天然气脱硫过程分析及应对措施
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摘要
国内油田在开采过程中会副产部分天然气,这部分天然气需要经过一系列的工艺过程才能得到合格的天然气产品;但天然气在净化过程中存在脱硫塔出现频繁的发泡拦液现象,脱硫塔运行不稳定且天然气脱硫塔效率较低,产品天然气硫含量不达标。采用ASPEN PLUS和冷模实验对天然气脱硫过程进行深入研究。研究发现:当操作压力从1.0 MPa升高到2.1 MPa时,硫化氢质量浓度从55.6 mg/m~3减少至48.9 mg/m~3;当吸收温度从31℃升高到55℃时,硫化氢质量浓度从46 mg/m~3升高至48.5 mg/m~3;当塔板数从15层增加至23层时,硫化氢质量浓度从278 mg/m~3减少至13 mg/m~3;在塔盘开孔等条件相同及阀孔动能因子为19(m/s)(kg/m~3)~(0.5)的情况下,FMP塔盘的液泛夹带量为0.07~0.08 kg/kg,F1浮阀塔盘的为0.16 kg/kg。工艺参数对脱硫效果影响较小,造成脱硫塔发泡拦液现象的根本原因在于,鼓泡传质过程以及原料中重组分物质在吸收剂中的累积。采用FMP塔盘技术可以解决脱硫塔发泡拦液所造成的运行不稳定和脱硫效率低的问题。
Domestic oilfields will produce by-product natural gas in the process of exploration. This part of natural gas needs a series of technological processes to get qualified natural gas. However,in the process of natural gas purification,there are frequent foaming and fluid-blocking phenomena in desulfurization towers. The operation of desulfurization towers is unstable and its desulfurization efficiency is low,and the sulfur content of product natural gas is not up to standard. The process of natural gas desulfurization is deeply studied by ASPEN PLUS and the cold mold experiment. The study shows that when operation pressure increases from 1.0 MPa to 2.1 MPa,the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases from 55.6 mg/m~3 to 48.9 mg/m~3; when absorbent temperature rises from 31 ℃ to 55 ℃,the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide increases from 46 mg/m~3 to 48.5 mg/m~3;when the layer number of plates increases from 15 to 23,and the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases from 278 mg/m~3 to 13 mg/m~3;with the same tray hole conditions and the valve opening kinetic factor of 19 m/s(kg/m~3)~(0.5),the flooding entrainment on the FMP tray is 0.07 to 0.08 kg/kg,and the F1 float valve tray is 0.16 kg/kg. The influence of process parameters on desulfurization effect is not great,and the root reason of the phenomena of foaming and fluid-blocking is the accumulation of matter with heavy components in bubbling mass transfer process and raw materials. FMP tray technology can be used to solve the problems of unstable operation and low desulfurization efficiency due to the foaming and fluid-blocking in desulfurization towers.
Domestic oilfields will produce by-product natural gas in the process of exploration. This part of natural gas needs a series of technological processes to get qualified natural gas. However,in the process of natural gas purification,there are frequent foaming and fluid-blocking phenomena in desulfurization towers. The operation of desulfurization towers is unstable and its desulfurization efficiency is low,and the sulfur content of product natural gas is not up to standard. The process of natural gas desulfurization is deeply studied by ASPEN PLUS and the cold mold experiment. The study shows that when operation pressure increases from 1.0 MPa to 2.1 MPa,the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases from 55.6 mg/m~3 to 48.9 mg/m~3; when absorbent temperature rises from 31 ℃ to 55 ℃,the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide increases from 46 mg/m~3 to 48.5 mg/m~3;when the layer number of plates increases from 15 to 23,and the mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases from 278 mg/m~3 to 13 mg/m~3;with the same tray hole conditions and the valve opening kinetic factor of 19 m/s(kg/m~3)~(0.5),the flooding entrainment on the FMP tray is 0.07 to 0.08 kg/kg,and the F1 float valve tray is 0.16 kg/kg. The influence of process parameters on desulfurization effect is not great,and the root reason of the phenomena of foaming and fluid-blocking is the accumulation of matter with heavy components in bubbling mass transfer process and raw materials. FMP tray technology can be used to solve the problems of unstable operation and low desulfurization efficiency due to the foaming and fluid-blocking in desulfurization towers.
引文
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[2]张卫明,张桂岩,贾振勇.低压气小气量轻烃回收工艺技术探讨[J].河南化工,2011(22):270.
[3]胥金江,韩薇,杨肇琰,等.新疆油田伴生气增压脱水工艺的应用与优化[J].化工技术与开发,2011,35(6):70-72.
[4]李宏,胡泓.CNG母站与轻烃回收装置合建站工艺流程优化[J].石油工程建设,2009,35(3):30-32.
[5]孙青冶,孙胜勇.天然气浅冷装置轻烃稳定系统工艺流程优化[J].中国外资,2012(13):216-225.
[6]周诗崇,王恒,王树立,等.MDEA脱硫液的表面张力研究[J].常州大学学报,2014,26(3):88-92.
[7]金汪和.气体分馏装置丙烯总硫超标的原因分析[J].炼油技术与工程,2004,34(10):35-38.
[8]王玉柱,谭建华,文韵豪.哈得伴生气处理装置问题分析及对策研究[J].油气田地面工程,2017,36(9):50-55.
[9]熊运涛,吴学东,郭庆生,等.天然气净化脱硫研究进展[J].当代化工,2013,42(3):288-290.
[10]王开岳.天然气脱硫脱碳工艺发展进程的回顾[J].油气加工,2011,29(1):15-20.
[11]ALVAREZ E,RENDO R,SANJURJO B,et al.Surface tension of binary mixtures of water+N-Methyldiethanolaine and ternary mixtures of this amine and water with monoethanolamine,diethanolamine,and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol from 25 to 50℃[J].Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data,1998(43):1 027-1 029.