,et al ed.Conference Videometrics VIII.USA:SPIE-INT SOC Optical Engineering,2005:17–27.
[17]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.数字式全景钻孔摄像系统研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):398–403.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.Study of the digital panoramic borehole camera system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):398–403.(in Chinese))
[18]王川婴,韩增强,汪进超,等.平面应力状态下的圆孔形态特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2 836–2 842.(WANG Chuanying,HAN Zengqiang,WANG Jinchao,et al.Study of borehole geometric shape features under plane stress state[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2 836–2 842.(in Chinese))
[19]BRIEF J,EDINGER D,HASSFELD S,et al.Accuracy of imageguided implantology[J].Clinical Oral Implants Research,2005,16(4):495–501.
[20]王川婴,韩增强,王玉山.钻孔灌注桩沉渣厚度检测方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):1 212–1 215.(WANG Chuanying,HAN Zengqiang,WANG Yushan.Detection method for bottom sediment thickness of bored piles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,35(Supp.2):1 212–1 215.(in Chinese))
[21]HE G,JIANG C S,LEI Y C,et al.Study on unloading relaxation characteristics for rock masses under high geostress'[C]//3rd International Conference on Civil,Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering(ICCAHE).Switzerland:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2014:594–600.
[22]王川婴,胡培良,孙卫春.基于钻孔摄像技术的岩体完整性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1 326–1 330.(WANG Chuanying,HU Peiliang,SUN Weichun.Method for evaluating rock mass integrity based on borehole camera technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 326–1 330.(in Chinese))
[23]王川婴,钟声,孙卫春.基于数字钻孔图像的结构面连通性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2 405–2 410.(WANG Chuanying,ZHONG Sheng,SUN Weichun.Study of connectivity of discontinuities of borehole based on digital borehole images[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2 405–2 410.(in Chinese))
[24]吴晓军,郭亚雪.一种圆柱物体360°全景成像装置设计方法[J].光学学报,2015,35(9):295–305.(WU Xiaojun,GUO Yaxue.An 360°panoramic imaging design method for cylindrical object[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(9):295–305.(in Chinese))
[25]左承林,王炜,张茂军,等.一种针对拍摄物体三维重建的全视角立体成像方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2010,22(11):1 899–1 904.(ZUO Chenglin,WANG Wei,ZHANG Maojun,et al.A complete-view stereo imaging method for three-dimensional reconstruction of objects[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2010,22(11):1 899–1 904.(in Chinese))
[26]NIU C,ZHONG F,XU S,et al.Cylindrical panoramic mosaicing from a pipeline video through MRF based optimization[J].Visual Computer,2013,29(4):253–263.
[27]季顺平,史云.多镜头组合型全景相机两种成像模型的定位精度比较[J].测绘学报,2014,43(12):1 252–1 258.(JI Shunping,SHI Yun.Comparison of two sensor models for multi-camera rig system in measurements[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(12):1 252–1 258.(in Chinese))
[28]MAH J,SAMSON C,MCKINNON S D.3D laser imaging for joint orientation analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):932–941.
[29]王胜春,罗四维,黄雅平,等.移动车载视频的立体全景图生成方法[J].光学学报,2014,34(12):210–218.(WANG Shengchun,LUO Siwei,HUANG Yaping,et al.Stereo panorama generation from the train-borne video[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2014,34(12):210–218.(in Chinese))
[2]刘才华,陈从新.地震作用下岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3 193–3 198.(LIU Caihua,CHEN Congxin.Analysis of toppling failure of rock slopes due to earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):3 193–3 198.(in Chinese))
[3]陈从新,刘秀敏,刘才华.数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增1):53–61.(CHEN Congxin,LIU Xiumin,LIU Caihua.Application of digital image processing to rock mesomechanics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):53–61.(in Chinese))
[4]ZHANG Q,ZUO J,MAO L.The study of relationship between rock crack ct image tensor representation sign and its destruction features[C]//2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation(ICCET 2012).Switzerland:Trans.Tech.Publications Ltd.,2013:402–409.
[5]查恩来,丁凯.成像测井新技术在水利工程中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):290–295.(CHA Enlai,DING Kai.Imaging Log technique and its application in water conservancy engineering[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(1):290–295.(in Chinese))
[6]王川婴,LAWK T.钻孔摄像技术的发展与现状[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):42–50.(WANG Chuanying,LAWK Tim.Review of borehole camera technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):42–50.(in Chinese))
[7]LI S J,FENG X T,LI Z H,et al.In-situ monitoring of rockburst nucleation and evolution in the deeply buried tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station[J].Engineering Geology,2012,137:85–96.
[8]吴立新,吴育华,钟声,等.岩石撞击的热红外成像探测研究进展与方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2 180–2 186.(WU Lixin,WU Yuhua,ZHONG Sheng,et al.Research progresses and directions of detection on rock impaction with thermal infrared imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 180–2 186.(in Chinese))
[9]WATTERS W A,GROTZINGER J P,BELL J,et al.Origin of the structure and planform of small impact craters in fractured targets:Endurance crater at Meridiani Planum,Mars[J].Icarus,2011,211(1):472–497.
