座椅布置选型对公交客车站立密度的影响
|
摘要
为选取合适的公交客车座椅布置匹配公交线路,阐述了公交客车站立密度的调查方法,提出了公交客车站立密度和调度发班间隔的计算模型,通过参照轨道交通设计规范的站立密度阈值范围规定,分析了所调查的7条线路站立密度分布的合理性和变化特征。通过不同发班间隔和座椅布置来适配固定客流,分析了站立密度随发班间隔和座椅布置变化的分布规律,建立了站立密度适应系数计算模型并分析了模型的数理特征,对比了不同座椅布置车辆适配平峰客流后的适应状况。结果表明,"轴距1+1,后通道2+2"能够较多地释放出有效站立空间,5人/m2以上的站间数比重最小,体现了收敛状态,能在满足较短站立时间的同时使乘客能够获得座位的几率增大。
In order to set suitable layout of seats for matching routes of city buses,an investigation method of standing density is applied.A model is proposed to calculate standing density and dispatch interval of city buses.7 bus routes are taken as a case study.According to standards of rail transit,rational distribution and change characteristics of standing density of those bus routes are analyzed.The bus routes adapt to fixed passenger flow by different dispatch interval and different layout of seats,the distribution of standing density is analyzed.A model to calculate standing density is developed for assessing adaption status of the buses.In addition,mathematical feature of the model is proposed.Different bus types(with different layout of seats)are compared in off-peak hours.The results show that the layout of seats as"1+1 on wheelbase,2+2 on rear passage"can release more effective standing space with the changing passenger flow in bus stations.The number of stations which standing density exceeds 5 persons per meter square displays a state of convergence,indicates a shorter standing time and a greater chance to obtain a seat for standing passengers.
In order to set suitable layout of seats for matching routes of city buses,an investigation method of standing density is applied.A model is proposed to calculate standing density and dispatch interval of city buses.7 bus routes are taken as a case study.According to standards of rail transit,rational distribution and change characteristics of standing density of those bus routes are analyzed.The bus routes adapt to fixed passenger flow by different dispatch interval and different layout of seats,the distribution of standing density is analyzed.A model to calculate standing density is developed for assessing adaption status of the buses.In addition,mathematical feature of the model is proposed.Different bus types(with different layout of seats)are compared in off-peak hours.The results show that the layout of seats as"1+1 on wheelbase,2+2 on rear passage"can release more effective standing space with the changing passenger flow in bus stations.The number of stations which standing density exceeds 5 persons per meter square displays a state of convergence,indicates a shorter standing time and a greater chance to obtain a seat for standing passengers.
引文
[1]Transportation Research Board.Capacity and quality of service manual[M].2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:Transportation Research Board of the National A-cademies,National Research Council,2003.
[2]中国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国标准化管理委员会.机动车运行安全技术条件:GB 7258-2017[S].北京:中国标准化管理委员会,2017.General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China.Safety specifications for powerdriven vehicles operating on roads:GB 7258-2017[S].Beijing:Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China,2017.(in Chinese)
[3]邹滔亮,黄虎,刘新田,等.12m大客车座椅布置与分析[J].客车技术与研究,2009(4):16-18.ZOU Taoliang,HUANG Hu,LIU Xintian,et al.Analysis of seat layout of 12mbus[J].Bus&Coach Technology and Research,2009(4):16-18.(in Chinese)
[4]American Public Transportation Association Standards Development Program.Standard bus procurement guidelines RFP[S].Washington,D.C.:A-merican Public Transportation Association,2013.
[5]LEWIS C H,GRIFFIN M J.A comparison of evaluations and assessments obtained using alternative standards for predicting the hazards of whole-body vibration and repeated shocks[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,215(4):915-926.
[6]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.客车装载质量计算方法:GB/T 12428-2005[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2005.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Laden mass calculating method for buses:GB/T 12428-2005[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[7]闫晟煜,赵转转,白鑫.公交客车分区域站立密度分布特征[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(2):93-98.YAN Shengyu,ZHAO Zhuanzhuan,BAI Xin.An analysis of rider density distribution at different parts of public buses[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2018,36(2):93-98.(in Chinese)
[8]赵亮.城市轨道交通立席密度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.ZHAO Liang.Study on density of standing passengers in urban rail transit[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]沈景炎.关于车辆定员与拥挤度的探析[J].都市快轨交通,2007,20(5):14-18.SHEN Jingyan.On the carriage passenger capacity and the crowdedness involved[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2007,20(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[10]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(7):1031-1034.SHAO Minhua,LI Tianye,SUN Lijun.Survey method and model of passengers′cost perception of crowding level in bus[J].Journal of TONGJI University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(7):1031-1034.(in Chinese)
[11]李田野,邵敏华.考虑舒适性的公交乘客出行时间价值对比[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(3):82-86.LI Tianye,SHAO Minhua.Comparison of value of public transport time for passengers considering congestion[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2011,27(3):82-86.(in Chinese)
[12]吴奇兵,陈峰,高永鑫,等.城市轨道交通车厢立席密度计算模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(4):101-109.WU Qibing,CHEN Feng,GAO Yongxin,et al.Computation model of standing-passenger density in urban rail transit carriage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(4):101-109.(in Chinese)
[13]谷金晶,江志彬.基于神经网络客流预测的高峰期公交时刻表优化[J].交通信息与安全,2017,35(2):109-114.GU Jinjing,JIANG Zhibin.An optimization of bus timetable during peak periods based on forecasts passenger flow using neural network[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2017,35(2):109-114.(in Chinese)
[14]International Union of Public Transport.A manufacturer′s view[J].Public Transport International,2005,54(3):52.