[10]张连明,周峰,张兆坤.地下岩层裂隙的几种勘察研究方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(4):111–114.(ZHANG Lianming,ZHOU Feng,ZHANG Zhaokun.Several methods for investigating crack in underground rock stratum[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,30(4):111–114.(in Chinese))
[11]刘子侠.基于数字近景摄影测量的岩体结构面信息快速采集的研究应用[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2009.(LIU Zixia.Research and application of rapid acquiring discontinuities information in rock mass based on digital close range photogrammetry[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]孙卫春,王川婴,闵弘.数字钻孔摄像与钻孔CT层析成像测试试验[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(8):104–108.(SUN Weichun,WANG Chuanying,MIN Hong.Test of digital borehole camera and borehole computed tomography imaging[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(8):104–108.(in Chinese))
[13]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.前视全景钻孔电视及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1):1 687–1 691.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.Axial view panoramic borehole TV and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Supp.1):1 687–1 691.(in Chinese))
[14]CHEN G,LI Q,ZHANG H.Panoramic image system design in the nearly dark environment[C]//International Conference on Intelligent Materials and Mechatronics(IMM 2013).Switzerland:Trans.Tech.Publications Ltd.,2014:304–309.
[15]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.数字式全景钻孔摄像系统及应用[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):522–525.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.The digital panoramic borehole camera system and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(4):522–525.(in Chinese))
[16]RONCELLA R,FORLANI G,REMONDINO F.Photogrammetry for geological applications:automatic retrieval of discontinuity orientation in rock slopes[C]//BERALDIN J A,ELHAKIM S F,GRUEN A,et al ed.Conference Videometrics VIII.USA:SPIE-INT SOC Optical Engineering,2005:17–27.
[17]王川婴,葛修润,白世伟.数字式全景钻孔摄像系统研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):398–403.(WANG Chuanying,GE Xiurun,BAI Shiwei.Study of the digital panoramic borehole camera system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):398–403.(in Chinese))
[18]王川婴,韩增强,汪进超,等.平面应力状态下的圆孔形态特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2 836–2 842.(WANG Chuanying,HAN Zengqiang,WANG Jinchao,et al.Study of borehole geometric shape features under plane stress state[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2 836–2 842.(in Chinese))
[19]BRIEF J,EDINGER D,HASSFELD S,et al.Accuracy of imageguided implantology[J].Clinical Oral Implants Research,2005,16(4):495–501.
[20]王川婴,韩增强,王玉山.钻孔灌注桩沉渣厚度检测方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):1 212–1 215.(WANG Chuanying,HAN Zengqiang,WANG Yushan.Detection method for bottom sediment thickness of bored piles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,35(Supp.2):1 212–1 215.(in Chinese))
[21]HE G,JIANG C S,LEI Y C,et al.Study on unloading relaxation characteristics for rock masses under high geostress'[C]//3rd International Conference on Civil,Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering(ICCAHE).Switzerland:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2014:594–600.
[22]王川婴,胡培良,孙卫春.基于钻孔摄像技术的岩体完整性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1 326–1 330.(WANG Chuanying,HU Peiliang,SUN Weichun.Method for evaluating rock mass integrity based on borehole camera technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 326–1 330.(in Chinese))
[23]王川婴,钟声,孙卫春.基于数字钻孔图像的结构面连通性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2 405–2 410.(WANG Chuanying,ZHONG Sheng,SUN Weichun.Study of connectivity of discontinuities of borehole based on digital borehole images[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2 405–2 410.(in Chinese))
[24]吴晓军,郭亚雪.一种圆柱物体360°全景成像装置设计方法[J].光学学报,2015,35(9):295–305.(WU Xiaojun,GUO Yaxue.An 360°panoramic imaging design method for cylindrical object[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(9):295–305.(in Chinese))
[25]左承林,王炜,张茂军,等.一种针对拍摄物体三维重建的全视角立体成像方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2010,22(11):1 899–1 904.(ZUO Chenglin,WANG Wei,ZHANG Maojun,et al.A complete-view stereo imaging method for three-dimensional reconstruction of objects[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2010,22(11):1 899–1 904.(in Chinese))
[26]NIU C,ZHONG F,XU S,et al.Cylindrical panoramic mosaicing from a pipeline video through MRF based optimization[J].Visual Computer,2013,29(4):253–263.
[27]季顺平,史云.多镜头组合型全景相机两种成像模型的定位精度比较[J].测绘学报,2014,43(12):1 252–1 258.(JI Shunping,SHI Yun.Comparison of two sensor models for multi-camera rig system in measurements[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(12):1 252–1 258.(in Chinese))
[28]MAH J,SAMSON C,MCKINNON S D.3D laser imaging for joint orientation analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):932–941.
[29]王胜春,罗四维,黄雅平,等.移动车载视频的立体全景图生成方法[J].光学学报,2014,34(12):210–218.(WANG Shengchun,LUO Siwei,HUANG Yaping,et al.Stereo panorama generation from the train-borne video[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2014,34(12):210–218.(in Chinese))