[15]闫晟煜,肖润谋.西安市CNG燃料公交客车气耗测试行驶工况模拟[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(3):136-141.YAN Shengyu,XIAO Runmou.Development of driving cycle of Xi′an bus and CNG consumption verification[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2015,35(3):136-141.(in Chinese)
[16]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People′s Republic of China.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[17]北京市城乡规划标准化办公室.城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DB11/995-201[S].北京:北京市规划委员会,2013.Standardization Office of Urban-rural Planning of Beijing.Code for design of urban transit:DB11/995-2013[S].Beijing:Beijing municipal Planning Commission,2013.(in Chinese)
[18]于乐乐,李文权,孙春洋,等.港湾式公交站车辆延误估算模型[J].交通信息与安全,2016,34(6):48-53.YU Lele,LI Wenquan,SUN Chunyang,et al.An estimated model of residence time of buses at bay stations[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2016,34(6):48-53.(in Chinese)
[2]中国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国标准化管理委员会.机动车运行安全技术条件:GB 7258-2017[S].北京:中国标准化管理委员会,2017.General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China.Safety specifications for powerdriven vehicles operating on roads:GB 7258-2017[S].Beijing:Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China,2017.(in Chinese)
[3]邹滔亮,黄虎,刘新田,等.12m大客车座椅布置与分析[J].客车技术与研究,2009(4):16-18.ZOU Taoliang,HUANG Hu,LIU Xintian,et al.Analysis of seat layout of 12mbus[J].Bus&Coach Technology and Research,2009(4):16-18.(in Chinese)
[4]American Public Transportation Association Standards Development Program.Standard bus procurement guidelines RFP[S].Washington,D.C.:A-merican Public Transportation Association,2013.
[5]LEWIS C H,GRIFFIN M J.A comparison of evaluations and assessments obtained using alternative standards for predicting the hazards of whole-body vibration and repeated shocks[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,215(4):915-926.
[6]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.客车装载质量计算方法:GB/T 12428-2005[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2005.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Laden mass calculating method for buses:GB/T 12428-2005[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[7]闫晟煜,赵转转,白鑫.公交客车分区域站立密度分布特征[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(2):93-98.YAN Shengyu,ZHAO Zhuanzhuan,BAI Xin.An analysis of rider density distribution at different parts of public buses[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2018,36(2):93-98.(in Chinese)
[8]赵亮.城市轨道交通立席密度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.ZHAO Liang.Study on density of standing passengers in urban rail transit[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]沈景炎.关于车辆定员与拥挤度的探析[J].都市快轨交通,2007,20(5):14-18.SHEN Jingyan.On the carriage passenger capacity and the crowdedness involved[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2007,20(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[10]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(7):1031-1034.SHAO Minhua,LI Tianye,SUN Lijun.Survey method and model of passengers′cost perception of crowding level in bus[J].Journal of TONGJI University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(7):1031-1034.(in Chinese)
[11]李田野,邵敏华.考虑舒适性的公交乘客出行时间价值对比[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(3):82-86.LI Tianye,SHAO Minhua.Comparison of value of public transport time for passengers considering congestion[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2011,27(3):82-86.(in Chinese)
[12]吴奇兵,陈峰,高永鑫,等.城市轨道交通车厢立席密度计算模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(4):101-109.WU Qibing,CHEN Feng,GAO Yongxin,et al.Computation model of standing-passenger density in urban rail transit carriage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(4):101-109.(in Chinese)
[13]谷金晶,江志彬.基于神经网络客流预测的高峰期公交时刻表优化[J].交通信息与安全,2017,35(2):109-114.GU Jinjing,JIANG Zhibin.An optimization of bus timetable during peak periods based on forecasts passenger flow using neural network[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2017,35(2):109-114.(in Chinese)
[14]International Union of Public Transport.A manufacturer′s view[J].Public Transport International,2005,54(3):52.
[15]闫晟煜,肖润谋.西安市CNG燃料公交客车气耗测试行驶工况模拟[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(3):136-141.YAN Shengyu,XIAO Runmou.Development of driving cycle of Xi′an bus and CNG consumption verification[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2015,35(3):136-141.(in Chinese)
[16]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People′s Republic of China.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[17]北京市城乡规划标准化办公室.城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DB11/995-201[S].北京:北京市规划委员会,2013.Standardization Office of Urban-rural Planning of Beijing.Code for design of urban transit:DB11/995-2013[S].Beijing:Beijing municipal Planning Commission,2013.(in Chinese)
[18]于乐乐,李文权,孙春洋,等.港湾式公交站车辆延误估算模型[J].交通信息与安全,2016,34(6):48-53.YU Lele,LI Wenquan,SUN Chunyang,et al.An estimated model of residence time of buses at bay stations[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2016,34(6):48-53.(in Chinese)